914 resultados para Leite fermantado Microbiologia


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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This study aimed to evaluate the potential for milk production (MP), lactation length (LL) and calving interval (CI), analyze the environmental component affecting these traits, and to estimate the heritability and repeatability for milk production in crossbreds of Murrah buffalo cows in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Data was composed of 487 observations of MP from 136 lactations recorded between the years of 2000 and 2010. In the analysis of variance for PL, the fixed effects were season (1- October to March, 2 -April to September) and year of the beginning of lactation, calving order and the LL (covariate). For the analysis of LL only the fixed effect of year of the beginning of lactation was included, and finally for the CI analysis, year of the beginning of lactation and calving order. The estimates of covariance were obtained using unicharacteristic analysis by Bayesian inference method, applyingan animal model, through Gibbs sampling. The additive genetic, permanent environment and residual effects were included as random effects in the model. The averages (sd) of MP, LL and CI were 2,218.03 kg (408.18), 282.59 days (39.48) e 422.49 days (91.05), respectively. All the effects included in the models were important (P<0.01). The estimates of heritability and repeatability for PL were 0.29 and 0.69, respectively. The results suggest that there is a moderate genetic variability among individuals for PL, indicating the possibility to obtain gain using selection.

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Means for milk, not otherwise specified, the product from complete and uninterrupted milking , in a hygienic, healthy cows, well fed and rested. The milk of other animals must be called according to origin of species. One of the main characteristics that defined the milk is the set of their sensory characteristics, and the main flavor. The control of milk quality in Brazil has been an important factor for the consolidation of the entire production chain, passing necessarily by the dairy industry. The production of milk with good quality guarantees, of course, food safety for consumers. The measures to obtain milk begin on the property, in carrying out correct procedures for milking, storage and transportation of the product also in the dairy. Later, in the laboratory evaluation of physicochemical properties, research fraud, and microbiological examinations. Finally, measures of health education are need for producers to become aware of the economic benefits by obtaining a better quality milk. The objective of this review is to emphasize the importance of using diagnostic procedures methods for the control of mastitis and consequently obtain better Milk quality