Readequação acessível em edifício hospitalar em Ribeirão Branco/SP: (proposta de readequação espacial do Hospital Municipal Maria Rosa Cardoso)

Um dos problemas enfrentados pelas cidades brasileiras, e que atinge inclusive as de pequeno porte, refere-se à questão hospitalar. A falta de adequação de espaços e equipamentos tem causado grandes problemas à qualidade de vida da população. A melhoria das condições hospitalares nas cidades tem como consequência o aumento na qualidade de vida urbana; e esta, por sua vez está relacionada à adoção de medidas específicas a adequação hospitalar ás normas técnicas vigentes. O objetivo desse trabalho é realizar uma proposta projetual de requalificação espacial do Hospital Municipal de Ribeirão Branco (SP), incorporando uma visão sobre todos os aspectos necessários para o desenvolvimento correto de um programa hospitalar. Este trabalho de conclusão de curso visa dar condições confortáveis e autônomas de acesso a todos os usuários dessa unidade de saúde, além de melhor suas condições funcionais, em termos de programa hospitalar. Além disso, a proposta buscará inserir o Hospital num contexto tecnológico mais recente, para atualizar e potencializar a eficiência dos tratamentos

Infância, ludicidade e pedagogia hospitalar: encontros e desencontros nas práticas educativas

The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of educational practices aimed at children in non formal education, in this case, specifically, the hospital context. The chosen methodology is part of an investigation conducted in two phases. In the first phase was carried out a theoretical stage, scientifically based studies guided by an historical-cultural and Sociology of Childhood, enabling placement on the particularities of children, the playfulness and the positioning of Pedagogy in the hospital. After this theoretical study was performed the second phase, with the completion of an empirical study with a research and intervention in a hospital playroom, in a public hospital considered a regional center in the northwestern city of São Paulo. The methodological procedures adopted for this empirical study were participant observation, interviews, action research and a questionnaire. Participant observation and action research are conducted within the brinquetodeca in five meetings with about 15 children, interviews were conducted with three family members and the questionnaire was applied to a healthcare professional. Among the results we can mention the following findings: a confirmation of the necessity of work in the hospital directing playful adaptations for the preservation and development of children's learning, and recent publications are scarce about the Hospital Education and underscore the need for the professional practice of education in non-school, the educational activities carried out reveals the possibilities of offering the child the continuation of their educational activities involving the playful and educational, the international and national literature on educational practices in the hospital allow to check ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Proposta de um dispositivo para ajuste automático da altura de uma cama hospitalar

This paper proposes a mechanical device to adapt a simple model of hospital bed used in the Emergency Department at Santa Casa of Guaratinguetá, allowing the bed’s height adjustment with electromechanical drive. This adaptation aims to introduce improvements in the routine work of nurses and reduce ergonomic problems stemming from repetitive strain during the transfer of patients to stretchers and wheelchairs, as well as providing more comfort to the bedridden patient. The device is mainly composed of: an electric induction motor used to drive the engine, a steel spindle with square thread, which allows axial displacement of the bed, a transmission system with pulleys and belt, which transmits power supplied by the motor to the spindle. The mechanism allows the height of the bed is regulated between 400 and 800 mm. The estimated implementation cost of this proposal is lower than the acquisition cost of a commercial hospital bed with the same features, which confirms the feasibility of the proposed solution

Proposta de um dispositivo para adaptação em uma cama hospitalar para ajuste de altura

In hospitals, health professionals may face different situations and problems. By following them, it is remarkable that one of the difficulties is related to the support provided by the facilities to carry out their work. This also affects the quality of treatment offered to patients. One of the points of improvement that could be studied is hospital beds. The Fawler's simplest hospital bed type, used in most Brazilian public hospitals, is designed with an ergonomic average height that offers a default position for analysis and treatment of patients. There is no possibility of adjusting the height of those beds, and hence there is a limitation in this regard since that height is fixed, but the physical structures of the workers and patients may vary widely and there may be a conflict when there are people too large or small involved in this process. Beyond that, studies by experts show that beds with height adjustment decreases the muscular effort and improve the movement quality of the spine of nursing staff, reducing the force on certain vertebrae and also the ergonomic risk. Of course, patient comfort is also affected accordingly. As the beds made with height adjustment are very expensive, this study aims to design a device to adapt the not adjustable beds. The project must be viable from an economic and mechanic standpoint, being able to adapt both old and new simplest Fawler hospital bed models, since their dimensions are similar. The final result shows that it is possible to adapt such beds using the designed concept at a viable cost. Furthermore, this concept could be applied in other bed types or objects that have hollow feet

Uso de rastreadores de eventos adversos a medicamentos para farmacovigilância no âmbito hospitalar

Eventos adversos a medicamentos (EAM) ainda são uma das principais limitações nos serviços de cuidados com a saúde, causando risco aos pacientes, além de grande impacto econômico. Assim, fazem-se necessários métodos de identificação de eventos adversos mais eficazes que a tradicional notificação espontânea, a qual revela apenas 5% do total de eventos. A utilização de critérios rastreadores (ou trigger tools), elaborados pelo Institute for Healthcare Improvement, tem se mostrado como a alternativa mais válida e eficiente para a triagem dos EAM. Com o objetivo principal de identificar os principais eventos adversos e medicamentos envolvidos, uma seleção de três critérios rastreadores foi utilizada, a saber: INR (razão normalizada internacional) > 6, WBC (contagem de leucócitos) < 3000/mm³ ou registros de episódios de sedação excessiva, letargia ou queda. Informações sobre os rastreadores foram coletadas e analisadas a partir dos prontuários de pacientes internados no Hospital Estadual Américo Brasiliense internados, de novembro de 2011 a janeiro de 2012 e maio a julho de 2012, a fim de se confirmar a ocorrência de evento adverso. Foram analisados prontuários referentes a 3318 hospitalizações, nas quais foram detectados 69 eventos adversos, 49 dos quais foram causados por apenas quatro das 12 classes de medicamentos envolvidos em algum EAM: anticoagulantes orais, relacionados ao rastreador INR>6 (eficácia = 0,75), sedativos e antipsicóticos, relacionados ao rastreador de sedação excessiva, letargia ou queda (eficácia = 0,52), e antivirais, relacionados ao rastreador WBC<3000 (eficácia = 0,48). Quando os rastreadores eram acionados e não estavam relacionados a EAM, os fatores de confusão mais recorrentes foram: torpor secundário ao quadro clínico, acidentes não relacionados ao medicamento e pacientes propositalmente em regime de sedação. Apesar de valores-limite menos radicais poderem aumentar a ...

Avaliação da eficácia do tratamento da cessação do tabagismo iniciado durante internação hospitalar em pacientes com doença cardiológica ou respiratória agudizada

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Qual a importância da odontologia hospitalar?

Hospital Dentistry can be understood by the care of the oral abnormalities that require intervention of multidisciplinary team for highly complex treatment. Dentistry integrated into the hospital, allows a better performance in the commitment to patient care and also expanded oral health care to the population. However, even among dentists, opinions differ on the subject. The participation of the dentist in an outpatient or in hospital, aims to collaborate, deliver and add more strength to what characterizes the new identity of the hospital. The aim of this study was to review the literature about the importance of ministering concepts of Hospital Dentistry for the exercise of this profession and how the situation is nowadays.

Grau de conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre odontologia hospitalar

The aim of this research was to investigate the knowledge, judgment, monitoring and execution of the dentists regarding Hospital Dental Care. Five hundred dentists from Araçatuba (São Paulo state) answered a questionnaire. The results showed that 49% of professionals have never had experience at hospitals and 64% affirmed that this content is poorly approached in graduation. Also 46% of respondents have no interest or don’t think necessary acting in a hospital and 24% believe that this care is done by specialists only. It can be suggested that there is a lack of knowledge about Hospital Dental Care, thus the dentist shall be instructed since academic training for insertion into the hospital team.

Infecção viral respiratória comunitária e hospitalar em pacientes submetidos a transplante de células tronco hematopoiéticas

Pós-graduação em Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (Biotecnologia Médica) - FMB

Infecção do trato urinário adquirida em ambiente hospitalar em idosos

Introduction: Hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (HAUTI) is an important cause of morbidity in the elderly population. Objective: Evaluate the occurrence of HAUTI and risk factors associated with it. Method: This is a prospective study of a sample of 332 elderly people, interned in a university hospital. Criteria for defining infection were established by the Center for Diseases and Prevention Control. Statistical analysis of data used calculation of frequencies, odds ratio and logistic regression. The rate of hospital infection was 23.6%. The prevalent topographies of infection were respiratory infections (27.6%), urinary tract infections (26.4%) and surgical wound infections (23.6%, with 21, 20 and 19 episodes, respectively. The HAUTI incidence density associated with urinary catheterization was 24.2 infections by 1,000 catheter-days. The length of hospital stay of patients without nosocomial infection was 6.9 days and with HAUTI was increased in 10.4 (p<0.05).The rate of mortality of patients with HAUTI was 20%. Pathogens were isolated in 75% of episodes of HAUTI and the prevalent were: Escherichia coli (33%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%). Risk factors found for HAUTI were urinary catheterization implementation (odds ratio (OR) = 43.1; 95% confidence interval (95 CI%) = 3.9 – 311.1), hospitalization with community infection (OR= 21.9; 95% CI = 4.9 – 97.9); vascular diseases (OR=14; 95% CI = 2 – 98); diabetes mellitus (OR= 5.5; 95% CI = 1.4 – 21) and urinary catheterization by more than three days (OR=3.7; 95% CI = 1 – 13.8). Conclusions: HAUTI presented elevated incidence and it increased the length of hospital stay.

Sitios Assistenciais em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e Relação do Nursing Activities Score com a Infecção Hospitalar

The Patient Classification System has become essential concerning to the practice in management and care from a nurse. This study analyzed the implementation of Assistance Sites in an intensive care unit for adults as a way of organization and classification of patients, as well as the impact of this process on the quality of care according to the Nursing Activities Score and the relation with the Hospital Infection. This is a quantitative, prospective, descriptive and transversal study. The data collection was realized from July until October 2010. The sample was consisted of 214 patients, mostly male, neurosurgical and with a mid age of 57 years. The NAS was on the average of 71.72%. Regarding the Hospital Infection before and after implantation, there was a reduction in the rates of pneumonia. However, the nursing workload remained the same. Moreover, It was evident the importance of using the Nursing Activities Score and the implementation of new ways for classification of patients to improve the organization of the care.

Importância da segregação de materiais no gerenciamento de lixo hospitalar na área de hemoterapia

In recent years the environment and its effects on human life has been the subject of research. The scientific society organized to manage the problem of large amount of waste generated, discuss the degradation of the environment and point out possible solutions. The scarcity of references in the specific hemotherapy motivated this research. This study is an observational descriptive in order to raise the issue of hospital waste specific area of hemotherapy, presenting its latest ratings on Brazilian law also highlights the proposed Waste Management Program Health Service (PGRSS) Blood Center of Botucatu (HB) highlighting the importance of segregation of noble material in the generation of other therapeutic products using the technique of cleaner production (CP). The observational analysis of the reports shows a 20-fold increase in the amount of waste generated from 1993 to 2005, while the increase of manpower was 2.5 times. The increase in generation was due RSS hemocenter deployment of automated techniques, increased demand and improved sorting of waste. The technique implanted P + L in 2001 began using units of fresh frozen plasma, previously discarded after 12 months of storage, for the composition of new therapeutics for topical use, called bio dressing. In 10 years of implementation of this new technique, therapeutic products generated 535 patients benefited from micro-Botucatu.

A comunicação não verbal da equipe de enfermagem contribuindo para o cuidado do idoso em internação hospitalar

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB

Avaliação do desperdício de alimentos prontos para o consumo em Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN), do interior do estado de São Paulo

Pós-graduação em Engenharia e Ciência de Alimentos - IBILCE