990 resultados para Evolução de proteínas


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The Rio do Peixe Basin represents a main basin of northeastern Brazil and pioneering work positioned the rocks of this basin in the Early Cretaceous. However, a recent study, based on integrated pollen analysis from three wells, found an unprecedented siliciclastic sedimentary section, in the region, of early Devonian age. Therefore, the present study aims a detailed petrographic and petrological analysis of this devonian section, in the Rio do Peixe Basin and proposes a diagenetic evolution, to understand the characteristics of the porous system, identify the main reservoir petrofacies with the main factors impacting on the quality of these rocks as reservoirs and a quick study on the provenance of this section. The petrographic study was based on samples obtained from subsurface and surface. The diagenetic evolution of petrofacies and its identification were based only on subsurface samples and the study of provenance was based on surface samples. The thin sections were prepared from sandstones, pelites and sandstones intercalated with pelites. The original detrital composition for this section is arcosean and the main diagenetic processes that affected these rocks occur in various depths and different conditions, which resulted in extensive diagenetic variety. The following processes were identified: early fracture and healing of grains; albitization of K-feldspar and plagioclase; siderite; precipitation of silica and feldspar; mechanical infiltration of clay and its transformation to illite/esmectite and illite; autigenesis of analcime; dissolution; autigenesis of chlorite; dolomite/ferrous dolomite/anquerite; apatite; calcite; pyrite; titanium minerals and iron oxide-hidroxide. The occurrence of a recently discovered volcanism, in the Rio do Peixe Basin, may have influenced the diagenetic evolution of this section. Three diagenetic stages affected the Devonian section: eo, meso and telodiagenesis. This section is compositionally quite feldspathic, indicating provenance from continental blocks, between transitional continental and uplift of the basement. From this study, we observed a wide heterogeneity in the role of the studied sandstones as reservoirs. Seven petrofacies were identified, taking into account the main diagenetic constituent responsible for the reduction of porosity. It is possible that the loss of original porosity was influenced by intense diagenesis in these rocks, where the main constituent for the loss of porosity are clays minerals, oxides and carbonate cement (calcite and dolomite)

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Knowledge of the native prokaryotes in hazardous locations favors the application of biotechnology for bioremediation. Independent strategies for cultivation and metagenomics contribute to further microbiological knowledge, enabling studies with non-cultivable about the "native microbiological status and its potential role in bioremediation, for example, of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPA's). Considering the biome mangrove interface fragile and critical bordering the ocean, this study characterizes the native microbiota mangrove potential biodegradability of HPA's using a biomarker for molecular detection and assessment of bacterial diversity by PCR in areas under the influence of oil companies in the Basin Petroleum Geology Potiguar (BPP). We chose PcaF, a metabolic enzyme, to be the molecular biomarker in a PCR-DGGE detection of prokaryotes that degrade HPA s. The PCR-DGGE fingerprints obtained from Paracuru-CE, Fortim-CE and Areia Branca-RN samples revealed the occurrence of fluctuations of microbial communities according to the sampling periods and in response to the impact of oil. In the analysis of microbial communities interference of the oil industry, in Areia Branca-RN and Paracuru-CE was observed that oil is a determinant of microbial diversity. Fortim-CE probably has no direct influence with the oil activity. In order to obtain data for better understanding the transport and biodegradation of HPA's, there were conducted in silico studies with modeling and simulation from obtaining 3-D models of proteins involved in the degradation of phenanthrene in the transport of HPA's and also getting the 3-D model of the enzyme PcaF used as molecular marker in this study. Were realized docking studies with substrates and products to a better understanding about the transport mechanism and catalysis of HPA s

