Agentes polinizadores e produ����o de gr��os em cultura de caf�� ar��bica cv. ���Catua�� Vermelho���

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) plants had the pollination process of their flowers studied in three coffee producing regions in Brazil: the first in Ribeirao Preto, state of S��o Paulo, in September of 2004, the second in Carmo do Paraiba, in the state of Minas Gerais, in October of 2006, and, the third, in Altinopolis, state of S��o Paulo, in September of 2007. In all these locations the coffee variety used was the 'Catuai Vermelho'. The pollinator species visiting the flowers, the frequency with which the flowers were visited by the insects, and the type of material collected by them ( nectar and/or pollen) were determined by counts taking place at the first 10 minutes of each hour from 7:00 AM till 6:00 PM during the months mentioned above. To estimate the fructification percentage, 25 branches were identified with color threads and protected with wire frames covered with a nylon fabric to prevent them from being visited by insects. Another group of 25 branches was similarly identified but remained without any covering so that their flowers were thus freely visited by insects. on the average, the most frequent pollinator was the Africanized bee Apis mellifera (73.7%) followed by the bee Trigona spinipes (14.5%), and Tetragonisca angustula (9.5%). The Africanized bee collected nectar and pollen to almost the same extent: 58.5% of the first and 41.5% of the second. To collect nectar, that species increased its visiting frequency up to 1:00 PM. To collect pollen, A. mellifera visited the flowers up to 1:00 PM with frequency peaks between 8:00 and 9:00 AM. T. spinipes collected pollen (58,5%) and nectar (41.5%). T. angustula collected only pollen. The branches freely visited by insects produced 181 grains on the average whereas those covered with the nylon fabric produced only 81 grains, this meaning a reduction of 55.25% in grain production. Coffee grains produced on the freely visited branches had a mean weight (1.13 g) significantly superior to that of those produced on the covered branches (0.94 g).

Controle da pinta preta dos frutos c��tricos em cultivo org��nico com agentes de biocontrole e produtos alternativos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient��fico e Tecnol��gico (CNPq)

Efeito de herbicidas sobre agentes fitopatog��nicos

Na agricultura moderna, diversas tecnologias auxiliam no aumento da produtividade, sendo o herbicida uma delas, mas existem consequ��ncias atreladas ao seu uso, como os diversos efeitos sobre organismos n��o alvos. Neste trabalho, objetivou-se verificar esses efeitos sobre agentes fitopatog��nicos, assim como avaliar o efeito do herbicida glyphosate sobre diversas doen��as, em plantas de soja transg��nicas. Verificou-se forte a����o fungicida com o uso do herbicida glyphosate, assim como os outros avaliados in vitro, sobre os fungos testados, e os mesmos resultados foram observados nas plantas em condi����o de campo.

Utiliza����o de microemuls��es como agentes modificadores de superf��cies para remo����o de ��ons met��licos

The heavy metals are used in many industrial processes and when discharged to the environment can cause harmful effects to human, plants and animals. The adsorption technology has been used as an effective methodology to remove metallic ions. The search for new adsorbents motivated the development of this research, accomplished with the purpose of removing Cr (III) from aqueous solutions. Diatomite, chitosan, Filtrol 24TM and active carbon were used as adsorbents. To modify the adsorbent surface was used a bicontinuous microemulsion composed by water (25%), kerosene (25%), saponified coconut oil (10%) and as co-surfactant isoamyl or butyl alcohols (40%). With the objective of developing the best operational conditions the research started with the surfactant synthesis and after that the pseudo-ternary diagrams were plotted. It was decided to use the system composed with isoamyl alcohol as co-surfactant due its smallest solubility in water. The methodology to impregnate the microemulsion on the adsorbents was developed and to prepare each sample was used 10 g of adsorbent and 20 mL of microemulsion. The effect of drying time and temperature was evaluated and the best results were obtained with T = 65 ��C and t = 48 h. After evaluating the efficiency of the tested adsorbents it was decided to use chitosan and diatomite. The influence of the agitation speed, granule size, heavy metal synthetic solution concentration, pH, contact time between adsorbent and metal solution, presence or not of NaCl and others metallic ions in the solution (copper and nickel) were evaluated. The adsorption isotherms were obtained and Freundlich and Langmuir models were tested. The last one correlated better the data. With the purpose to evaluate if using a surfactant solution would supply similar results, the adsorbent surface was modified with this solution. It was verified that the adsorbent impregnated with a microemulsion was more effective than the one with a surfactant solution, showing that the organic phase (kerosene) was important in the heavy metal removal process. It was studied the desorption process and verified that the concentrated minerals acids removed the chromium from the adsorbent surface better than others tested solutions. The treatment showed to be effective, being obtained an increase of approximately 10% in the chitosan s adsorption capacity (132 mg of Cr3+ / g adsorbent), that was already quite efficient, and for diatomite, that was not capable to remove the metal without the microemulsion treatment, it was obtained a capacity of 10 mg of Cr3+ / g adsorbent, checking the applied treatment effectiveness

