O trabalho do gestor escolar: intensificação e implicações administrativas e pedagógicas na gestão da escola

Analyze the work of the school manager who now faces the changes experienced in school management for the last two decades. We propose that there have been changes in school management that have generated a larger number of activities to be developed by managers, causing both the intensification of work and a greater involvement of professionals in the financial-administrative dimension of their work in opposition to the political and pedagogical dimension. This study has a historic-critic approach. That is why we performed semi-structured interviews with school managers of the city schools in Natal RN, BR as a methodological procedure. We also analyzed the literature as well as the documentation relevant to this subject. From the study it was possible to conclude that changes in the field of school management and also teaching have led to an intensification of work of school managers and that such changes have not been followed by corresponding improvement in working conditions and teaching career of these professionals. They, as a rule, are considered by controlling agencies and by the school community as the primarily responsible for the school condition and for creating actions or projects that may improve the institutional objectives and results, including even the maintenance of the institution. Moreover, the growing number of administrative activities represents for obvious reasons extra work for these managers, who, when trying to cope with the growing bureaucratic situations, end up misplacing other political and educational aspects of school work, which may undermine the final purpose of school itself. We stress that we must broaden the discussions on the functions of the school manager, so that this worker can actualize a pedagogical project more committed to an emancipatory nature, despite all the challenge in keeping the school running in often-precarious conditions

Um olhar estético sobre o telespetáculo esportivo :contribuições para o ensino do esporte na escola

The sportive television spectacle shows up like a media phenomenon which evidence performances and techniques that further on the community realized in the quotidian sportive practices into a show and play mixer, that more and more, sensibility the viewers. In this scenery , this research is about the relation between sportive television spectacle and viewer by the aesthetics perspective, and discussed the sport in the Physical Education context with the focus in the contributions to teaching in the school. The research, to the methodological view, uses the discuss analysis and realizes a qualitative study in two interdependent moments. In the first, analysis the dada collated in the Education, sport and television workshop. In the second, turns about TV images of sportive television spectacle to appreciated, to support a discuss of these phenomenon s aesthetics elements, looking for the relation established between the sportive television spectacle and viewer. The analysis s emphasis is in the sensations by sportive television spectacle, as well in the aesthetic elements problems promoted by this experience, from the two basics concepts, to know: the aesthetic and the synaesthetic perception. The analysis s corpus is composed by Esporte Espetacular TV program. Identify, in the sportive television spectacle appreciation, four big discuss axis of great importance between sportive television spectacle and viewer understanding: the relation space and time, the belonging feeling, the language interlacing, and beauty models. Understand in the analysis that, in the sportive TV scenery, occurs a construction image that seduces and involves the viewer through the aesthetics elements. From that discuss axis reflect about teaching sport in the school, main concern to the materialization a sport model only. Aims unfolding about space and time construction yet, and about the multiplicity language for to work in the school. Positions that no absolute rules, but that check the TV sport by the seduction promoted in the viewers through the aesthetics elements transmit

O processo de trabalho e a composição técnica do trabalho do enfermeiro no cuidado à saúde da criança em unidades de saúde da familia

With the trajectory that the problems related to child health are taking in our society, particularly with regard to infant mortality, beyond the process of decentralization of health and the implementation of the Family Health Strategy in the cities, where it has increased considerably performance of nursing staff in Primary Health Care, they can be considered essential factors for reflections on the care of nurse dispenses the health of these children. In order to check how it is organized the working process of the nurse in caring for these children in USFs as well as the difficulties found in the dynamics of this work, this research aimed to analyze the work processes of nurses in care Child Health in USFs, with emphasis on technologies used in producing care. This is a research exploratory and descriptive with qualitative approach, based on the theoretical reference in about Work Process and Composition Technique of Work. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 11 nurses who, at the moment, perform their functions for more than 01 year at USF. The guiding questions were based at theoretical reference. To analyze the results, was used the referential of content analysis, and was refer to thematic analysis. In situations that were involved closed questions of the interview, was used the aid of SPSS 15.0 program for Windows. The results indicated that the process of nurse work in health care of children, focuses on the preventive character, whose focus of the actions are healthy children, following the routines and protocols established by the Ministry of Health with a view to maintaining health them. When analyzing the data through theoretical references of Composition Technique of Work found that the core technologies of daily tasks of the nurse are directed for the use of technology soft-hard and hard, and the reason established between the Dead Working and Alive Working, there is prevalence of the first against the second in the production of this care. These situations contribute to the explanation of the emergence problems related to adhesion of mothers / caregivers to monitoring the CD, due to character prescriptive and normalizer of actions. The results also suggested the presence of "vanishing lines" in the make of nurses, confirming the self-governance of health professionals in daily work. These "vanishing lines" express the own execution of the Work Live in action, guided by the use of soft technologies, however, was not characterized as a process of technology transition. So, to get a better resolution to the problems related to child health, the nurse has reorganize your work process by focusing on the execution of work live in action.