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O período inicial da gestação de bovinos é caracterizado por grandes perdas embrionárias. Considerando a importância deste fator no âmbito da reprodução animal foram estudados os anexos embrionários e fetais bovinos fecundados por monta natural de 15-70 dias de gestação, com o objetivo de estabelecer parâmetros morfométricos da placenta na fase inicial da gestação. Com uso de um paquímetro foram realizadas mensurações do comprimento (crânio caudal), largura (latero lateral) e altura (dorso ventral) das membranas corioalantóide e amniótica. O início da formação dos cotilédones foi observado e quantificado, assim como, o peso placentário. O peso médio do saco gestacional aumentou com o evoluir da idade gestacional, entretanto, o crescimento foi acelerado a partir de 20-30 dias de gestação. O comprimento crânio caudal e dorso ventral da membrana corioalantóide e do âmnio apresentaram crescimento lento e gradual com o evoluir dos períodos gestacionais analisados. Com 30-40 dias de gestação, os primeiro cotilédones já eram visualizados e contatos com facilidade na superfície coriônica. Os períodos de crescimento coincidiram com os maiores índices de perdas gestacionais em bovinos. Os parâmetros aqui analisados poderão servir para futuras investigações dos anexos embrionários de organismos manipulados em laboratório.

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Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis of worldwide distribution caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, triggering dangerous complications in immunocompromised patients and pregnant women, as well as having great economic impact for the livestock. So far the control of toxoplasmosis is made primarily by chemotherapy. However, most drugs used routinely have some limitations. In order to control this disease, several research groups, including ours, has been working to develop a medical-veterinary vaccine based on parasite antigens, vectors and protocols of immunization. In this study were implemented and standardized methodologies for amplification and cloning of recombinant immunogens in the system for the development of a prototype vaccine, based on the surface antigens of T. gondii and recombinant adenovirus encoding these antigens. Genes encoding BAG1, GRA2 and SAG1 proteins were amplified. We established a strategy for cloning SAG1, SAG2, SAG3 and TgAMA1- genes in recombinant system. The genes encoding SAG1 and SAG2 were cloned and their sequences showed high similarity with sequences from GenBank. The virtual translation of these proteins showed polymorphisms in the amino acid sequence, which can be correlated with levels of antigenicity. Simultaneously, the adenovirus encoding the SAGs (HAdSAGs) were expanded, purificated and characterizated. Immunization of C57bl/6 mice, using viral supernatant was not enought to elicit immune responses at high levels, being required HAdSAGs titration for future immunizations. Therefore, this study allowed the cloning of the two genes important for the development of a prototype vaccine. Besides, implementations methodologies that permit advancements in the development of a vaccine against toxoplasmosis using adenovirus to express proteins of the parasite

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

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The expression of human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) and human leukocyte antigen E (HLA-E) in physiological and pathological processes remains unknown, it is believed that these molecules play a fundamental role in the establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance by inhibiting the functions of immunocompetent cells. In literature we found no published study involving the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) with expression of HLA-G and HLA-E. The objective this study is investigated the expression of this protein in gastric biopsies of patients with the bacterium H. pylori. Sixty-four biopsies of the patients with diagnosis of infection by H. pylori were evaluated to expression of HLA-G and HLA-E. The samples were stratified according to the presence of carcinoma or peptic ulcers. Patients without H. pylori were used to control. To investigate the expression of this protein were used immunohistochemistry technique with monoclonal antibody anti-HLA-G and anti-HLA-E. Other criteria such as analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate (hematoxylin-eosin) and identification of H. pylori (Giemsa) were analyzed. We detected HLA-G and HLA-E molecules in the most samples containing ulcer and gastric carcinoma. In negative control group was not detected the presence of HLA-G and HLA-E. The presence of H. pylori seems modulate the expression of HLA-G and HLA-E, favoring the evolution of infection, giving different degrees of gastric lesion in epithelium of these patients

