Treatment of cancer with oral drugs: a position statement by the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology

Cancer treatment involves the participation of multiple medical specialties and, as our knowledge of the disease increases, this fact becomes even more apparent. The degree of multidisciplinarity is determined by several factors, which include the severity and type of disease, the increasing diversity in the available pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies, and the range of specialists involved in cancer therapy, such as medical oncologists, radiotherapists, gynecologists, gastroenterologists, urologists, surgeons, and pneumologists, among others. Across Europe, the situation of cancer care can be variable due to the diversity of health systems, differences in drug reimbursement, and the degree of establishment of Medical Oncology as a medical specialty in the European Union states.

Detectings low introgression of invasive alleles in an extensively restocked game bird

Interbreeding of two species in the wild implies introgression of alleles from one species into the other only when admixed individuals survive and successfully backcross with the parental species. Consequently, estimating the proportion of first generation hybrids in a population may not inform about the evolutionary impact of hybridization. Samples obtained over a long time span may offer a more accurate view of the spreading of introgressed alleles in a species" gene pool. Common quail (Coturnix coturnix) populations in Europe have been restocked extensively with farm quails of hybrid origin (crosses with Japanese quails, C. japonica). We genetically monitored a common quail population over 15 years to investigate whether genetic introgression is occurring and used simulations to investigate our power to detect it. Our results revealed that some introgression has occurred, but we did not observe a significant increase over time in the proportion of admixed individuals. However, simulations showed that the degree of admixture may be larger than anticipated due to the limited power of analyses over a short time span, and that observed data was compatible with a low rate of introgression, probably resulting from reduced fitness of admixed individuals. Simulations predicted this could result in extensive admixture in the near future.

Identification and conservation of remnant genetic resources of brown trout in relict populations from Western Mediterranean streams

Brown trout is a cold-adapted freshwater species with restricted distribution to headwater streams in rivers of the South European peninsulas, where populations are highly vulnerable because Mediterranean regions are highly sensitive to the global climatic warming. Moreover, these populations are endangered due to the introgressive hybridization with cultured stocks. Individuals from six remnant populations in Western Mediterranean rivers were sequenced for the complete mitochondrial DNA control region and genotyped for 11 nuclear markers. Three different brown trout lineages were present in the studied region. Significant genetic divergence was observed among locations and a strong effect of genetic drift was suggested. An important stocking impact (close to 25%) was detected in the zone. Significant correlations between mitochondrial-based rates of hatchery introgression and water flow variation suggested a higher impact of stocked females in unstable habitats. In spite of hatchery introgression, all populations remained highly differentiated, suggesting that native genetic resources are still abundant. However, climatic predictions indicated that suitable habitats for the species in these rivers will be reduced and hence trout populations are highly endangered and vulnerable. Thus, management policies should take into account these predictions to design upstream refuge areas to protect remnant native trout in the region

Moderate-Vigorous physical activity across Body Mass Index in females: moderating effect of endocannabinoids and temperament

Background: Endocannabinoids and temperament traits have been linked to both physical activity and body mass index (BMI) however no study has explored how these factors interact in females. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to 1) examine differences among distinct BMI groups on daytime physical activity and time spent in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), temperament traits and plasma endocannabinoid concentrations; and 2) explore the association and interaction between MVPA, temperament, endocannabinoids and BMI. Methods: Physical activity was measured with the wrist-worn accelerometer Actiwatch AW7, in a sample of 189 female participants (43 morbid obese, 30 obese, and 116 healthy-weight controls). The Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised questionnaire was used to assess personality traits. BMI was calculated by bioelectrical impedance analysis via the TANITA digital scale. Blood analyses were conducted to measure levels of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related compounds. Path-analysis was performed to examine the association between predictive variables and MVPA. Results: Obese groups showed lower MVPA and dysfunctional temperament traits compared to healthy-weight controls. Plasma concentrations of 2-arachidonoylglyceryl (2-AG) were greater in obese groups. Path-analysis identified a direct effect between greater MVPA and low BMI (b = −0.13, p = .039) and high MVPA levels were associated with elevated anandamide (AEA) levels (b = 0.16, p = .049) and N-oleylethanolamide (OEA) levels (b = 0.22, p = .004), as well as high Novelty seeking (b = 0.18, p<.001) and low Harm avoidance (b = −0.16, p<.001). Conclusions: Obese individuals showed a distinct temperament profile and circulating endocannabinoids compared to controls. Temperament and endocannabinoids may act as moderators of the low MVPA in obesity.

Inappropriate prescribing to the oldest old patients admitted to hospital: prevalence, most frequently used medicines, and associated factors

Background: Scientific evidence on treatments of chronic diseases in patients 85 years old or older is very limited, as is available information on inappropriate prescription (IP) and its associated factors. The study aimed to describe medicine prescription, potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM) and potentially prescribing omissions (PPO) and their associated factors on this population. Methods: In the context of an observational, prospective and multicentric study carried out in elderly patients admitted to seven Spanish hospitals for a year, a sub-analysis of those aged 85 years and over was performed. To assess PIMs, the Beers and STOPP criteria were used, and to assess PPOs, the START and the ACOVE-3 criteria were used. To assess factors associated with IP, a multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Patients were selected randomly every week on consecutive days from the hospitalization lists. Results: A total of 336 patients were included in the sub-analysis with a median (Q1-Q3) age of 88 (8690) years. The median medicines taken during the month prior to admission was 10 (713). Forty-seven point two per cent of patients had at least one Beers-listed PIM, 63.3% at least one STOPP-listed PIM, 53.6% at least one START-listed PPO, and 59.4% at least one ACOVE-3-listed PPO. Use of benzodiazepines in patients who are prone to falls (18.3%) and omission of calcium and vitamin D supplements in patients with osteoporosis (13.3%) were the most common PIM and PPO, respectively. The main factor associated with the Beers-listed and the STOPP-listed PIM was consumption of 10 or more medicines (OR = 5.7, 95% CI 1.8-17.9 and OR = 13.4, 95% CI 4.0-44.0, respectively). The main factors associated with the START-listed PPO was a non-community dwelling origin (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.0), and multimorbidity (OR1.8, 95% CI 1.0-3.1). Conclusions: Prescribed medicines and PIM and PPO prevalence were high among patients 85 years and over. Benzodiazepine use in those who are prone to falls and omission of calcium and vitamin D in those with osteoporosis were the most frequent PIM and PPO, respectively. Factors associated with PIM and PPO differed with polypharmacy being the most important factor associated with PIM.

Actitudes hacia la química de estudiantes de diferentes carreras universitarias en Colombia

This work reports a study on the attitudes of Colombian students towards Chemistry in different undergraduate programs. The research was performed on 769 students belonging to several Chemistry courses, by applying an adaptation of Salta and Tzougraki's test and using Likert's scale. The results revealed that Chemistry is being considered as difficult and little useful, but very interesting. Thus, the difficulty to learn Chemistry may be associated with its language and abstract conceptual nature. In addition, more attention should be given to the class contents and methodologies provided to the students, in order to engage them with those interest aspects and meaningful topics of each program

Molecular Basis for Resistance to Fluazifop-P-Butyl in Itchgrass (Rottboellia cochinchinensis) from Costa Rica

Rottboellia cochinchinensis is an annual grass weed species known as itchgrass, or "caminadora" in America´s Spanish speaking countries, and has become a major and troublesome weed in several crops. The application of fluazifop-P-butyl at recommended rates (125 g a.i. ha-1) was observed to be failing to control itchgrass in a field in San José, Upala county, Alajuela province, Costa Rica. Plants from the putative resistant R. cochinchinensis population survived fluazifop-P-butyl when treated with 250 g a.i. ha-1 (2X label rate) at the three- to four-leaf stage under greenhouse conditions. PCR amplification and sequencing of partial carboxyl transferase domain (CT) of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) gene were used to determine the molecular mechanism of resistance. A single non-synonymous point mutation from TGG (susceptible plants) to TGC (putative resistant plants) that leads to a Trp-2027-Cys substitution was found. This Trp-2027-Cys mutation is known to confer resistance to all aryloxyphenoxyproprionate (APP) herbicides to which fluazifop-P-butyl belongs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of fluazifop-P-butyl resistance and a mutation at position 2027 for a Costa Rican R. cochinchinensis population.