Reatividade de calcários agrícolas e a relação entre os teores de cálcio e magnésio

A reatividade da fração retida entre as peneiras nºs 50-60 (ABNT) de quatro calcários, com teores relativos de óxidos de cálcio decrescentes e de óxidos de magnésio crescentes, foi avaliada incubando-os , durante 100 dias, com três solos diferentes. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições. A avaliação, feita através das variações periódicas do pH e dos teores de alumínio, cálcio e magnésio trocáveis, mostrou que a relação entre os teores de cálcio e magnésio nos calcários não influi na sua reatividade, tanto quanto à correção da acidez dos solos como ao fornecimento de cálcio e de magnésio.

Relação entre variáveis na regulação do consumo de vacas Holandês × Zebu em lactação sob pastejo em capim-elefante

A análise fatorial de componentes principais (CP) foi usada no exame do relacionamento entre variáveis de um banco de dados da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Gado de Leite. As variáveis disponíveis foram relacionadas às vacas (dias em lactação, teores lácteos de gordura e extrato seco total, produção de leite, ordem de lactação, peso vivo e grau de sangue), ao manejo (dia de pastejo, disponibilidade e períodos de descanso da pastagem), ao ambiente (estação do ano, precipitação pluviométrica) e ao alimento (consumo de nutrientes do concentrado e da cana × uréia, consumo de MS de pastagem de capim-elefante, composição química e digestibilidade in vitro da pastagem e concentração fecal de PB, FDN e FDA). O primeiro CP (33,7% da inércia dos dados) representou o uso da suplementação volumosa (cana × uréia) da pastagem em resposta à redução sazonal da disponibilidade e do consumo de capim-elefante. O segundo CP (15,3% da inércia) foi relacionado ao consumo de nutrientes do concentrado. O terceiro CP (8,5% da inércia) representou efeitos do manejo sobre a composição química da pastagem. A interpretação gráfica dos resultados favoreceu a percepção mais dinâmica da intensidade da associação e do antagonismo entre as variáveis contextualizadas no estudo.

Relação entre hábitos bucais, alterações oronasofaringianas e mal-oclusões em pré-escolares de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência das mal-oclusões e variáveis a elas associadas, como hábitos deletérios (HD) e as alterações oronasofaringianas (AO), respiração bucal, deglutição atípica e fonação atípica, em crianças com idade de três anos, no Município de Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil. A amostra constituiu-se de 291 crianças de ambos os sexos, matriculadas nos Centros de Educação Infantil, selecionadas por meio de amostragem probabilística por conglomerados. A análise de regressão logística indicou maior risco relativo (RR) de crianças com sobressaliência alterada, mordida aberta e mordida cruzada, em apresentar: respiração bucal (RR = 1,89; IC: 1,56-2,03), (RR = 2,46; IC: 2,00-3,02), (RR = 1,45; IC: 1,23-1,72); deglutição atípica (RR = 2,57; IC: 1,87-3,52), (RR = 3,49; IC: 2,53-4,81), (RR = 1,86; IC: 1,46-2,39) e fonação atípica (RR = 2,25; IC: 1,66-3,05), (RR = 3,18; IC: 2,38-4,25), (RR = 1,71; IC: 1,32-2,22), respectivamente. Foi mostrado haver associação entre sucção de dedo e de chupeta com sobressaliência alterada (p < 0,001) e sucção de chupeta e mordida aberta (p < 0,001). Esses resultados indicam que a prevalência das mal-oclusões está associada aos HD e às AO.

