O âmbito de aplicação material da legislação de proteção de dados pessoais e o tratamento de imagem por pessoa singular

Images have gained a never before seen importance. Technological changes have given the Information Society extraordinary means to capture, treat and transmit images, wheter your own or those of others, with or without a commercial purpose, with no boundaries of time or country, without “any kind of eraser”. From the several different ways natural persons may engage in image processing with no commercial purpose, the cases of sharing pictures through social networks and video surveillance assume particular relevance. Consequently there are growing legitimate concerns with the protection of one's image, since its processing may sometimes generate situations of privacy invasion or put at risk other fundamental rights. With this in mind, the present thesis arises from the question: what are the existent legal instruments in Portuguese Law that enable citizens to protect themselves from the abusive usage of their own pictures, whether because that image have been captured by a smartphone or some video surveillance camera, whether because it was massively shared through a blog or some social network? There is no question the one's right to not having his or her image used in an abusive way is protected by the Portuguese constitution, through the article 26th CRP, as well as personally right, under the article 79th of the Civil Code, and finally through criminal law, articles 192nd and 193rd of the Criminal Code. The question arises in the personal data protection context, considering that one's picture, given certain conditions, is personal data. Both the Directive 95/46/CE dated from 1995 as well as the LPD from 1998 are applicable to the processing of personal data, but both exclude situations of natural persons doing so in the pursuit of activities strictly personal or family-related. These laws demand complex procedures to natural persons, such as the preemptive formal authorisation request to the Data Protection National Commission. Failing to do so a natural person may result in the application of fines as high as €2.500,00 or even criminal charges. Consequently, the present thesis aims to study if the image processing with no commercial purposes by a natural person in the context of social networks or through video surveillance belongs to the domain of the existent personal data protection law. To that effect, it was made general considerations regarding the concept of video surveillance, what is its regimen, in a way that it may be distinguishable from Steve Mann's definition of sousveillance, and what are the associated obligations in order to better understand the concept's essence. The application of the existent laws on personal data protection to images processing by natural persons has been analysed taking into account the Directive 95/46/CE, the LPD and the General Regulation. From this analysis it is concluded that the regimen from 1995 to 1998 is out of touch with reality creating an absence of legal shielding in the personal data protection law, a flaw that doesn't exist because compensated by the right to image as a right to personality, that anyway reveals the inability of the Portuguese legislator to face the new technological challenges. It is urgent to legislate. A contrary interpretation will evidence the unconstitutionality of several rules on the LPD due to the obligations natural persons are bound to that violate the right to the freedom of speech and information, which would be inadequate and disproportionate. Considering the recently approved General Regulation and in the case it becomes the final version, the use for natural person of video surveillance of private spaces, Google Glass (in public and private places) and other similar gadgets used to recreational purposes, as well as social networks are subject to its regulation only if the images are shared without limits or existing commercial purposes. Video surveillance of public spaces in all situations is subject to General Regulation provisions.

Unilever food solutions new digital CRM platform- what is the combination of tools, processes and content that will help Unilever food solutions grow his business?

Unilever Food Solutions new digital CRM1 Platform - What is the combination of tools, processes and content that will help Unilever Food Solutions grow his business? Unilever Food Solutions (UFS) intend to create a new online platform to enable it to communicate with segments of the markets, which have previously been too difficult to reach. Specifically targeted at Chefs and other food professionals, the aim is to create an interactive website, which delivers value to its intended users by providing a variety of relevant content and functions, while simultaneously opening up a potential transactional channel to those same users.