Recorte dos produtos educacionais em hist��ria no ensino da matem��tica e em did��tica da matem��tica a partir das disserta����es e teses defendidas no brasil entre 1990-2010

This work has the main purpose of conducting a survey of educational products present in dissertations and doctoral theses focused on the use of history in mathematics teaching and Didactics of mathematics with a French foundation produced in graduate programs in the strict sense of the Brazil between 1990 and 2010, the areas of Education, Mathematics Education, school of Natural Sciences and Mathematics and related areas, according to the research proposal of Mendes (2010). Our interest was to select the products that present concrete proposals for educational activities that can be used in the classroom of Basic Education and Training of Teachers of Mathematics. The research was implemented through a bibliographic study documents the Bank of dissertations and theses from CAPES, libraries and archives of some Postgraduate programs in the country who focus their studies on the subject object of this research, besides the Brazilian Digital Library Theses and Dissertations (BDBTD). From this survey we selected works that present educational products materialized in blocks of activities based on the use of teaching history of mathematics to the classroom as well as the sequence of activities based on the Teaching of Mathematics. In possession of material, produce a CD-ROM containing the selected activities, in order to help support the work of teachers regarding the use of these activities, as a supplementary material to textbooks in their math classes

Bairro Planalto, Natal-RN: agentes, usos e conflitos

This research has the goal to analyze the urban setting of the Planalto neighborhood, in Natal /RN, seeking to unravel the processes, agents and contradictions associated with the production of the space. The choice of neighborhood is justified by the observation that changes in its urban setting have been growing in speedy way. We highlight the performance of the housing market, in partnership with the state, and the construction of condominiums and buildings closed by the housing program Minha Casa, Minha Vida. This has favored the reproduction of a new " urban reality in the neighborhood, setting an urban standard that differs from the original morphology, seen as peripheral within the urban dynamics of the city. The research is a qualitative study, through documents, interviews with stakeholders, and photographic documentation. In this perspective , we seek to understand the current phase (2000s) the production of space in the neighborhood process through the development of the housing market , as an extension of the urban development in central zone of Natal/RN, analyzing the performance of agents and their producers the "new " uses redefining the "old ". Thus, it can be seen that there is in the neighborhood, urban reality in a pluralistic constitution, from the existence of different social classes inhabiting the same space. On this way, the city is produced from the appropriation of space by different social classes, although due to the economic condition of each of them

Analisando conhecimentos e pr��ticas de agentes educacionais e professoras relacionados �� alimenta����o infantil

Objetivou-se identificar os conhecimentos e as pr��ticas relacionados �� alimenta����o de crian��as entre zero e tr��s anos, a fim de complementar a forma����o das profissionais que trabalham com crian��as, na ��rea da educa����o nutricional. O procedimento metodol��gico seguiu as orienta����es do estudo de caso, com abordagem qualitativa. Os saberes e as pr��ticas das participantes do estudo foram analisados por meio de quest��es abertas e fechadas e das observa����es dos t��picos relacionados �� nutri����o infantil, juntamente com os dados sobre a forma����o dessas profissionais. Pode-se concluir que tanto as agentes educacionais quanto as professoras de Ensino Infantil s��o detentoras de um conhecimento sobre Nutri����o Infantil, por��m a preocupa����o maior destas foi atender as necessidades nutricionais das crian��as por meio de uma boa alimenta����o, deixando, em segundo plano, as atividades pedag��gicas, as quais poderiam ser realizadas em um programa de educa����o nutricional, constru��do coletivamente e inserido no projeto pol��tico-pedag��gico da escola.

A percep����o da fiscaliza����o dos contratos de m��o de obra terceirizada pelos agentes envolvidos nesse processo no ��mbito da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte: uma an��lise sob o modelo do principal-agente