Práticas discursivas de regulamentação e liberdade no processo de desenvolvimento profissional: a constituição de subjetividades de professores na Revista Nova Escola

This present thesis has the object to study the discursive constitution the teacher s subjectivities of practice permeating the sections of the magazine Nova Escola between the years 2000-2005. Problematizes how the teacher s subjectivities are produced facing the discourse of truth, which effects establishes a program for autonomist professional development in a perspective of neo-liberal governmentality. Then from this uneasiness arises some requisite questions: in the new century how teacher s subjectivities are discursively produced in magazine s sections Nova Escola during those five years of governmentality? In which perspective the discourses throughout government documents in related with professional development reflect in the linguistic-discursive repertories adopted by Nova Escola? How the experts belonging to the cadre from and/or guests from the magazine, seeking equip discursive the teacher s subjectivities for the XXI Century? Therefore, this paper objective is to examine the linguistics strategies used to produce these subjectivities at magazine s sections, what it admittedly teaches another method how to be teacher; and also it analyzes the discursive practices that compound and set boundaries to the autonomist professional development proposed by sections the magazine; describe technologies used by experts to equip and conduct of conduct the teacher to govern the self. This research is inserted theoretically in the field of Applied Linguistis, to the Cultural Studies and about the contribution of Michel Foucault s theories and methodologically in the perspective discursive interpretative. The results seek to show that the teacher s subjectivities are produced by many technologies of the self, traversed by government discourses and ratified by discursive practices of the magazine s experts. That discourse, without any oppressing or authoritarian connotation, opens space for practice of Freedom and self guiding to both constitute the subjectivity process of the teacher in the XXI Century s path

Letramento literário na escola: o poema na aula de língua portuguesa no ensino médio

Esta investigación está incluida en las discusiones sobre las relaciones entre literatura y enseñanza, recortando el lugar de las escritas poéticas en las clases de Lengua Portuguesa en la Enseñanza Media. En términos epistemológicos, nuestra reflexión problematiza, entre otras cuestiones, el desplazamiento que ocurre cuando las manifestaciones literarias se apartan de sus soportes originales y se adentran a las escenas de la clase de lengua materna, transformándose en objeto de enseñanza y contenido didáctico. En el ámbito de las prácticas escolarizadas de la lectura literaria en la Enseñanza Media, nuestra reflexión tiene como objeto la didactización del género textual poema. En esa etapa de la enseñanza, el poema como componente curricular aún no está definido. Eso es ocasionado, de modo general, por dos razones: por la naturaleza específica del género y por los procedimientos didácticopedagógicos utilizados cuando se hace la lectura del poema en clase. En relación al modelo consagrado de la enseñanza de literatura en la Enseñanza Media, apoyado en la descripción de la historia de la literatura brasileña a través de esquemas cronológicos de movimientos estético-culturales, pretendemos hacer un desplazamiento en lo que respecta a ese abordaje y situar el letramiento literario a partir de las formas líricas recurrentes en la producción literaria en Brasil, en la perspectiva de la enseñanza de la lengua mediada por el estudio del texto. Para tanto, utilizaremos como aporte teórico las siguientes áreas del conocimiento: la teoría literaria, la lingüística aplicada y la pedagogía de la enseñanza de lengua materna

A Dança na Escola: um sério problema a ser resolvido

Pretendemos abordar os aspectos relacionados à Dança na Escola e pensarmos sobre uma formação continuada, a fim de discutir e refletir a elaboração de propostas de capacitação em Dança voltadas aos professores de Educação Física, principalmente no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Analisaremos a formação inicial dos professores, objetivos, conteúdos e possibilidades de aplicação da Dança no contexto educacional. Apesar do aumento das pesquisas em relação ao ensino da Dança na Escola, falta um espaço adequado e professores comprometidos com um trabalho sério, consciente e crítico, pois a hegemonia do esporte se encontra muito arraigada na cultura escolar. Uma forma de amenizar esse problema seriam cursos de capacitação, de forma permanente, voltados aos conteúdos de Dança, a fim de que esses professores possam ter vivências em práticas dançantes embasadas em uma fundamentação teórica para, assim, discutir, analisar e refletir a melhor maneira de trabalhar esta arte no âmbito escolar.