The global shopper & brands communication at airports

This project aims to illuminate two perspectives on travel retail. On the one hand, it describes the main character of the shopping scenario at airports, namely the Global Shopper. It covers the entire profile of the referred character, the main nationalities that represent him and the current shopping trends of the passenger. Also estimates of the booming nationalities and the future purchasing trends are accurately presented. On the other hand, the travel retail market is analyzed from the airport brands’ perspective. It is described what is currently done in terms of brands communication in the top ten airports around the world and the expected future market retail trends. To accurately explore the Global Shopper behavior and purchasing preferences, a market research was conducted with a sample of 128 respondents, male and female, from different nationalities, age groups, occupation and education backgrounds. The essay tests hypothesis regarding the relevance of several variables in the purchasing process of the Global Shopper in order to understand the most pleasant way to approach consumers in travel retail. The main variables studied concern the reasons to shop at airports, to whom the passenger shops, the preferred category and brand of purchase, feelings while shopping abroad, impulsive buying behavior, brand loyalty, the use of mobile devices in the shopping process, brands communication at airports, pre-ordering online and the attitude towards self-service stores. Some findings were in accordance with expectations, while others were a surprise and may produce valuable recommendations for future travel retail practices. 4 The main relevant results concern two areas, namely pre-ordering online and self-service stores. Results showed a certain stress about not having enough time to choose between the various offerings in travel retail, as well as difficulty in dealing with crowed stores. However, pre-ordering online was not common, which would be an initiative that could solve the discomfort at airport’s stores. Moreover, self-service would promote efficiency in stores allowing passengers to save time if they already know how to go through the shopping process by themselves. Another possible recommendation concerns differentiating the strategy in travel retail for the two genders. Some differences were found in the categories bought by male and female, as well as to how brands should shape their approach concerning the demands of each gender.

Developing a gamification system to increase customer lifetime value at MyGon

There have never been so many touch points between companies and consumers as there are today, which paradoxically makes it very challenging for companies to be able to retain and engage customers. Gamification is a strategy used by a large number of companies to increase customer engagement and customer lifetime value. This work aims at developing a gamification system for MyGon, a Portuguese startup working in the market of discounts and experiences. In addition to examining the literature concerning gamification, its elements and characteristics, recommendations were developed for addressing MyGon’s business goals of increasing conversion and customer engagement. The gamification mechanisms suggested include badges, missions, points, leaderboards and levels.

O sexo e a Cidade e as marcas: análise dos efeitos do product placement nos jovens portugueses

Dissertação de Mestrado em Comunicação Social

Membrane potential dynamics of neocortical projection neurons driving target-specific signals.

Primary sensory cortex discriminates incoming sensory information and generates multiple processing streams toward other cortical areas. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unknown. Here, by making whole-cell recordings in primary somatosensory barrel cortex (S1) of behaving mice, we show that S1 neurons projecting to primary motor cortex (M1) and those projecting to secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) have distinct intrinsic membrane properties and exhibit markedly different membrane potential dynamics during behavior. Passive tactile stimulation evoked faster and larger postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) in M1-projecting neurons, rapidly driving phasic action potential firing, well-suited for stimulus detection. Repetitive active touch evoked strongly depressing PSPs and only transient firing in M1-projecting neurons. In contrast, PSP summation allowed S2-projecting neurons to robustly signal sensory information accumulated during repetitive touch, useful for encoding object features. Thus, target-specific transformation of sensory-evoked synaptic potentials by S1 projection neurons generates functionally distinct output signals for sensorimotor coordination and sensory perception.

Relevance of cohort studies for the study of transplant infectious diseases.

The debate on the merits of observational studies as compared with randomized trials is ongoing. We will briefly touch on this subject, and demonstrate the role of cohort studies for the description of infectious disease patterns after transplantation. The potential benefits of cohort studies for the clinical management of patients outside of the expected gain in epidemiological knowledge are reviewed. The newly established Swiss Transplantation Cohort Study and in particular the part focusing on infectious diseases will serve as an illustration. A neglected area of research is the indirect value of large, multicenter cohort studies. These benefits can range from a deepened collaboration to the development of common definitions and guidelines. Unfortunately, very few data exist on the role of such indirect effects on improving quality of patient management. This review postulates an important role for cohort studies, which should not be viewed as inferior but complementary to established research tools, in particular randomized trials. Randomized trials remain the least bias-prone method to establish knowledge regarding the significance of diagnostic or therapeutic measures. Cohort studies have the power to reflect a real-world situation and to pinpoint areas of knowledge as well as of uncertainty. Prerequisite is a prospective design requiring a set of inclusive data coupled with the meticulous insistence on data retrieval and quality.

Recueil de pièces concernant les affaires d'État, en Allemagne, Pologne, Suède, Danemarck.

