Planeamento de Experiências: Modelos e desafios dos Planos em Blocos Incompletos

O principal objetivo de um Planeamento de Experiências reside essencialmente na procura de relações entre variáveis e na comparação de níveis de fatores, recorrendo ao tratamento estatístico dos dados recolhidos. A utilização de blocos no Planeamento de Experiências é fundamental, pois permite reduzir ou eliminar a variabilidade introduzida por fatores que podem influenciar a experiência mas que não interessam e/ou não foram explicitamente incluídos durante o planeamento. Neste trabalho apresentamos os resultados do estudo e investigação dos Planos em Blocos Incompletos Equilibrados (BIBD), Planos em Blocos Incompletos Equilibrados com repetição de blocos (BIBDR) e Planos em Blocos Incompletos com blocos de diferentes dimensões (VBBD). Exploramos algumas propriedades e métodos de construção destes planos e ilustramos, sempre que possível, com exemplos. Tendo como base o planeamento em blocos, apresentamos uma aplicação dos BIBDR na área da Educação com o objetivo de comparar cinco domínios do pensamento algébrico de uma amostra de alunos do 1º ano do ensino superior em Cabo Verde. Para a análise dos dados da amostra foi utilizado o software R, versão 2.12.1. Pudemos constatar que existem diferenças significativas entre alguns dos domínios do pensamento algébrico, nomeadamente entre os domínios da Generalização da Aritmética e Tecnicismo Algébrico com os restantes domínios. Recomendamos a escolha de uma amostra mais representativa constituída por alunos de todas as instituições superiores de Cabo Verde.

Planeamento de experiências : modelos e desafios dos planos em blocos incompletos

The main purpose of an Experimental Design resides mainly in the search for relationships between variables and in comparing levels of factors, using statistical treatment of collected data. The use of blocks in Experimental Design is essential because it allows reducing or eliminating the variability introduced by factors that can influence the experience but are not of main interest and/or were not explicitly included during experiments. In this work we present the results of the study and research of Balanced Incomplete Block Designs (BIBD), Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with repeated blocks (BIBDR) and the Incomplete Blocks Designs with blocks with different dimensions (VBBD). We explore some properties and construction methods of such designs and illustrate, when possible, with examples. Based on Block Designs, we present an application of BIBDR in Education, with the aim of comparing five domains of algebraic thinking in a sample of 1st year students of higher education in Cape Verde. For the analysis of sample data, the software R was used, version 2.12.1. We observed that significant differences exist between some of the domains of algebraic thinking, especially among the domains of Generalization of Arithmetic and Algebraic Technicality with the remaining areas. For a more representative sample, we recommend a bigger sample consisting of students from all higher institutions of Cape Verde.

Planeamento de experiências : modelos e desafios dos planos em blocos incompletos

The main purpose of an Experimental Design resides mainly in the search for relationships between variables and in comparing levels of factors, using statistical treatment of collected data. The use of blocks in Experimental Design is essential because it allows reducing or eliminating the variability introduced by factors that can influence the experience but are not of main interest and/or were not explicitly included during experiments. In this work we present the results of the study and research of Balanced Incomplete Block Designs (BIBD), Balanced Incomplete Block Designs with repeated blocks (BIBDR) and the Incomplete Blocks Designs with blocks with different dimensions (VBBD). We explore some properties and construction methods of such designs and illustrate, when possible, with examples. Based on Block Designs, we present an application of BIBDR in Education, with the aim of comparing five domains of algebraic thinking in a sample of 1st year students of higher education in Cape Verde. For the analysis of sample data, the software R was used, version 2.12.1. We observed that significant differences exist between some of the domains of algebraic thinking, especially among the domains of Generalization of Arithmetic and Algebraic Technicality with the remaining areas. For a more representative sample, we recommend a bigger sample consisting of students from all higher institutions of Cape Verde.

Fermat's treatise on quadrature: A new reading

The Treatise on Quadrature of Fermat (c. 1659), besides containing the first known proof of the computation of the area under a higher parabola, R x+m/n dx, or under a higher hyperbola, R x-m/n dx with the appropriate limits of integration in each case , has a second part which was not understood by Fermat s contemporaries. This second part of the Treatise is obscure and difficult to read and even the great Huygens described it as'published with many mistakes and it is so obscure (with proofs redolent of error) that I have been unable to make any sense of it'. Far from the confusion that Huygens attributes to it, in this paper we try to prove that Fermat, in writing the Treatise, had a very clear goal in mind and he managed to attain it by means of a simple and original method. Fermat reduced the quadrature of a great number of algebraic curves to the quadrature of known curves: the higher parabolas and hyperbolas of the first part of the paper. Others, he reduced to the quadrature of the circle. We shall see how the clever use of two procedures, quite novel at the time: the change of variables and a particular case of the formulaof integration by parts, provide Fermat with the necessary tools to square very easily curves as well-known as the folium of Descartes, the cissoid of Diocles or the witch of Agnesi.

Planeamento de experiências : modelos e desafios dos planos em blocos incompletos.