Contato corporal entre adolescentes através da dança de salão na escola

The objective of this study was to identify the reaction and perception of adolescents in relation to body contact as well as emotional expressions through ballroom dancing. Forty-two adolescents from a public elementary school in the state of São Paulo participated in the study. Data gathering was conducted in groups by filming the ballroom dance class and applying a questionnaire about the experience. The dance experience was observed to provide greater body proximity and demonstration of affection, since part of the participants reported well-being, while others reported being embarrassed by dancing with a partner from the opposite sex. It was concluded that more dance activities related to biopsychosocial development need to be offered at school since ballroom dancing can help in interaction promoting body contact and thus facilitate in the process of interpersonal relations between adolescents.

A memória de curto prazo e a síndrome de down: a relação entre contextos de desenvolvimento

Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most frequent causes of intellectual disability, affecting one in every 600 to 1000 live births. Studies have demonstrated that people with DS have a lower capacity for short-term memory (STM) and working memory (WM), which affects their capability to learn new words and to follow spoken instructions, specially when they involve multiple information or consecutive orders/orientations. It seems that the basis of the learning process, as it happens with language and mathematics comprehension and reasoning, relies in the STM and WM systems. Individuals with DS are increasingly included in mainstream education, and yet, very few researches have been conducted to investigate the influence of memory development and the type of enrollment (regular school and special school). This study investigated the relationship between the type of school enrollment with the performance on STM tests and also, the relationship of this performance with early stimulation (ES). The tests used in the first research were the digit span, free recall, word recognition and subtests of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Third Edition (WISC-III). Individuals enrolled in the regular schools group had higher scores on the digit span test and the subtests of the WISC-III. In the free recall and recognition tests, no differences were found. This study indicates that the type of enrollment might influence the memory development of individuals with DS and clearly points the need for future investigations. In the second research, the tests used were the digit span, free word recall and subtests of the WISC-III. The test results showed better performance by adults that received ES before six months of age. The studies showed improvement in STM both in people who attended or were attending regular school, as well as those who benefited from ES before six months of age. However, some issues still need to be better understood. What is the relation between this stimulation with the individual s education? Since ES may reflect a greater family involvement with the individual, what is the role of emotional components derived from this involvement in the cognitive improvement? These and other questions are part of the continuity of this study

O adolescente em conflito com a lei e a escola: criminalização e inclusão perversa

This study aims to identify the relation between adolescents in conflict with the penal law, who were convicted to assisted freedom (a socio-educative measure applied by the Juvenile Justice system as a sanction to adolescent offenders), and the school. The research was developed in the Community-based Assisted Freedom Program of Pastoral do Menor , in Fortaleza (capital city of Ceará State, Brazil). The study has engaged 21 adolescents, eight program professionals, three members of the Center for Defense of Child Rights in Ceará, five teachers and eight school principals and education managers from the schools attended by the adolescents in the neighborhoods of Pirambu, Tancredo Neves, Jardim Iracema e Bom Jardim. It intends, based on dialectical and historical method, to define the investigated adolescents as persons with a very singular insertion into the social structures of neoliberal capitalism. Their adolescence is subject to consumerism appeals, to the limits imposed by these appeals and to perverse ways of insertion in the system, such as criminalization, segregation and marginalization. It reveals that the school attended by the adolescents reproduces such conditions of insertion. At the same time, these conditions are elements of identity, by which the adolescents are characterized.