Contient : 1 « Traicté sur le dessein du feu roy Henry quatriesme pour l'entreprise de l'Empire, et advis de Rome sur cela, et les 3 harangues qui lui furent faictes par ses plus confidens conseillers » ; 2 Extraict du livre intitulé : « Respublica et status regni Hungariae, imprimé à Leyden, l'an 1634 » ; 3 « Discours de la capitulation faicte avec le comte Jean Philippes du Rhin, le vingt sixiesme jour d'aoust 1568 » ; 4 « Memoire envoié par le roy au Sr Schomberg, envoié de la part de Sa Majesté vers les princes de la Germanie, pour faire entendre ausdictz princes la mort de l'admiral Chastillon, arrivée à Paris, le vingt cinquiesme aoust 1572 » ; 5 « Instruction de monsieur de Schomberg, pour son voiage d'Allemagne, en 1616. Ladicle instruction porte que ledict Sr de Schomberg dissipera toutes les intelligences qu'il pourra apprendre estre faictes contre la France » ; 6 « Exemples des mariages des roys de France avec des filles d'Espagne » ; 7 « Pensions. Denombrement de ceux qui ont touché argent du roy » ; 8 « Declaration de HENRY, esleu roy de Pologne, sur certains articles concernant ledict royaume » ; 9 « Diverses Instructions aux ambassadeurs de Sa Majesté Tres Chrestienne envoiez en Allemagne en 1598, 1599 » ; 10 « Instruction à Mr de Boisdauphin, ambassadeur vers l'Empereur en Allemagne, en 1610 » ; 11 « Instruction au sieur de Monglas, allant en Allemagne, sur le subject du duc de Bouillon, en l'an 1606 » ; 12 « Instruction au sieur de Saincte Catherine, allant en Allemagne, 1609 » ; 13 « Instruction au sieur de Bongars, allant en Allemagne, en l'année 1609 » ; 14 « Autre Instruction au dict sieur de Bongars, allant en Allemagne, 1609 » ; 15 « Instruction au sieur de Widemar, allant à Cleves et Juilliers, en Allemagne, en 1609 » ; 16 « Instruction au sieur de La Boderie, allant en Allemagne, 1609 » ; 17 « Instruction au sieur de Baugy, s'en allant à la cour de l'Empereur » ; 18 « Instruction au Sr d'Arambures, allant en Allemagne, en l'année 1610 » ; 19 « Instruction et pouvoir au Sr de Boissise, pour traicter avec les princes et Estatz d'Allemagne, touchant les dioceses de Juilliers et de Cleves, en 1610 » ; 20 « Instruction aux sieurs de La Vieuville et president de Selve, allans en la ville d'Aix la Chapelle, en Allemagne, en 1611 » ; 21 « Instruction au duc de Bouillon, allant conduire à Heydelbergh l'electeur palatin, en octobre 1610 » ; 22 « Instruction au mareschal de La Chastre, conducteur de l'armée du roy au païs de Juilliers, au mois de juin 1610 » ; 23 « Instruction au duc des Deux Pons, s'en retournant en Allemagne, en juillet 1610 » ; 24 « Instruction de monsieur de Monglaz, s'en allant en Allemagne. A Paris, le 1er febvrier 1606 » ; 25 « Instruction au Sr de La Boissise, s'en allant en Allemagne pour le service du roy. A Paris, le 29e de decembre 1609 » ; 26 « Teneur d'une lettre portée par ledict sieur de Boissise aux electeurs de l'Empereur, de la part du roy » ; 27 « Instruction baillée au Sr de Rambures, s'en allant à Liege pour le faict du roy. A Paris, le 27 apvril 1610 » ; 28 « Instruction au sieur de Lussan, maistre d'hostel du roy, envoié par Sa Majesté en Allemagne vers Mr le duc de Virtemberg. 15 mars 1560 » ; 29 Bref du pape GREGOIRE XV à l'électeur de Trèves, Lothaire de Metternich. 8 janvier 1622 ; 30 « Manifeste de l'empereur FERDINAND II, envoié aux princes de la chrestienté, touchant la guerre de Boheme » ; 31 « Articles faicts par le comte palatin [FREDERIC V] sur les presentes affaires d'Allemagne » ; 32 « Declaration de l'empereur FERDINAND II, par laquelle l'electeur palatin est sommé de poser les armes, quitter et abandonner le royaume de Boheme et les provinces incorporées, 30 apvril 1620 » ; 33 « Lettre de monsieur le duc de Baviere [MAXIMILIEN Ier], escrite au prince electeur de Mayence [Jean Suicard], sur la deffaicte de l'armée du prince palatin et prise de Prague, du 9 novembre 1620 » ; 34 « Le Serment que Bethleem Gabor, prince de la Transilvanie, a faict au Turc, en la ville de Cassovie, 24 aoust 1620 » ; 35 « Serment de l'empereur des Turcs, faict en la ville de Constantinople à Bethleem Gabor » ; 36 « Conclusion de la paix arrestée entre le roy de Pologne et le Turc, 2 octobre 1621 » ; 37 « Traicté de paix entre l'empereur Ferdinand II et Christian IV, roy de Dannemark, conclud et arresté à Lubek, en l'année 1629. Ensemble le traicté de Ratisbonne, 1630 » ; 38 « Traicté de confederation à Hailbron, le 23 d'apvril 1633, entre la roine et couronne de Suede, d'une part, et les princes et autres estatz evangeliques des provinces electorales du Rhin, de Franconie, de Sueve et de la haute