Revisitando el papel del templo en la ciudad: los grandes templos neogóticos del occidente de México

El trabajo que presentamos quiere analizar el papel de los grandes templos neogóticos construidos entre el siglo XIX y XX en la trama actual de algunas ciudades mexicanas, tomando como ejemplos de estudio el Templo Expiatorio del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús, en León, en el Estado de Guanajuato y el del templo de San José Obrero en Arandas en el Estado de Jalisco. Un papel destacado en su actual interrelación con la trama urbana y por el valor simbólico que los mismos tienen dada su monumentalidad y función para el culto religioso. Ambas son iglesias que quedaron inacabadas por causas políticas y económicas y que tras un largo proceso han sido concluidas incorporando las normas del Concilio Vaticano II, convirtiéndose en hitos urbanos con capacidad generar espacios de nueva centralidad para la ciudadanía.

Asamblea Nacional de Cámaras de Comercio 2009 : Zona Centro

Gestión del conocimiento

Avances y seguimientos a los compromisos del comité empresarial de Apoyo: Localidad Engativá (10) Mayo 2012.

Gestión del Conocimiento

Avances y seguimientos a los compromisos del comité empresarial de Apoyo: Localidad de Kennedy (8) Mayo 2012.

Gestión del Conocimiento

Poesía alegórica del Sr. Pbro. D.J. Guadalupe Velázquez

UANL

¡Jesuitas!

UANL

Las nuevas tecnologías desde la clase de apoyo : un pequeño paso al bilingüismo.

Se presenta memoria final de proyecto educativo que pretende introducir el uso de las NNTT en el aula de apoyo. Se lleva a cabo en el IES San José de Cortegana, Huelva, al alumnado de tercero y cuarto de ESO con la intención de que consigan una competencia lingüística elemental en la lengua extranjera, en este caso, el inglés. En líneas generales se pretende que el alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales, fuese capaz de utilizar nuevos medios técnicos y una lengua para expresarse y comunicarse, integrándose así en una sociedad del conocimiento. Los objetivos son: adquirir las destrezas comunicativas básicas en una lengua extranjera; alcanzar en el aula de apoyo transformaciones significativas tanto en el aspecto tecnológico como académico; mejorar de forma paulatina la integración de este alumnado en su entorno sociocultural y laboral, dentro y fuera del centro; trabajar la formación integral de la persona que incluye los aspectos psicoafectivos, autoestima, motivación, conocimiento de sí mismo, conocimiento de sus límites, cognitivos y sociales; adquirir conocimientos básicos y funcionales para su vida cotidiana; fomentar las habilidades sociales, técnicas de resolución de conflictos y potenciar el respeto hacia los demás; implicar a todo el profesorado del centro en un plan de trabajo coherente con las distintas necesidades de este alumnado; integrar a las familias y a todos los sectores de la comunidad educativa en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de este alumnado, desde la metodología que este proyecto pretendía desarrollar. El proceso ha constatado de: actividad previa al proceso; se ha visitado un centro inglés, un centro de educación especial y de educación primaria y secundaria, durante varias semanas; evaluación inicial de la situación de partida, para ello, se actualizó el aula de apoyo en relación a los recursos materiales necesarios para desarrollar nuestra labor; actividades con respecto al alumnado, evaluación inicial desde el departamento de orientación, elaboración de una ficha individual donde queda plasmada la evolución de cada alumno y alumna, realización de programaciones actualizadas, excursión a Sevilla para asistir a la representación de una obra en inglés, contactar con un centro de Sevilla en España y con un centro en Finlandia a través del Plan eTwinning. Los resultados obtenidos: en relación con el alumnado: integración socioeducativa, mejora del rendimiento académico, mejora del desarrollo socioafectivo; en relación al aula de apoyo: actualización de recursos físicos y materiales; en relación al profesorado: actualización de la práctica docente en relación al uso de las NNTT y a la enseñanza de la lengua extranjera. Los materiales y productos elaborados: pruebas iniciales desde el departamento de orientación, ficha individualizada para seguir el avance del alumnado, material bibliográfico para el aula y para el alumnado, material fotocopiable para el alumnado.

El IES Nazarí por las matemáticas.

Este proyecto de innovación se ha destinado a un cambio metodológico profundo en la enseñanza de las matemáticas. Se ha pretendido incorporar materiales con los que se construya unas matemáticas más manipulativas. Este enfoque propone importantes cambios dentro de la dinámica de clase. Supone que el alumnado pueda trabajar con material tangible y ciertos conceptos que se acerquen a su percepción, intentando desenmascarar la abstracción de las matemáticas con un acercamiento a la realidad.