Outsourcing has emerged as one of the new ways of guiding the work. For its advantages and be consistent with the paradigms of managerial reform, outsourcing also started to be used in the Public Administration. However, taking into account the particularities of the latter, some issues are relevant when outsourcing concluded with the State. Gains notoriety, for example, the step of monitoring these contracts, to the extent that, from this activity, we can avoid the negative effects of outsourcing like the fact that the state will pay for labor and wage liens that are obligation of the company providing the services. This study aims to understand the perception that this process is under the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, from the point of view of different stakeholders, also explaining the motivations that these agents have to perform the supervisory process. As a theoretical basis was used the Agency Theory, which reinforces the supervisory activities as a necessary means to minimize moral hazard and adverse selection, seeking to understand not only the different motivations tax contracts to properly perform their duties, but also analyze other phenomena arising from this contractual relationship. To achieve the proposed objectives, were taken a literature review and a presentation of how to organize the management and oversight of contracts in UFRN. The methodological procedures included questionnaires and interviews with those involved in the process. After analyzing the results obtained in the survey instruments , and also based on the laws, regulations and instructions governing the procurement process within the UFRN, it was concluded that the process of overseeing the outsourcing of labor contracts in UFRN is not fully institutionalized, some points should be strengthened in order to have the consolidation of this process, highlighting the need for training of UFRN servers that act as tax, the knowledge that the contractual penalties are applied effectively, the need that there is a supervisor of tax of contractors and also the realization of the rotation system of outsourced employees

Os agentes funer��rios e a morte: o cuidado presente diante da vida ausente

The present time is marked by the art of escape from death, which has become synonymous with failure, its exposure has become intolerable and the care of the dead body were assigned to third parties who market this practice through services and products that shape the market undertaker. In this context, in which death is an object of study, has arisen funeral officers, as professionals dealing with a dead body, with the pain of relatives and their reactions, often being the first to have contact with the death scene. As professionals in the health area, the morticians also deal with death. The first attempt to prevent the arrival of death, funeral officers already has begun their work routine from there. Death and its surrounding part of their profession. What about those professionals whose work demands as a feared and denied by society? This study aims to understand the intents, meanings and implications for the mortician to deal with death in their daily work in order to focus renewed attention to the care of these professionals. To this end, it was carried out a qualitative research grounded in the theoretical framework of Gadamerian hermeneutics for production and interpretation of narratives. It was used two methodological strategies for data collection: in-depth interview with script and workshop with the use of "scenes". Research participants were nine morticians funeral of two funeral agencies of the city of Natal. It was possible to detect the presence of the social imaginary of interdiction on the theme of death from living with feelings of his presence daily, from the need of respondents to naturalize their contacts with death, a requirement of their office to deal with the difficulties of manipulating body fluids and odors, sometimes in a state of decomposition; allied to wishes to achieve the goal of delivering to family-customers a "embellished" body for the final farewell. Being a mortician, in addition to not being a professional motivation, involves facing difficulties related to heavy routine work, low salaries, unprofitable work materials and equipments, besides having to deal with the social gaze that devalues the profession. In turn, they also deal with the pain coming especially from contact with family members, either when they are targets of these feelings of anger, whether they identify with the pain of the bereaved ones. On the other hand, when the recognition and gratitude of the families occur, they find meaning and beauty in their profession of caring for the dead body. The present study by giving voice to morticians has become possible to understand better their profession, the pain that surrounds and care needs of these workers. Finally, it has argued that the mortician may be recognized as a care professional for the way exercising caution with the dead body and their families.

Pol��ticas p��blicas para a terceira idade: uma avalia����o do Programa Idoso Cidad��o da Prefeitura Municipal de Mossor��/RN

Nos ��ltimos anos, o tema velhice tem despertado mais a aten����o de diversos setores da sociedade. O resultado disso �� o aumento de reportagens, artigos, monografias, disserta����es e teses sobre ele.O Brasil est�� caminhando para se tornar a sexta popula����o de idosos no mundo, fruto do grande avan��o tecnol��gico, intensificado na segunda metade do s��culo XX, facilitando as conquistas da medicina, da sa��de e da gen��tica. Vale salientar que essa problem��tica est�� inserida em um contexto social, pol��tico e econ��mico espec��fico, que �� o da resignifica����o do poder local. �� nessa conjuntura que situamos o presente trabalho, que �� um estudo sobre a avalia����o de pol��ticas p��blicas. Nesse sentido, procuramos analisar a efetividade do Programa Idoso Cidad��o, da Prefeitura Municipal de Mossor��. O quadro de refer��ncia te��rico-metodol��gico situa-se na revis��o da literatura sobre terceira idade, poder local e avalia����o de pol��ticas p��blicas, observa����o assistem��tica; e entrevista semi-estruturada com os gestores, os profissionais envolvidos e particularmente com os usu��rios do Programa, tendo como meta averiguar como esses agentes percebem a implementa����o e os resultados do Programa. Com este tratamento conceitual foi poss��vel apreender as condi����es em que se deu o estudo sobre a efetividade do referido programa para o processo de inclus��o dos idosos na sociedade. O Programa Idoso Cidad��o ��, sem d��vida, um avan��o no trabalho com os idosos e na inclus��o destes na sociedade. �� um espa��o para a constru����o da cidadania, embora apresente muitas limita����es, principalmente na ��rea f��sica e no quadro profissional. Constatou-se que, de modo geral, o Programa atende ��s necessidades b��sicas de sua clientela. Portanto podemos dizer que a avalia����o da efetividade dessa pol��tica de atendimento ao idoso se mostrou eficaz, uma vez que podemos perceber o quanto o programa �� importante para a vida de seus usu��rios, promovendo a eleva����o de sua auto-estima e de sua aceita����o como categoria social