province du Rhin, contre l'Empereur et la Ligue catholique » ; 39 « Resolution de l'assemblée d'Halberstat, 17 febvrier 1634 » ; 40 « Assemblées de Francfort, 1639 » ; 41 « Lettre envoiée à Sa Majesté imperiale, contenant les remonstrances de l'assemblée de Leipsich, 18 mars 1631 » ; 42 « Mandement imperial contre les electeurs, princes et estatz protestans qui se sont trouvez à la dicte assemblée de Leipsich, ou ont approuvé les resolutions qui y ont esté prises » ; 43 « Prise de plusieurs places appartenantes aux electeurs de Mayence, Cologne, etc., par le roy de Suede » ; 44 « Capitulation conclue et accordée entre le roy de Suede, d'une part, et le gouverneur de la forteresse d'Oppenheim, de l'autre, sur la reddition dudict lieu, le 17 de decembre 1631 » ; 45 « Declaration de l'archevesque de Treves [Philippe Christophe de Sotern], par laquelle il accepte l'assistance royale de Louis XIII contre les perturbateurs de ses Estats » ; 46 « Pouvoir donné par l'Empereur au duc de Fridlant, comte de Valstein, comme à son general d'armée, 1632 » ; 47 « Resolution des estatz generaux du royaume de Suede, deliberée, conclue et publiée du consentement unanime des conseillers et estatz du royaume, en l'assemblée de Stokolme, le 14 mars 1633 » ; 48 « Extraict de la plaincte et remonstrance faicte avec zele et ferveur par Sa royale Majesté de Suede à ses gens de guerre et aux chefz qui leur commandoient soubz luy » ; 49 « De la Bataille de Leipsich, où mourut le roy de Suede vainqueur » ; 50 « Abbregé du discours du roy de Suede, faict aux princes, seigneurs et colonelz qui sont en sa cour, apres que son cheval eust esté tué soubz luy, par un coup de canon, dont un autre emporta la teste au marquis de Durlach » ; 51 « Traicté de Louis XIII, roy de France, avec Philippes Christophle, archevesque de Treves, electeur et evesque de Spire, par lequel le roy s'oblige d'assister le dict electeur contre ceux qui le voudront opprimer et, de plus, de faire sortir desdictz archevesché et evesché les gens de guerre du roy de Suede. A Erhmestein, le 9 apvril, l'an 1632 » ; 52 « Assemblée de Hailbron, 1633 » ; 53 « Copia litterarum ad imperatorem Ferdinandum II a CHRISTIANO IV°, Daniae rege, transmissarum. Copenhagae, 10 decembris 1633 » ; 54 « Traicté entre le roy Louis XIII et les princes et estatz protestans des cercles et provinces electorales de Franconie, Suave et du Rhin. A Francfort, 15 de septembre 1633 » ; 55 « Traicté de confederation de Louis XIII, roy de France, avec le duc de Virtemberg et autres princes d'Allemagne. A Paris, l'an 1634, le 1 novembre » ; 56 « Traicté de Louis XIII, roy de France, avec la ville imperiale de Colmar, qu'il prend en sa protection. Ruelle, 1 aoust 1635 » ; 57 « Traicté de confederation entre Louis XIII, roy de France, et Guillaume, landgrave de Hessen. A Wezel, le 21 octobre 1636 » ; 58 « Accord entre le roy de Pologne et le duc de Prusse sur l'imposition nouvellement establie audict duché de Prusse, 1638 » ; 59 « Traicté de confederation entre le roy Louis XIII et la landgrave de Hessen. A Dorsten, le 22e jour d'aoust 1639 » ; 60 « Declaration de la part de la landgrave de Hessen sur le traicté precedent de l'an 1639, le 22e aoust, faicte à Sainct Germain en Laye, le 22e mars 1640 » ; 61 « Autre Declaration de la part de ladicte landgrave de Hesse, sur ledict traicté de l'année 1639. A Sainct Germain en Laye, le 22e de mars 1640 » ; 62 « Pour la Souveraineté et jurisdiction du roy ez villes de Metz, Toul et Verdun » ; 63 « Les Circonstances de la mort du vice roy d'Irlande, sa harangue sur l'eschaffaut et la relation de plusieurs affaires d'importance traictées au parlement d'Angleterre » ; 64 « Regni Sueciae statuum decreta, condita in comitiis Stokholmiensibus, die 24 decembris 1627 » ; 65 « Regni Sueciae ordinum decreta, condita et conclusa in comitiis Stockholmensibus, die decima quarta martii anno 1633 » ; 66 « Origo Suecorum et Gothorum » ; 67 « Comitia in regno Sueciae, habita in urbe Nordkopiana, 22 martii anno.MDCIV » ; 68 « Danici cujusdam ministri fidelis ad regem suum super hodierno publicarum rerum statu relatio et consultatio, MDCXLV » ; 69 « Capita 9, 10, 11 et 12 libri octo Paraenesis ad sectarios Joannis Barclaii, quae desunt in omnibus editionibus » ; 70 « Epistola ad illustrissimum et reverendissimum cardinalem Lotharingum, 5° idus aug. 1572. NICOLAUS SANDERUS » ; 71 « Epistola ad illustri[ssi]mum et reverendissimum cardinalem Lotharingicum, XXa octob. 1572 » ; 72 « Troubles d'Ecosse et d'Angleterre, 1638 » ; 73 « Lettre escripte d'Edimbourg en Escosse par un des principaux autheurs de la rebellion »

Effect of combined care nursing on patient satisfaction, staff satisfaction, and quality of care /

This research evaluates the effect of combined care nursing on three outcomes: i) patient satisfaction; ii) staff satisfaction; and iii) quality of care. Oakville-Trafalgar Memorial Hospital was in the early planning stages of changing to combined care nursing from the traditional method of providing separate postpartum and nursery care to mothers and babies. The opportunity existed to evaluate formally the change to combined care. There were three hypotheses to be investigated. Data were collected from four sources: patient surveys, staff surveys, informal interviews, and internal hospital documents. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed. The surveys were administered on three different occasions to patients and staff. Other sources of data included informal interviews with patients and staff who responded to the surveys, and chart audits.The study findings revealed that the majority of respondents had increased levels of satisfaction and perceptions of increased quality of care following implementation of combined care. These findings, related to combined care and the role of change in its implementation and evaluation, indicate that there are no right or easy answers about how to make new ideas become reality in a smooth, pleasant way.

Cytosolic calcium levels and stress induced y-amino butyrate synthesis in asparagus mesophyll cells

Numerous investigations have demonstrated large increases in y-amino butyrate (GABA) levels in response to a variety of stresses such as touch or cold shock (Wallace et ale 1984) Circumstantial evidence indicating a role of Ca2 + in these increases includes elevated Ca2+ levels in response to touch and cold shock (Knight et ale 1991), and the demonstration of a calmodulin binding domain on glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis (Baum et al 1993) In the present study the possible role of Ca2+ and calmodulin in stimulation of GAD and subsequent GABA accumulation was examined using asparagus mesophyll cells. Images of cells loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-3 revealed a rapid and transient increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in response to cold shock. GABA levels increased by 106% within 15 min. of cold shock. This increase was inhibited 70% by the calmodulin antagonist W7, and 42% by the Ca2+ channel blocker La3+.. Artificial elevation of intracellular Ca2+ by the Ca2+ionophore A23187 resulted in an 61% increase in GABA levels. Stimulation of GABA synthesis by ABA resulted in an 83% increase in GABA levels which was inhibited 55% by W7. These results support the hypothesis that cold shock stimulates Ca2+ entry into the cytosol of the cells which results in Ca2+/calmodulin mediated activation of GAD and consequent GABA synthesis.

