A linguagem e a neuróbica: a leitura e a narrativa como prática da ginástica laboral

A neuróbica é um conjunto de atividades que necessitam mobilizar extensas áreas do córtex cerebral para serem realizadas. Esta mobilização neuronal acarreta a formação de estímulos que fazem com que células especiais do tecido nervoso produzam neurotrofinas. Estas neurotrofinas agem sobre os neurônios fazendo com que seus prolongamentos cresçam para procurar novos contatos sinápticos o que em, última análise, da maior longevidade não só para este neurônio, mas para o neurônio que foi incluído no circuito pela nova sinapse realizada. Por isso trata-se de uma verdadeira ginastica para o cérebro. Acreditando que a leitura de textos criativos e com narrativa cheia de detalhes e cenas inusitadas e espetaculares são textos que podem ser usados para este fim, nos propusemos a analisar a obra Reinações de Narizinho de Monteiro Lobato neste contexto. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é Identificar se a leitura do texto da obra de Monteiro Lobato Reinações de Narizinho, pode fornecer elementos que desencadeiam a mobilização das mais diferentes áreas do córtex cerebral fazendo com que possa ser considerada uma leitura neuróbica. Para tal, realizamos um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a temática da neuróbica na tentativa de identificar a prática desta atividade na leitura de textos que estimulam a imaginação e cognição. A conclusão deste trabalho é que a atividade de leitura é um imenso campo para a prática da neuróbica, e que aqueles textos que permitem o aguçar dos sentidos e emoções como é o exemplo de Reinações de Narizinho de Monteiro Lobato, podem ser utilizados como meio para a prática do exercício neuronal, pois estimulam amplamente a utilização de áreas corticais e circuitos neuronais localizados em diversas regiões cerebrais, dentre elas, a área da visão, sistema límbico, região do giro angular e supramarginal (áreas 39 e 40 de Brodmann, consideradas como integrantes...

Utilização dos parâmetros físico-químicos e redes neurais artificiais na identificação dos méis de abelhas (Apis mellifera L.) produzidos no verão e inverno na microrregião de Campos de Jordão, São Paulo

The objective of this work was to typify, through physicochemical parameters, honey from Campos do Jordão’s microrregion, and verify how samples are grouped in accordance with the climatic production seasonality (summer and winter). It were assessed 30 samples of honey from beekeepers located in the cities of Monteiro Lobato, Campos do Jordão, Santo Antonio do Pinhal e São Bento do Sapucaí-SP, regarding both periods of honey production (November to February; July to September, during 2007 and 2008; n = 30). Samples were submitted to physicochemical analysis of total acidity, pH, humidity, water activity, density, aminoacids, ashes, color and electrical conductivity, identifying physicochemical standards of honey samples from both periods of production. Next, we carried out a cluster analysis of data using k-means algorithm, which grouped the samples into two classes (summer and winter). Thus, there was a supervised training of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using backpropagation algorithm. According to the analysis, the knowledge gained through the ANN classified the samples with 80% accuracy. It was observed that the ANNs have proved an effective tool to group samples of honey of the region of Campos do Jordao according to their physicochemical characteristics, depending on the different production periods.

Depois dos navios negreiros: a criação do Consulado Brasileiro em Luanda e as relações do Império com a colônia portuguesa de Angola, 1822-1860

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A sátira limabarretiana em Numa e a Ninfa

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Depois dos navios negreiros: a criação do Consulado Brasileiro em Luanda e as relações do Império com a colônia portuguesa de Angola, 1822-1860

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A sátira limabarretiana em Numa e a Ninfa

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Brazilian avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B: experimental infection of broilers and evaluation of vaccine efficacy

Santos M.B., Martini M.C., Ferreira H.L., Silva L.H.A., Fellipe P.A., Spilki F.R. & Arns C.W. 2012. Brazilian avian metapneumovirus subtypes A and B: experimental infection of broilers and evaluation of vaccine efficacy. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 32(12):1257-1262. Laboratorio de Virologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato s/n, Cx. Postal 6109, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil. E-mail: arns@unicamp.br Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) is a respiratory pathogen associated with the swollen head syndrome (SHS) in chickens. In Brazil, live aMPV vaccines are currently used, but subtypes A and, mainly subtype B (aMPV/A and aMPV/B) are still circulating. This study was conducted to characterize two Brazilian aMPV isolates (A and B subtypes) of chicken origin. A challenge trial to explore the replication ability of the Brazilian subtypes A and B in chickens was performed. Subsequently, virological protection provided from an aMPV/B vaccine against the same isolates was analyzed. Upon challenge experiment, it was shown by virus isolation and real time PCR that aMPV/B could be detected longer and in higher amounts than aMPV/A. For the protection study, 18 one-day-old chicks were vaccinated and challenged at 21 days of age. Using virus isolation and real time PCR, no aMPV/A was detected in the vaccinated chickens, whereas one vaccinated chicken challenged with the aMPV/B isolate was positive. The results showed that aMPV/B vaccine provided a complete heterologous virological protection, although homologous protection was not complete in one chicken. Although only one aMPV/B positive chicken was detected after homologous vaccination, replication in vaccinated animals might allow the emergence of escape mutants.