A escola enquanto espaço privilegiado de construção de "meninos de verdade" :concepções e valores atribuidos a essa instituição por crianças pobres

The intention of this study was to identify the school conception (conceptions) in the discourse of poor children. There were inquired two groups of subjects: the first was composed of children that inserted precociously themselves into the work market and must to go to school because they take part in one of the governmental programs, called, minimum income programs. The second will be composed of children that live in the poorest district in Natal/RN city. And don´t have obligatoriness to go to school. Thus, thematics like precocious work, minimum income program, capitalism, neoliberalism was aproached in our discussion. We also intended to make a illustrate with Pinochio Adventures fable, because its conception school is similar like real official discourse school from everybody. In cited narrative, the character Gepeto didn t know what s a truth child but knows that exist a place in city where his maledoll Pinochio would be one the school. Thus, this institution was destine by the justice and politics from Gepetos s city how children right. Pinochio, in the book s end, to be transformed himself in a truth child because learned in school responsible and goodness behaviors. To uphold our inquiry we used the Content Analysis and socio-historical perspectives. The result showed that the children know that exist differents schools: yours and other, to rich class. Their school is admited like good, it is a study place, it isn´t disorders place; and also make propotional to social ascencion. The children s discourses is similar to capitalism s discourse

A produção das desigualdades: análise da relação entre trabalho infantil e indicadores sociais

The International Labor Organization (OIT) estimates that there are around 118 million children subjected to child labor around the world. In Brazil, there are 3.5 million workers aged between 5 and 17. This exploitation practice constitutes a serious social problem, including of Public Health, since these workers are exposed to a wide range of risks, such as those related to health, physical integrity and even to life, which may cause them to become sick adults and/or interrupt their lives prematurely. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the relationship between the frequency of child labor in the age group of 10 to 13 years and some socio-economic indicators. It is a quantitative research in an ecological study whose levels of analysis are the Brazilian municipalities grouped in 161 regions, defined from socioeconomic criteria. The dependent variable of this study was the prevalence of child labor in the age group of 10 to 13 years. The independent variables were selected after a correlation between the 2010 Census of child labor in the age group of 10 to 13 years and secondary data had been conducted, adopting two main independent variables: funds from the Family Allowance Program (PBF) per 1,000 inhabitants and Funds from the Child Labor Eradication Program (PETI) per a thousand inhabitants. Initially, it was conducted a descriptive analysis of the variables of the study, then, a bivariate analysis, and the correlation matrix was built. At last, the Multiple Linear Regression stratified analysis was performed. The results of this survey indicate that public policies , like the Bolsa Familia Program Features per 1000 inhabitants and Resources Program for the Eradication of Child Labour to be allocated to municipalities with HDI < 0.697 represent a decrease in the rate of child labor ; These programs have the resources to be invested in municipalities with HDI > = 0.697 have no effect on the rate of child labor. Other adjustment variables showed significance, among these the municipal Human Development Index (IDH), years of schooling at 18 years of age, illiteracy at 15 years of age or more, employees without employment contract at 18 years of age and the Gini Index. It is understood that the child labor issue is complex. The problem is associated, although not restricted to, poverty, the social exclusion and inequality that exist in Brazil, but other factors of cultural and economic nature, as well as of organization of production, also account for its aggravation. Fighting child labor involves a wide intersectoral articulation, shared and integrated with several public policies, among them health, sports, culture, agriculture, labor and human rights, with a view to guaranteeing the integrality of the rights of children and adolescents in situation of labor and of their respective families

Modelos de tomada de decisão e sua relação com a informação orgânica

O processo decisório compreende a aplicação de diferentes modelos de tomada de decisão, cada um deles pertinente a uma determinada situação. Entre eles, destacamos como principais os modelos racional, processual, anárquico e político. Para este trabalho, utilizamos os conceitos de Choo (2003), por se tratar de uma das principais obras a respeito do tema existente na literatura e, assim, analisamos cada um dos modelos propostos pelo autor. A partir da análise dos modelos, foi possível estabelecer relações entre eles e maneira pela qual a informação orgânica - produzida internamente à organização, participa do processo decisório, mais especificamente no âmbito de cada modelo. Por último, a partir das inferências realizadas, propomos um novo modelo de tomada de decisão, cuja base de sustentação é a informação orgânica.