O principal objetivo de um Planeamento de Experiências reside essencialmente na procura de relações entre variáveis e na comparação de níveis de fatores, recorrendo ao tratamento estatístico dos dados recolhidos. A utilização de blocos no Planeamento de Experiências é fundamental, pois permite reduzir ou eliminar a variabilidade introduzida por fatores que podem influenciar a experiência mas que não interessam e/ou não foram explicitamente incluídos durante o planeamento. Neste trabalho apresentamos os resultados do estudo e investigação dos Planos em Blocos Incompletos Equilibrados (BIBD), Planos em Blocos Incompletos Equilibrados com repetição de blocos (BIBDR) e Planos em Blocos Incompletos com blocos de diferentes dimensões (VBBD). Exploramos algumas propriedades e métodos de construção destes planos e ilustramos, sempre que possível, com exemplos. Tendo como base o planeamento em blocos, apresentamos uma aplicação dos BIBDR na área da Educação com o objetivo de comparar cinco domínios do pensamento algébrico de uma amostra de alunos do 1º ano do ensino superior em Cabo Verde. Para a análise dos dados da amostra foi utilizado o software R, versão 2.12.1. Pudemos constatar que existem diferenças significativas entre alguns dos domínios do pensamento algébrico, nomeadamente entre os domínios da Generalização da Aritmética e Tecnicismo Algébrico com os restantes domínios. Recomendamos a escolha de uma amostra mais representativa constituída por alunos de todas as instituições superiores de Cabo Verde

Bewegung im Alter : Dafür ist es nie zu spät!

Fallvignette : Herr Blanc ist ein 78-jähriger Patient mit Hypertonie, Prostatabeschwerden (ohne Inkontinenz), chronischen Lumbalgien und Arthrose im rechten Knie. Er wird zu seinem halbjährlichen Kontrolltermin vorstellig. Der Patient führt von sich aus an Beschwerden lediglich eine leichte Verstärkung der chronischen Lumbalgien an und dass er sich in den letzten Monaten ein wenig erschöpfter und lustloser fühlt. Er erklärt dies mit dem trüben, kalten Wetter («was für ein verregneter Sommer!»), wodurch er nicht so oft wie gewünscht aus dem Haus kam. Bei diesem Patienten von eher guter Gesundheit könnte die Sprechstunde hier bereits enden, nachdem man ihm vielleicht noch einige Ratschläge gegeben hat, wie er (angesichts seiner Erschöpfung) ein wenig ausspannen kann, und sein Paracetamol-Rezept erneuert wurde. Die Sprechstunde könnte (sollte!) jedoch auch eine Gelegenheit sein, um bei diesem älteren Patienten eine gesundheitliche Situation mit hohem Risiko für funktionellen Abbau zu erkennen und ihn zu motivieren, sich wieder mehr zu bewegen. Dieser Artikel mit praktischem Ansatz soll dazu anregen, wenig aktive ältere Patienten, die sich in unserer Praxis vorstellen, nach einer initialen Erfassung ihres Bewegungsverhaltens zu informieren, zu beraten und sie von den Vorteilen zu überzeugen, die angemessene Bewegung zur Aufrechterhaltung von Selbständigkeit, Autonomie und Lebensqualität leisten kann.

Teoremas de isomorfía en grupos diedros

En este art\'\ı culo discutimos los resultados principalesalcanzados en mi trabajo de grado, el cual fue dirigido por elprofesor Jairo Charris Casta\~neda. La discusi\'on la limitaremos alos llamados $(p, q)$ grupos, en particular a los grupos diedros.

Unified formalism for non-autonomous mechanical systems

We present a unified geometric framework for describing both the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms of regular and non-regular time-dependent mechanical systems, which is based on the approach of Skinner and Rusk (1983). The dynamical equations of motion and their compatibility and consistency are carefully studied, making clear that all the characteristics of the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian formalisms are recovered in this formulation. As an example, it is studied a semidiscretization of the nonlinear wave equation proving the applicability of the proposed formalism.

Homotopy Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras

This paper provides an explicit cofibrant resolution of the operad encoding Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras. Thus it defines the notion of homotopy Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras with the required homotopy properties. To define this resolution we extend the theory of Koszul duality to operads and properads that are defind by quadratic and linear relations. The operad encoding Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras is shown to be Koszul in this sense. This allows us to prove a Poincare-Birkhoff-Witt Theorem for such an operad and to give an explicit small quasi-free resolution for it. This particular resolution enables us to describe the deformation theory and homotopy theory of BV-algebras and of homotopy BV-algebras. We show that any topological conformal field theory carries a homotopy BV-algebra structure which lifts the BV-algebra structure on homology. The same result is proved for the singular chain complex of the double loop space of a topological space endowed with an action of the circle. We also prove the cyclic Deligne conjecture with this cofibrant resolution of the operad BV. We develop the general obstruction theory for algebras over the Koszul resolution of a properad and apply it to extend a conjecture of Lian-Zuckerman, showing that certain vertex algebras have an explicit homotopy BV-algebra structure.

Macaulay style formulas for sparse resultants

We present formulas for computing the resultant of sparse polyno- mials as a quotient of two determinants, the denominator being a minor of the numerator. These formulas extend the original formulation given by Macaulay for homogeneous polynomials.

Generating functions for the numbers of Abelian extensions of a local field

The aim of this paper is to give an explicit formula for the num- bers of abelian extensions of a p-adic number field and to study the generating function of these numbers. More precisely, we give the number of abelian ex- tensions with given degree and ramification index, and the number of abelian extensions with given degree of any local field of characteristic zero. Moreover, we give a concrete expression of a generating function for these last numbers

Extensions of maps defined on many fibres

Let S be a fibred surface. We prove that the existence of morphisms from non countably many fibres to curves implies, up to base change, the existence of a rational map from S to another surface fibred over the same base reflecting the properties of the original morphisms. Under some conditions of unicity base change is not needed and one recovers exactly the initial maps.

Bounds on multisecant lines

The purpose of this paper is two fold. First, we give an upper bound on the orderof a multisecant line to an integral arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay subscheme in Pn of codimension two in terms of the Hilbert function. Secondly, we givean explicit description of the singular locus of the blow up of an arbitrary local ring at a complete intersection ideal. This description is used to refine standardlinking theorem. These results are tied together by the construction of sharp examples for the bound, which uses the linking theorems.