John W. Fisher Fonds, 1937-1961, 1964-1989, 1993, n.d.

Norah and Fred Fisher welcomed John Fisher into the world on November 29, 1912, not knowing what an influential role he would play in shaping Canada's history. John Fisher grew up as the middle child of five brothers and sisters in Frosty Hollow, New Brunswick, close to today’s town of Sackville. Sackville’s main industry was the Enterprise Foundry which the Fisher family owned and operated; however, Fisher had no plans of going into the family business. He was more inspired by his maternal grandfather, Dr. Cecil Wiggins, who lived with the family after retiring from the Anglican ministry. Wiggins encouraged all his grandchildren to be well read and to take part in discussions on current events. There were often visitors in the Fisher household taking part in discussions about politics, religion, and daily life. Fisher forced himself to take part in these conversations to help overcome his shyness in social settings. These conversations did help with his shyness and also in forming many opinions and observations about Canada. It put Fisher on the road to becoming Mr. Canada and delivering the many eloquent speeches for which he was known. Fisher did not venture far from home to complete his first degree. In 1934 he graduated from Mount Allison University in Sackville, NB with an Arts degree. The same year Fisher enrolled in Dalhousie’s law school. During his time at Dalhousie, Fisher discovered radio through Hugh Mills. Mills or “Uncle Mel” was on CHNS, Halifax’s only radio station at the time. Fisher began by making appearences on the radio drama show. By 1941 he had begun writing and broadcasting his own works and joined the staff as an announcer and continuity writer. In 1936 the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation was formed, the first National radio station. Fisher joined the CBC shortly after it’s beginning and remained with them, as well as the Halifax Herald newspaper, even after his law school graduation in 1937. By 1943 Fisher’s talks became a part of the CBC’s programming for a group of maritime radio stations. Fisher once described his talks as follows “my talks weren’t meant to be objective. . . they were meant to be favourable. They were ‘pride builders’” He began his famed John Fisher Reports at CBC Toronto when he transfered there shortly after the war. This program brought emmence pride to the fellow Canadians he spoke about leading to approximately 3500 requests per year to speak at banquets and meeting throughout Canada and the United States. Fisher was a well travelled indivdual who would draw on personal experiences to connect with his audience. His stories were told in simple, straight forward language for anyone to enjoy. He became a smooth, dynamic and passionate speaker who sold Canada to Canadians. He became a renowned journalist, folk historian, writer and broadcaster. Fisher was able to reach a vast array of people through his radio work and build Canadian pride, but he did not stop there. Other ways Fisher has contributed to Canada and the Canadian people include: Honoured by five Canadian Universities. 1956, became the Director of the Canadian Tourist Association. 1961, was appointed Special Assistant to the Prime Minister of Canada. 1963, Commissioner of the Centennial Commission (the Federal Agency Responsible for Canada’s 100th birthday) 1968, received the Service Medal , a coveted Order of Canada. President of John Fisher Enterprises Ltd., private consultant work, specializing in Centennial planning, broadcasts, lectures and promotion. John Fisher continued recording radio broadcasts even after his diagnosis with cancer. He would record 3 or 4 at a time so he was free to travel across Canada, the U.S., Europe and Mexico in search of treatments. Fisher passed away from the disease on February 15, 1981 and he is buried at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto.

Charles Larned letter, April 3, 1813.