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The extraction, chemical and structural characterization of a wide variety of compounds derived from plants has been a major source of bioactive molecules. Several proteases have been isolated in the plant kingdom, with numerous pharmacological and biotechnological applications. Among the proteases isolated from plants, are the fibrinogenolytic, with relevant application in the treatment of disorders in the coagulation cascade, in addition to potential use as a tool in clinical laboratories. In this study, in addition to evaluating the effects of the protein extract of Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur (Euphorbiaceae) in the coagulation cascade also investigates the presence of antimicrobial activity and characterizes the proteolytic activity detected in this extract, aiming to determine their potential pharmacological and biotechnological application. In this way, crude protein extracts obtained from the leaves of C. urens in Tris-HCl 0.05M, NaCl 0.15M, pH 7.5, were precipitated in different concentrations of acetone, and assessed for the presence of proteolytic activity in azocaseína and fibrinogen. The most active fraction (F1.0) in these tests was chosen for assessment of biological activity and biochemical characterization. The Aα chain and Bβ of fibrinogen were completely cleaved at a concentration of 0.18 μg/μL of protein fraction in 4 minutes. Fibrinogenolytic activity presented total inhibition in the presence of E-64 and partial in the presence of EDTA. The fraction demonstrated coagulant activity in plasm and reduced the APTT, demonstrating acting on the factors coagulation of the intrinsic pathway and common, not exerting effects on the PT. Fibrinolytic activity on plasma clot was detected only in SDS-PAGE in high concentrations of fraction, and there were no defibrinating. Although several proteases isolated from plants and venomous animals are classically toxic, the fraction F1.0 of C. urens not expressed hemorrhagic nor hemolytic activities. Fraction F1.0 also showed no antimicrobial activity. In proteolytic activity on the azocasein, the optimal pH was 5.0 and optimum temperature of 60ºC. The enzyme activity has been shown to be sensitive to the presence of salts tested, with inhibition for all compounds. The surfactant triton did not influence the enzyme activity, but the tween-20 and SDS inhibited the activity. In the presence of reducing agents increase in enzyme activity occurred, a typical feature of enzymes belonging to the class of cysteine proteases. Several bands with proteolytic activity were detected in zymogram, in the region of high-molecular-weight, which were inhibited by E-64. In this study, we found that C. urens presents in its constitution cysteine proteases with fibrinogenolytic and procoagulant activity, which may be isolated, with potential application in treatment of bleeding disorders, thrombolytic and clinical laboratory

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate the evolution of the socio-occupational status in Rio Grande do Norte from 2001 to 2008, based on the characterization of the socio-economic status of this State from the analysis of labor market norte-rio-grandense . The study, specifically, drew a comparison between the dynamics of the labor market in Rio Grande do Norte and the capital city, Natal. From this perspective, the purpose was to make a relationship between the social division of labor and its effects on the socio-spatial division, represented in the "macro scale" by the federal unit and the "micro level" for the capital; locus of economic and population concentration. The collection of data on the labor market had as a major source PNAD/IBGE, characterizing the labor market in many ways: people of working age, economically active population and employed and unemployed people, classified by age, sex, color, education, income and social protection condition. However, as for the socio-occupational division, we follow the methodology used by the research group on national television, based in IPPUR /UFRJ, called Monitoring of the Metropolis," which rallied twenty-four groups that aggregate the occupations found in the PNAD/IBGE, in eight groups of socio-occupational categories, according to the similarity between them. It was used in the socio-spatial cutting two relevant discussions, which are inter-related and were characterized as crucial points in developing the research problem: the former was related to the influence of the hegemony of merchant capital in the labor market in Rio Grande North and, the latter, it referred the socio-economic relations between the territory and the variable occupation. Lastly, the results all indicated that in Rio Grande do Norte, as a peripheral state, has suffered the devastating influence of the hegemony of capital purely commercial basis, where "wealth" of capitalism is generated through the sphere of mere movement of goods and services rather than a productive process due to the social relations of production more advanced. We have a little advanced economic structure, with a tertiary sector that has propagated under-employment or disguised unemployment. Similarly, the agricultural sector has been presented as an example of greater social degradation of working conditions in the state. The secondary sector, in turn, also was not behind this uncertainty; on the contrary, confirmed that condition, with poor levels of income, low education of the workforce and a high degree of social helplessness, even in the state capital, space full urban area, which although always appear with a favorable condition compared to Province, in practically most of the variables studied, was also reflected at the same time the author of a structurally underdeveloped condition

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A importância do estudo do sangue do cordão umbilical (SCU) tem sido verificada pela presença de células-tronco hematopoéticas no SCU humano. O modelo experimental em cão tem propiciado informações importantes nos transplantes em humanos. Entretanto, apesar da importância do SCU e do modelo experimental em cães, não existem estudos sobre a eletroforese de proteínas séricas do cordão umbilical canino. No presente protocolo experimental, foi feita a colheita de SCU de 20 neonatos caninos, o qual foi utilizado para o fracionamento eletroforético de suas proteínas. Os valores médios absolutos obtidos para proteínas séricas totais, albumina, alfa, beta e gamaglobulinas no sangue do cordão umbilical de cães ao nascimento foram 3,09±0,59; 1,51±0,38; 0,87±0,17; 0,68±0,12 e 0,03±0,01, respectivamente. Todos os resultados apresentaram-se abaixo dos níveis reportados para animais adultos, devido à passagem das proteínas e suas frações ocorrerem principalmente através do colostro e pela imaturidade hepática. em todos os traçados eletroforéticos do SCU de cães, foi observada uma pequena curva entre alfaglobulina 2 e betaglobulina 1, não relatada no soro de cães adultos. Portanto, neste experimento, foram observadas diferenças quantitativas no traçado eletroforético das proteínas séricas do SCU de cães, ao nascimento, diferindo-os, neste particular, de cães em diferentes fases da vida pós-colostral.

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Os nascimentos ocorridos em uma população consistem em informação de grande valia para diversos estudos e planejamento de políticas públicas. O Sistema de informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) representa uma promissora fonte de informação sobre o tema, uma vez que coleta continuamente e no âmbito municipal, dados sobre nascimentos. Tendo em vista a necessidade de avaliação contínua do SINASC e o panorama do declínio da fecundidade no Nordeste, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade das informações provenientes do SINASC para o Nordeste, estados e microrregiões, nos anos 2000 e 2010, utilizando o Censo Demográfico como informação de referência, avaliando a cobertura do SINASC e identificando níveis e padrões de fecundidade. Pretendeu-se ainda verificar a relação entre os níveis de fecundidade, o grau de cobertura do SINASC e as condições socioeconômicas das microrregiões sintetizadas pelo Índice Social de Desenvolvimento Municipal (ISDM), utilizando-se a análise de cluster, associada à análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey. Por último, analisou-se a incompletude no preenchimento dos campos da Declaração de Nascido Vivo (DNV). De acordo com os resultados, observou-se que houve ampliação da qualidade das informações do SINASC no período estudado, resultando em uma maior aproximação das TFTs oriundas das duas fontes de dados consideradas no estudo. Maranhão e Paraíba foram os estados com maiores ganhos em cobertura das TFTs no período, e os estados do Rio Grande do Norte e Sergipe revelaram um grau de cobertura ligeiramente inferior em 2010 frente aos resultados de 2000, bem como ainda persistem várias microrregiões com TFTs oriundas do SINASC bem abaixo daquelas estimadas pelo Censo. Na verificação da associação entre o ISDM, TFTs e cobertura, a análise de cluster resultou em três agrupamentos, GrISDM A com melhores coberturas, ISDM e mais baixas TFT; GrISDM B , intermediário e GrISDM C com piores coberturas, ISDM e TFT mais altas. Notou-se a evolução das condições socioeconômicas no Nordeste, tendo o GrISDM A passado de 8% do total de microrregiões em 2000 para 37% em 2010. Reiterou-se ainda que quanto melhores as condições socioeconômicas de uma população, menores são as TFTs e melhores as coberturas do SINASC. A análise de variância apontou interações significativas entre o ano estudado versus ISDM (p-valor < 0,016) e o ano versus fonte de informação (p-valor < 0,020), e o teste Tukey apontou que não houve similaridade entre as médias das TFT das fontes Censo versus SINASC no período, fato que aponta para a captação ainda deficiente do SINASC nas microrregiões. O resultado da análise de variância da cobertura do SINASC em relação ao Censo apresentou uma interação significativa entre as variáveis UF versus Ano (p-valor < 0,0001), causada pelos estados que apresentaram queda de cobertura entre 2000 e 2010. Quanto à incompletude dos itens da DNV, evidenciou-se uma melhor coleta no período, embora alguns itens ainda careçam de atenção, como o apgar no 1º e 5º minuto e ocupação da mãe, sendo esta a que apresenta maiores percentuais de informações ignoradas. Destaca-se a possibilidade de preenchimento inconsistente nas variáveis referentes ao histórico de gestações anteriores, com o uso da informação zero inserida no lugar da informação ignorado . Concluiu-se que o SINASC é uma importante base de dados sobre nascimentos e que dispõe de dados confiáveis para o acompanhamento dos nascimentos e de seu panorama epidemiológico no Nordeste brasileiro, embora para alguns estados, assim como para algumas microrregiões, ainda faz-se necessária a ampliação da cobertura do Sistema. As informações constantes na DNV podem servir como embasamento para diversos estudos sobre as condições epidemiológicas dos nascituros e das suas mães, e dos indicadores baseados as informações dos nascimentos

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Foram examinados 10 bezerros da raça Holandesa com duas a quatro semanas de idade, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, controle e infectado. Os bezerros do grupo-controle foram inoculados por via intrabronquial com 5ml de solução salina fosfato-tamponada Dulbecco (DPBSS). Os do grupo infectado receberam um inóculo contendo 5x10(9) unidades formadoras de colônia-UFC de Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica, suspensas em 5ml de DPBSS. As amostras de sangue foram colhidas 15 minutos antes e uma, duas, quatro e seis horas após a inoculação. O proteinograma sérico foi obtido por eletroforese em gel de acrilamida. As concentrações séricas das proteínas de pesos moleculares 125.000 D (ceruloplasmina), 60.000 D (a1-antitripsina), 45.000 D (haptoglobina) e 40.000 D (glicoproteína ácida) foram significativamente maiores em bezerros infectados do que nos do grupo-controle. Os resultados indicam que as concentrações das proteínas de fase aguda se elevaram mais rapidamente que o previamente imaginado. O proteinograma sérico pode ser útil no monitoramento da evolução da pneumonia de bezerros causada por M. haemolytica.

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Foram examinados 20 eqüinos adultos portadores de abdômen agudo e submetidos à laparotomia. Dez recuperaram-se sem intercorrência pós-operatória (G1) e 10 foram a óbito sete a 10 dias após a cirurgia, com sinais de choque séptico (G2). Avaliaram-se temperatura retal, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, tempo de preenchimento capilar e teores plasmáticos das proteínas de fase aguda - fibrinogênio, ceruloplasmina, proteína C-reativa, antitripsina, haptoglobina e glicoproteína ácida -, antes e até sete dias após a laparotomia. As leucometrias às 72h e no sétimo dia pós-operatório dos eqüinos que foram a óbito foram, respectivamente, 34,6% e 57,1%, mais altas que a dos animais curados. Os maiores valores de proteína de fase aguda ocorreram no sétimo dia após a cirurgia; os percentuais de elevação de fibrinogênio, antitripsina, glicoproteina ácida, proteína C-reativa, ceruloplasmina e haptoglobina de eqüinos do G2 em relação ao G1 foram 46,8%, 67,9%, 91,9%, 112,2%, 126,9% e 186,2%, respectivamente.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)