Ernesto Nathan Rogers e le preesistenze ambientali. Itinerario teorico, 1948-1964

La tesi indaga il significato del concetto di “preesistenze ambientali” nel pensiero teorico dell’architetto Ernesto Nathan Rogers. Il tema è scelto come punto di vista privilegiato per indagare il contributo di Rogers al dibattito sull’eredità del Movimento Moderno in un momento, il secondo dopoguerra, in cui si intensifica la necessità di soffermare l’attenzione delle riflessioni teoriche sulle relazioni tra ambiente e progetto. Il problema fu inteso come la ricerca di un linguaggio adeguato all’era macchinista e di un ordine formale per lo sviluppo urbano recente da costruire in funzione del suo rapporto con la città consolidata. Esso fu sviluppato, all’interno dell’opera teorica rogersiana, come riflessione sulla dialettica contrapposizione tra intuizione e trasmissione del sapere, contingenza e universalità. La tesi mostra le ricche connessioni culturali tramite cui tale dialettica è capace di animare un discorso unitario che va dall’insegnamento del Movimento Moderno alle ricerche tipologiche e urbane della cultura italiana degli anni Sessanta. Riportando il concetto di preesistenze ambientali alla sua accezione originale, da un lato attraverso la ricostruzione delle relazioni intellettuali instaurate da Rogers con il Movimento Moderno e i CIAM, dall’altro mediante l’approfondimento del progetto editoriale costruito durante la direzione della rivista “Casabella continuità”, la tesi intende conferire alla nozione il valore di un contributo importante alla teoria della progettazione architettonica urbana. Il concetto di preesistenze ambientali diventa così la chiave analitica per indagare, in particolare, l’influenza del dibattito dell’VIII CIAM su Il Cuore della città e della partecipazione di Rogers al lavoro di redazione dell’Estudio del Plan di Buenos Aires nel 1948-1949 nella maturazione del progetto editoriale di “Casabella continuità” (1954-1965) attraverso l’attribuzione di un preciso valore all’archetipo, alla fenomenologia e alla tradizione nella definizione del rapporto architettura e storia.

The performativity of nonviolent protest in South Asia (1918 - 1948)

This study seeks to address a gap in the study of nonviolent action. The gap relates to the question of how nonviolence is performed, as opposed to the meaning or impact of nonviolent politics. The dissertation approaches the history of nonviolent protest in South Asia through the lens of performance studies. Such a shift allows for concepts such as performativity and theatricality to be tested in terms of their applicability and relevance to contemporary political and philosophical questions. It also allows for a different perspective on the historiography of nonviolent protest. Using concepts, modes of analysis and tropes of thinking from the emerging field of performance studies, the dissertation analyses two different cases of nonviolent protest, asking how politics is performatively constituted. The first two sections of this study set out the parameters of the key terms of the dissertation: nonviolence and performativity, by tracing their genealogies and legacies as terms. These histories are then located as an intersection in the founding of the nonviolent. The case studies at the analytical core of the dissertation are: fasting as a method in Gandhi's political arsenal, and the army of nonviolent soldiers in the North-West Frontier Province, known as the Khudai Khidmatgar. The study begins with an overview of current theorisations of nonviolence. The approach to the subject is through an investigation of commonly held misconceptions about nonviolent action, such as its supposed passivity, the absence of violence, its ineffectiveness and its spiritual basis. This section addresses the lacunae within existing theories of nonviolence and points to possible fertile spaces for further exploration. Section 3 offers an overview of the different shades of the concept of performativity, asking how it is used in various contexts and how these different nuances can be viewed in relation to each other. The dissertation explores how a theory of performativity may be correlated to the theorisation of nonviolence. The correlations are established in four boundary areas: action/inaction, violence/absence of violence, the actor/opponent and the body/spirit. These boundary areas allow for a theorising of nonviolent action as a performative process. The first case study is Gandhi's use of the fast as a method of nonviolent protest. Using a close reading of his own writings, speeches and letters, as well as a reading of responses to his fast in British newspapers and within India, the dissertation asks what made fasting into Gandhi's most favoured mode of protest and political action. The study reconstructs his unique praxis of the fast from a performative perspective, demonstrating how display and ostentation are vital to the political economy of the fast. It also unveils the cultural context and historical reservoir of body practices, which Gandhi drew from and adapted into 'weapons' of political action. The relationship of Gandhian nonviolence to the body forms a crucial part of the analysis. The second case study is the nonviolent army of the Pashtuns, Khudai Khidmatgar (KK), literally Servants of God. This anti-imperialist movement in the North-West Frontier Province of what is today the border between Pakistan and Afghanistan existed between 1929 and 1948. The movement adopted the organisational form of an army. It conducted protest activities against colonial rule, as well as social reform activities for the Pashtuns. This group was connected to the Congress party of Gandhi, but the dissertation argues that their conceptualisation and praxis of nonviolence emerged from a very different tradition and worldview. Following a brief introduction to the socio-political background of this Pashtun movement, the dissertation explores the activities that this nonviolent army engaged in, looking at their unique understanding of the militancy of an unarmed force, and their mode of combat and confrontation. Of particular interest to the analysis is the way the KK re-combined and mixed what appear to be contradictory ideologies and acts. In doing so, they reframed cultural and historical stereotypes of the Pashtuns as a martial race, juxtaposing the institutional form of the army with a nonviolent praxis based on Islamic principles and social reform. The example of the Khudai Khidmatgar is used to explore the idea that nonviolence is not the opposite of violent conflict, but in fact a dialectical engagement and response to violence. Section 5, in conclusion, returns to the boundary areas of nonviolence: action, violence, the opponent and the body, and re-visits these areas on a comparative note, bringing together elements from Gandhi's fasts and the practices of the KK. The similarities and differences in the two examples are assessed and contextualised in relation to the guiding question of this study, namely the question of the performativity of nonviolent action.