Charles Larned (1791-1834) was a lawyer and American military officer who served during the War of 1812. He was the son of Simon Larned (1753-1817), who served as a captain in the Revolutionary War and was a member of the United States Congress from Massachusetts from 1804-1805. Charles studied law in the office of Henry Clay in Kentucky, and was dining with a group of prominent citizens when word was received that General William Henry Harrison could soon be overpowered by General Henry Proctor. Colonel Owen, a member of the group, organized a regiment to reinforce Harrison’s troops. Larned became a member and subsequently survived the River Raisin Massacre and was later present at the Battle of the Thames. He was also part of a group of men who learned of General William Hull’s plan to surrender Detroit to the British and planned to overtake him should this occur. However, the plan failed, Hull did surrender and the men became prisoners of the British. After the war, Larned became a lawyer, and served as Attorney General of Michigan Territory during the Black Hawk War. During the cholera epidemic of 1834, he worked tirelessly to assist others, but was stricken with the disease and died. Letter Transcription: Pittsfield, April 8, 1813 I think that by this time my dear Charles you will allow I have some reason to give you a gentle reprimand for breach of duty—but I will not censure you upon suspicion maybe you have substantial reasons—at any rate one cannot very graciously reproach the other for negligence I for one am healthy as ham & that we have so seldom exchanged letters during your absence & on my honor promise to be a better girl in future—but the truth is my Dear Charles I am secretary for the Family—Mama you know never writes & James but seldom & they are all dispersed in different directions, consequently I have many calls upon my time—this to be sure is a pleasant duty & I urge it only as a slight palliation for my remissness if you should consider it as such—now I have finished my preface—I will try to be more interesting & doubtless I succeed. Our dear Father we hope & trust is now in Green Bush, where he will probably remain a month perhaps & from thence he expects to go to Sacket’s harbor—at which place you know our troops are fast collecting-- We shall hope to see him either here or there before he goes. Brother George I believe is [still] at Plattsburgh but expects soon to be removed to some other military part perhaps with Papa (I hope so at least). We have just got letters from Brothers Sylvester & Joseph at Middlebury—they are in good health. Mama has for some weeks been afflicted with an inflammation in her eyes but seems now to be convalescing. Sister Martha has been somewhat unwell for a few weeks but is now tolerably recovered. James & myself are both in our usual good health & at this time seated by the same stand, one reading, the other writing. Thus my Dear Charles have I given you an abstract history of our Family—but here indeed is a wonderful omission; not a word about Miss Harriet Hunt, who in truth ought to have been noted first but the last she’s not the least in my memory. She is much grown since you saw her, but does not speak as fluently as we could wish—a few word she can say. Probably before this you have been informed of the great loss your friend Sherrill has sustained in the death of his mother—also of the revolution that has taken place in Hackbridge as it respects the religion & morality of the place that more than one hundred on the plain have become religious converts & c—indeed I am at a loss what to say that will afford your pleasure—a narrative at this time must be gloomy indeed. The distressing situation of our country at this time would make almost any recital melancholy. The prevailing epidemic has swept off many of your acquaintance no doubt. Mrs. Dewey of Williamstown, the sister of Mrs. Danforth, has left a Husband, Children & many Friends sincerely to lament her loss—some few have died in our village, but we have escaped astonishingly –it has raged in every town about us--If we are unwilling to acknowledge a God in his mercies. I fear she shall be compelled to do it in the awfulness of his judgments.--------I am much [pleased] with our new neighbors the Parsons Wife & a Miss Woodward her cousin is a fine girl, I think, Mrs. Allen has not a handsome face but something in her manner that interests one her person I think the handsomest I ever saw & the Parson seems well pleased with his selection—Mrs. Ripley is with them this winter & will probably remain thro the summer—Her husband at [Sackett’s Harbor] little or no alteration is apparent since her marriage—she seems as gay & fond of company as ever.-------Mrs. [McKnight] it is expected will commence housekeeping in about three weeks in the house formerly occupied by Mr…. [Report] says that Mr. Goodman & Clarissa Weller are soon to be married & many other things that I must omit to mention for Mama wants a… PS reserved--now my Dear Charles remember you are considerably… & I am confident you have as much leisure as I have –… be ceremonious but write whenever I find time not & I beg… the same – I tell James I shall not send his love for he must write himself. I shall anxiously expect you to write & do not disappoint your affectionate, sister--H One word my Dear Charles from your affectionate Mother who longs to see Her Dear son Charles—but being deprived of that rich blessing at present—begs Him so to conduct that she may hope for it ere long—do you search the Scriptures and keep the Sabbath holy unto the Lord—and all the sacred Commandments of God—it is my ardent desire…He would protect, support and provide for your soul and body and believe me your affectionate friend and Mother. R Larned.