Sistema de agentes polig��nicos para estegan��lise de imagens digitais

In this work, we propose a multi agent system for digital image steganalysis, based on the poliginic bees model. Such approach aims to solve the problem of automatic steganalysis for digital media, with a case study on digital images. The system architecture was designed not only to detect if a file is suspicious of covering a hidden message, as well to extract the hidden message or information regarding it. Several experiments were performed whose results confirm a substantial enhancement (from 67% to 82% success rate) by using the multi-agent approach, fact not observed in traditional systems. An ongoing application using the technique is the detection of anomalies in digital data produced by sensors that capture brain emissions in little animals. The detection of such anomalies can be used to prove theories and evidences of imagery completion during sleep provided by the brain in visual cortex areas

Um framework de agentes de recomenda����o para sistemas Web

The World Wide Web has been consolidated over the last years as a standard platform to provide software systems in the Internet. Nowadays, a great variety of user applications are available on the Web, varying from corporate applications to the banking domain, or from electronic commerce to the governmental domain. Given the quantity of information available and the quantity of users dealing with their services, many Web systems have sought to present recommendations of use as part of their functionalities, in order to let the users to have a better usage of the services available, based on their profile, history navigation and system use. In this context, this dissertation proposes the development of an agent-based framework that offers recommendations for users of Web systems. It involves the conception, design and implementation of an object-oriented framework. The framework agents can be plugged or unplugged in a non-invasive way in existing Web applications using aspect-oriented techniques. The framework is evaluated through its instantiation to three different Web systems

Avalia����o de arquitetura de agentes emocionais : uma abordagem baseada em m��trica de qualidade e na influ��ncia das emo����es sobre usu��rios

There is a need for multi-agent system designers in determining the quality of systems in the earliest phases of the development process. The architectures of the agents are also part of the design of these systems, and therefore also need to have their quality evaluated. Motivated by the important role that emotions play in our daily lives, embodied agents researchers have aimed to create agents capable of producing affective and natural interaction with users that produces a beneficial or desirable result. For this, several studies proposing architectures of agents with emotions arose without the accompaniment of appropriate methods for the assessment of these architectures. The objective of this study is to propose a methodology for evaluating architectures emotional agents, which evaluates the quality attributes of the design of architectures, in addition to evaluation of human-computer interaction, the effects on the subjective experience of users of applications that implement it. The methodology is based on a model of well-defined metrics. In assessing the quality of architectural design, the attributes assessed are: extensibility, modularity and complexity. In assessing the effects on users' subjective experience, which involves the implementation of the architecture in an application and we suggest to be the domain of computer games, the metrics are: enjoyment, felt support, warm, caring, trust, cooperation, intelligence, interestingness, naturalness of emotional reactions, believabiliy, reducing of frustration and likeability, and the average time and average attempts. We experimented with this approach and evaluate five architectures emotional agents: BDIE, DETT, Camurra-Coglio, EBDI, Emotional-BDI. Two of the architectures, BDIE and EBDI, were implemented in a version of the game Minesweeper and evaluated for human-computer interaction. In the results, DETT stood out with the best architectural design. Users who have played the version of the game with emotional agents performed better than those who played without agents. In assessing the subjective experience of users, the differences between the architectures were insignificant

An��lise cl��nica e biomec��nica do efeito do diclofenaco s��dico na consolida����o da fratura da t��bia no rato

Os AINH (Antiinflamatórios n��o hormonais) s��o agentes utilizados na pr��tica cl��nica que interferem no processo inflamat��rio pela inibi����o da s��ntese de prostaglandinas e tromboxanos. Alguns trabalhos experimentais investigaram sua a����o no processo de consolida����o de fraturas, por meio de estudos cl��nicos e histol��gicos, sendo escassas as an��lises biomec��nicas. Nesse estudo foram utilizados 20 ratos da linhagem Wistar, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos iguais: grupo A (controle) e grupo B (tratado com diclofenaco s��dico). em ambos os grupos foram realizadas fraturas abertas, ap��s perfura����o, na t��bia direita. A administra����o da droga foi via intramuscular, dose ��nica di��ria, por 28 dias. