Visita interprofissional da cardiologia: uma estratégia de educação interprofissional na área da saúde na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

The interprofessional education still represents a great challenge for the health education. This paper aims at implementing the Interprofessional Cardiology Visit (VIC, acronym in Portuguese) as a teaching strategy for the interprofessional education in the undergraduate and graduate courses of UFRN (Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, acronym in Portuguese). It is a prospective and exploratory study held from March 2013 to November 2014, in the cardiology department of HUOL (Portuguese acronym for Onofre Lopes University Hospital), including health professionals from the mentioned hospital (doctor, psycologist, physiotherapist, dentist, social assistant, nutritionist, pharmacist and nurse), undergraduate and graduate students from the health courses of UFRN. The study happened in three parts: interprofessional activity planning; Implementation of the activity “Interprofessional Cardiology Visit (VIC)”; and Activity evaluation, this last one was made through focus groups. The process of planning and implementation of the VIC was described during the implementation phase: 60 meetings in which 1324 participants discussed one specific patient per meeting. After each case presentation, an interprofessional discussion was held, pointing out each professional’s specific point of view towards improving the overall care of that discussed patient. From the focus group analysis, five categories emerged: Recognition of previous participations in interprofessional activities; Conceptual vision of interprofessional activities; Impacts of the VIC to the patient’s care; Contributions of VIC to the professional training; and Challenges of VIC continuation. The making and planning of VIC process has reached its goals, despite of some health professional’s participation not being systematic due to work overload, such as the nurses’ case, as well as schedule difficulties. The VIC was praised as a successful experience and considered an initiative with positive impact for improving the care of patients with heart diseases. It is clear, from analyzing the discourses, that the VIC is a strategy which positively impacts both the care and the teaching. However, some difficulties remain, such as the lack of human resources and the challenge of making it systematic.

Desenvolvimento biotecnológico de uma emulsão de uso tópico a base de óleo de rã-touro Rana catesbeiana Shaw

The skin is one of the largest organs of the human body and accounts for about 16% of body weight. The body protection against the external environment microorganisms is one of its most important functions, however is necessary that the skin remain intact for this function be exercised, so that when there is an injury on the skin, the process of restructuring needs to be starts, however this restructuration may also be compromised due to some diseases, justifying even more the need for the development of topical products that promote or accelerate the skin healing. Thus the aim of this study was to extract bullfrog oil and to develop a suitable topical emulsion. Two different oil samples were extracted by hot or organic solvent process. Titration techniques and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry were used to characterize the bullfrog oil. The required hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLBr) of bullfrog oil was determined and a pseudo-ternary phase diagram was constructed. The stability of the topical emulsion was evaluated. Then, cellular viability was determined by MTT assay using normal fibroblasts (3T3) and melanoma (B16F10) cells lines. The hot extraction yield was 60.6%. The major polyunsaturated compounds found were Eicosapentaenoic acid (17.6%) and Arachidonic acid (8.4%). HLBr study demonstrated the presence of stable systems with HLB ranging from 12.1 to 13.5 and the pseudo-ternary phase diagram showed mainly emulsion systems (62%). Topical emulsion showed 390 nm, polydispersity 0.05, zeta potential -25 mV and remained stable for ninety days. The bullfrog oil and topical emulsion did not showed citotoxicity in normal fibroblasts cells. However, these systems showed significantly inhibition of melanoma cells growth. In conclusion, the bullfrog oil presented desirable chemical characteristics required to be used for the development of a pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.

Aportación a la historia de la farmacia en la provincia de Orense

A principios del S.XX; en el año 1911, en la ciudad de Orense sólo existían ocho farmacias, las de Luis Fábrega Coello, en el Progreso; la de Ramón Aldemira en Hernán Cortés; la de José Fernández Martínez en el Progreso; la de Emilio Meruéndano Pérez en la Plaza Mayor; la de José Francisco Salgado en la calle Bailén; la de Serafín Temes en la Plaza del Hierro y la de Aurelio Fernández Román en el barrio del Puente Mayor, entonces Municipio de Canedo. Con el transcurso de los años, se dieron dos acontecimientos importantes; el represamiento de los cauces de los ríos, aprovechado para la generación de electricidad, y la gran inversión en líneas de ferrocarril que servían de comunicación de Galicia con la Península; esto provocó la expansión de la ciudad y con ella una mayor actividad que, junto a la creación del Colegio Oficial de Farmacéuticos de Ourense provocó un incremento de las farmacias en la provincia, pasando de 56 en 1918 a 126 en 1949...

Análisis de preferencias del paisaje urbano entre barrios compactos y barrios postindustriales en Vitoria-Gasteiz. Implicaciones en la planificación urbana

Las características urbanísticas de las expansiones urbanas postindustriales desarrolladas en las últimas décadas en numerosas ciudades españolas presentan diferencias notables con las de barrios centrales y pericentrales más compactos preexistentes. Con el fin de estudiar cómo son percibidas por los ciudadanos de Vitoria-Gasteiz dichas diferencias urbanísticas, se realizaron 250 encuestas a residentes en los barrios compactos de la ciudad sobre sus preferencias entre el paisaje urbano de su barrio y el de los barrios postindustriales. Se observó que la gran mayoría de los encuestados prefirieron su compacto barrio en aspectos de sociabilidad, accesibilidad a servicios y bienestar global. Los resultados obtenidos se contrastaron con los de un estudio previo en el que una encuesta similar fue realizada a residentes en un barrio postindustrial. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para desarrollar una práctica urbanística más sostenible y que integre la percepción de los usuarios de la ciudad.

Aportes de las teorías sociológicas a la discusión de la ontología. Los casos de Luhmann, Habermas y Latour

En este trabajo se discuten los aportes de la teoría sociológica contemporánea al debate filosófico y científico de la ontología, para ello son cotejados los componentes ontológicos de la Teoría General de Sistemas Sociales de Niklas Luhmann, lla Teoría de la Acción Comunicativa de Jürgen Habermas y la Actor-Network Theory de Bruno Latour.

Anthroponyms in health care interventions

Anthroponyms in Health Care Interventions. This research aims to examine the personal names used by health care professionals to refer to and speak with patients in medical consultations. To this end, a large corpus was created with anthroponyms used in this type of settings and extracted from a variety of sources. The data obtained were then analyzed, classified, described and explained. Our hypothesis is that personal names are relevant elements in the relationship between the health care provider and the patient; however, their use is decidedly complex. In the following pages we will discuss this designative complexity by way of an introduction, an analysis of anthroponymic studies and a conclusion.

Dinámicas biopoéticas del "Prototractatus" y el "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" de Ludwig Wittgenstein : arquitectura cognitiva de las proposiciones

Programa de doctorado: Nuevas perspectivas cognitivas en los estudios de lengua, literatura y traducción. La fecha de publicación es la fecha de lectura Tesis doctoral europea

Projeto de mestrado para implementação de um sistema de gestão da qualidade em farmácia comunitária

Nos últimos anos, a Qualidade em Instituições de saúde tem sido um tema relevante. O conceito de qualidade tem várias definições, sendo um conceito difícil de medir e definir. A Qualidade é uma ferramenta cada vez mais almejada pelas instituições que prestam cuidados de saúde e neste caso particular pela Farmácia Comunitária. Essa procura advém da necessidade de garantir um atendimento aos utentes cada vez mais eficaz e eficiente, capaz de satisfazer as suas reais necessidades e expectativas, por meio da otimização de processos e economização de recursos, tornando-se, por isso, uma prioridade nas áreas onde os farmacêuticos operam. O objetivo deste projeto é clarificar e explicar as etapas para a implementação de um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade, com base na Norma ISO 9001:2008, numa Farmácia Comunitária, encorajando toda a equipa e promovendo o empenho e envolvência de todos nas práticas de gestão integrada da qualidade e nas estratégias de melhoria contínua. A Implementação de um Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade com base na norma ISO 9001:2008 poderá ter um impacto muito positivo, contribuindo não apenas para a melhoria da qualidade interna da organização, nas suas diversas vertentes, como também para a focalização nos seus clientes, melhorando ainda mais a qualidade dos serviços prestados, demonstrando ser relevante para a saúde, para a forma como os recursos humanos se organizam em torno do trabalho e para racionalização dos recursos. Desta forma se demonstra o valor desta ferramenta na gestão, eficácia e segurança no sistema de utilização do medicamento em Farmácia Comunitária.

The evolving profile, role and relevance of the medical director in a pharmaceutical company

Over the last years, operations in Pharmaceutical Companies have become more complex, trying to adapt to new demands of the market environment. Overall, the observed change of paradigm requires adapting, mainly by the setting of new priorities, diversification of investments, cost containment strategies, exploring new markets and developping new sets of skills. In this context, new functions have been created, the relevance of some has diminished, and the importance of others has arisen. Amongst these, the medical structure within a Pharmaceutical Company, increased to meet demands, with companies adopting different models to respond to these needs, and becoming a pillar to the business. Assuming the leading role within a medical department, the medical director function often lies in the shadow. It is a key function within Pharma Industry, either on a country or on a Global basis. It has evolved and changed in the past years to meet the constant demands of a changing environment. The Medical Director is a highly skilled and differeniated professional who provides medical and scientific governance within a Pharmaceutical company, since early stages of drug development and up to loss of exclusivity, not only but also by leading a team of other physicians, pharmacists or life scientists whose functions comprise specificities that the medical director needs to understand, provide input to, oversee and lead. As the organization of Pharmaceutical Companies tends to be different, in accordance to values, culture, markets and strategies, the scope of activities of a Medical Director can be broader or may be limited, depending on size of the organization and governance model, but they must fulfil a large set of requirements in order to leverage impact on internal and internal customers. Key technical competencies for medical directors such as an MD degree, a strong clinical foundation, knowledge of drug development, project and team management experience and written and verbal skills are relatively easy to define, but underlying behavioural competencies are more difficult to ascertain, and these are more often the true predictors of success in the role. Beyond seamless proficiency in technical skills, at this level interpersonal skills become far more important, as they are the driver and the distinctive factor between a good and an excelent medical director. And this has impact in the business and in the people doing it.

Modelo para la creación de un portal en internet que les facilite a los laboratorios farmaceúticos la promoción médica a través del uso de medios virtuales

La presente investigación se realizó con el propósito de desarrollar un modelo que fuera la base para que los laboratorios farmacéuticos puedan orientar su promoción médica hacia el uso de los recursos tecnológicos actuales como es el internet. Además de proveer un mapa conceptual de los pasos que deben seguir los laboratorios para pasar de los medios tradicionales de promoción médica (Brick) a los medios virtuales e interactivos (Click) a través de la red, es decir, actualmente la promociónmédica se hace a través de los canales tradicionales de comercialización; a esta forma la llamamos "Brick", pero nuestra propuesta permite crear una estrategia para que el laboratorio transforme la promoción médica a través de las tecnologías de comunicación, como el internet, creando un nuevo canal de comercialización, "Click", virtual, en línea. El modelo puede ser aplicado por cualquier laboratorio farmacéutico y no tiene ninguna exclusividad, puesto que es genérico; los principios aplicadosson de conocimiento público. Lo que haría la diferencia entre unportal y otro sería la forma como cada laboratorio enfrente el diseño y la implementación del mismo.

Medicinal Water? The occurrence and fate of pharmaceuticals in aquatic environments A short communication

Although very little is known about the transport, fate and toxic effects of medical compounds in aquatic environments, the presence of these compounds in potable water sources can no longer be overlooked. We can argue that trace concentrations of drugs in the water is relatively a minor problem, however, the current and future demands on global potable freshwater supplies will probably lead to greater incidents of indirect and direct water-reuse situations at the local, regional, and cross-border levels. It is important to remark that the solution of this emerging ecological issue does not rely on new and better wastewater treatment technologies, but a new paradigm of responsibility and the understanding of the relations between anthropogenic actions and their ecological effects as well. The objective of this brief communication is to present the state of the art of research conducted in the last decade in Europe and United States concerning the presence of pharmaceuticals products in aquatic environments.

Diseño de un aplicativo para el registro de implantes, gestión de alertas e incidentes relacionados con productos sanitarios como herramienta para el responsable de vigilancia de productos sanitarios

Objetivo: Describir las funcionalidades de un programa informático de soporte a la actividad del responsable de vigilancia de productos sanitarios (PS). Analizar su utilidad tras un año de implantación. Método: Las etapas del proceso fueron: descripción de actividades básicas del responsable de vigilancia, definir las funcionalidades y datos a procesar, crear los formularios de registro y opciones de la herramienta SIVIPS, implantación en un hospital privado que gestiona PS, validación del programa y análisis de su utilidad al año. Resultados: Se desarrolló la herramienta SIVIPS en Acces® por farmacéuticos. Se describieron las variables básicas para todas las actividades del responsable de vigilancia de PS (registro implantes, registro de alertas, registro de incidentes con PS, incluidos los de diagnóstico in vitro) y las funcionalidades del programa. Al año de su implantación se encontraron registros de 564 implantes con la posibilidad de desglose por tipo de implante, 31 alertas con PS y 6 incidentes con PS, permitiendo el seguimiento de las actuaciones realizadas en estos casos. Conclusiones: SIVIPS® es la primera herramienta de soporte a la actividad del responsable de vigilancia de PS. Es una herramienta sencilla que permite de forma ágil el registro de alertas e incidentes con PS, así como el registro de los implantes realizados en el centro, consiguiendo mejorar la trazabilidad del PS.

Indução de resistência e tratamento de sementes de soja com fosfitos de potássio

The use of inputs containing phosphites have been presenting results in many studies, taking on importance to the control of diseases in some cultures and demonstrating the resistance induction in seedlings, with ability to activate defense mechanisms, conferring protection to plants against microorganisms. The soybean crop is recognized for its importance in providing grains and derivatives for human consumption, animal, production of biofuels, pharmaceuticals, among others. Positive results obtained through studies based on resistance inducers in some cultures arouse the interest for further study. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium phosphites on the resistance induction and treatment of soybean seeds. Therefore were conducted four laboratory studies at the Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus of Dois Vizinhos. In the first study it was evaluated the quality attributes of the seeds and the resistance induction as seed treatment. Then it was verified that phosphites have action upon the seedlings metabolism in due to seed treatment, having the phosphite Reforce® contributed to seed quality attributes and phosphites FitofosK® and Fitofos K Plus® induced the resistance increasing the activity of β-1,3-glucanase. In the second study it was evaluated the the resistance induction in soybean cotyledons, in which the phosphites demonstrated induction potential of phytoalexin gliceolin. In the third study It was evaluated the soybean seed health treated with potassium phosphites.. it was observed that the phosphites reduced the incidence of many fungi on seeds, especially of storage fungi like Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium semitectum. In the fourth study it was evaluated the in vitro effect of potassium phosphites on pathogenic fungi of the culture. And it was found direct action of phosphites on the mycelial growth of Fusarium semitectum, Pythium sp. and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Based on these results, we concluded that potassium phosphites have potential in seeds treatment, as resistance inducer and on in vitro control of phytopathogens.

Los costos ABC y su aplicación en la industria farmaceútica.

La economía salvadoreña está inserta en un proceso de globalización del cual la industria farmacéutica no puede sustraerse, sino innovar los mercados y competir eficientemente para el logro de los objetivos en este sistema mundial, dentro de esta panorámica la asignación de costos es fundamental y los sistemas tradicionales, que se aplican actualmente, no dan respuestas optimas a la realidad actual; es por ello que se propone en este trabajo la aplicación del sistema de Costos Basados en Actividades (ABC, por sus iniciales en inglés), como una respuesta a la problemática de la asignación de costos de indirectos de fábrica. En la investigación se estudió una muestra de 14 empresas farmacéuticas ubicadas dentro de San Salvador y ciudades circunvecinas, lugares que reúnen el mayor número de éste tipo de empresas, las que son de tipo industrial y por su producción se clasifican entre medianas y grandes, implicando con esto que poseen una alta tecnificación en recursos humanos y maquinaria industrial. Según esta investigación las empresas que se dedican a la elaboración de productos farmacéuticos, están inconformes con los resultados actuales en cuanto a la asignación de costos ya que aplican sistemas de costeo que no muestran con precisión los costos reales de producir, ya que los métodos que actualmente utilizan, se basan en los volúmenes por lo tanto no proporcionan una base razonable para la determinación de los costos, sobre todo en la aplicación de costos indirectos de fábrica. La aplicación de los costos ABC, por asignar los gastos de fabricación a los productos sobre la base de las actividades que se desarrollan para producir, permite obtener una asignación más razonable de los costos indirectos de fábrica, ya que las formas de producir actualmente han variado así como el número de líneas de producto. Además la mayoría de empresas consultadas están expandiendo su mercado y exigen tomar decisiones eficaces y sobre bases sólidas que les hagan ser competitivas en estos mercados globalizados, todo ello exige además el cumplimiento de leyes y normativas establecidas por el Estado, el sistema de costos ABC cumple con estas exigencias. El desarrollo de la aplicación de costos ABC, para la industria farmacéutica, se presenta a través de un caso práctico realizado en una empresa de ésta industria, quien facilito la información necesaria, lo que hace que el presente trabajo represente un modelo para las empresas en cuanto a la aplicación de costos ABC, así como es una base teórica y práctica para todo tipo de negocio puesto que los ABC, tienen aplicación dentro del sector servicios, comercial, agrícola, etc. y para su aplicación no es necesario cambiar el sistema de costos que se utiliza.

Estudo da atividade biológica de líquidos iónicos baseados em bis-piridínios em bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram-negativas

As resistências aos antibióticos estão a tornar-se um problema de saúde pública, estando a preocupar as várias entidades mundiais. Assim sendo, a descoberta de novas alternativas para combater infeções microbianas é crítica. Os líquidos iónicos (LIs) surgem, neste contexto, como um recurso a ser utilizado na indústria farmacêutica, nomeadamente na síntese de novos antibióticos. LIs demonstram a capacidade de melhorar as características dos ingredientes farmacêuticos ativos (API). No entanto, esta não é apenas a relevância destes compostos: propriedades antimicrobianas também têm sido descritas. LIs combinados com APIs ou LI como um API estão a dar uma nova perspetiva aos antibióticos. Os bis-piridínios estão, agora, a ser alvo de estudos também nesta área. Propriedades antimicrobianas de bis-piridinio têm sido descritas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade de sais bis-piridínios como antimicrobianos. Os LIs derivados de bis-piridínio foram sintetizados e purificados pelo grupo Luís C. Branco da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, e usado após a confirmação das estruturas e pureza por ressonância magnética nuclear e espectrometria de massa. As bactérias utilizadas pertencem à coleção de Química e Biomoléculas da ESTSP. Para avaliar a atividade biológica dos compostos foram determinados os valores de concentração mínima inibitória (MIC), pelo método de microdiluição, de acordo com a metodologia do Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). A determinação das taxas de crescimento também foi feita pelo método de microdiluição. Foram estudados 12 LIs contra 9 estirpes bacterianas, muitas das quais resistentes aos antibióticos. Apenas três dos compostos não mostraram nenhuma atividade antimicrobiana para as concentrações estudadas (<5 mM). Dois LIs mostraram atividade biológica contra todas as bactérias estudadas, incluindo o S.aureaus MRSA ATCC 43300. Seis dos sete restantes compostos demonstraram atividade biológica contra a maioria das bactérias estudadas. Só um composto mostrou atividade contra uma única bactéria. Os LIs bis-piridínios têm atividade biológica contra bactérias Gram-positivas e Gram- negativas, incluindo bactérias resistentes. Assim, estes compostos devem ser tidos em conta na busca de novas moléculas antibacterianas (síntese de novos antibióticos ou desinfetantes).