Photograph - William Bliss Carman and Miss M. B. Stevenson, September 1927

A photograph of poet William Bliss Carman and M. B. Stevenson in New Canaan, Connecticut. The photograph from September 1927 was sent to fellow poet Ethelwyn Wetherald in 1932. It was included in a four page letter from Carman to Wetherald. Carman, also Canadian, spent most of his years in the United States, but in his letter he mentions that he "regrets" he cannot keep in closer touch with his fellow Canadian poets.

Letter - Julia Child to Donald Ziraldo, 1991

A letter from Julia Child to Donald Ziraldo dated 11 April 1991. Child thanks Ziraldo for making her trip to Toronto "pleasant".

Charles Larned letter - April 3, 1813

Letter Transcription: Pittsfield, April 8, 1813 I think that by this time my dear Charles you will allow I have some reason to give you a gentle reprimand for breach of duty—but I will not censure you upon suspicion maybe you have substantial reasons—at any rate one cannot very graciously reproach the other for negligence I for one am healthy as ham & that we have so seldom exchanged letters during your absence & on my honor promise to be a better girl in future—but the truth is my Dear Charles I am secretary for the Family—Mama you know never writes & James but seldom & they are all dispersed in different directions, consequently I have many calls upon my time—this to be sure is a pleasant duty & I urge it only as a slight palliation for my remissness if you should consider it as such—now I have finished my preface—I will try to be more interesting & doubtless I succeed. Our dear Father we hope & trust is now in Green Bush, where he will probably remain a month perhaps & from thence he expects to go to Sacket’s harbor—at which place you know our troops are fast collecting-- We shall hope to see him either here or there before he goes. Brother George I believe is [still] at Plattsburgh but expects soon to be removed to some other military part perhaps with Papa (I hope so at least). We have just got letters from Brothers Sylvester & Joseph at Middlebury—they are in good health. Mama has for some weeks been afflicted with an inflammation in her eyes but seems now to be convalescing. Sister Martha has been somewhat unwell for a few weeks but is now tolerably recovered. James & myself are both in our usual good health & at this time seated by the same stand, one reading, the other writing. Thus my Dear Charles have I given you an abstract history of our Family—but here indeed is a wonderful omission; not a word about Miss Harriet Hunt, who in truth ought to have been noted first but the last she’s not the least in my memory. She is much grown since you saw her, but does not speak as fluently as we could wish—a few word she can say. Probably before this you have been informed of the great loss your friend Sherrill has sustained in the death of his mother—also of the revolution that has taken place in Hackbridge as it respects the religion & morality of the place that more than one hundred on the plain have become religious converts & c—indeed I am at a loss what to say that will afford your pleasure—a narrative at this time must be gloomy indeed. The distressing situation of our country at this time would make almost any recital melancholy. The prevailing epidemic has swept off many of your acquaintance no doubt. Mrs. Dewey of Williamstown, the sister of Mrs. Danforth, has left a Husband, Children & many Friends sincerely to lament her loss—some few have died in our village, but we have escaped astonishingly –it has raged in every town about us--If we are unwilling to acknowledge a God in his mercies. I fear she shall be compelled to do it in the awfulness of his judgments.--------I am much [pleased] with our new neighbors the Parsons Wife & a Miss Woodward her cousin is a fine girl, I think, Mrs. Allen has not a handsome face but something in her manner that interests one her person I think the handsomest I ever saw & the Parson seems well pleased with his selection—Mrs. Ripley is with them this winter & will probably remain thro the summer—Her husband at [Sackett’s Harbor] little or no alteration is apparent since her marriage—she seems as gay & fond of company as ever.-------Mrs. [McKnight] it is expected will commence housekeeping in about three weeks in the house formerly occupied by Mr…. [Report] says that Mr. Goodman & Clarissa Weller are soon to be married & many other things that I must omit to mention for Mama wants a… PS reserved--now my Dear Charles remember you are considerably… & I am confident you have as much leisure as I have –… be ceremonious but write whenever I find time not & I beg… the same – I tell James I shall not send his love for he must write himself. I shall anxiously expect you to write & do not disappoint your affectionate, sister--H One word my Dear Charles from your affectionate Mother who longs to see Her Dear son Charles—but being deprived of that rich blessing at present— begs Him so to conduct that she may hope for it ere long—do you search the Scriptures and keep the Sabbath holy unto the Lord—and all the sacred Commandments of God—it is my ardent desire…He would protect, support and provide for your soul and body and believe me your affectionate friend and Mother. R Larned.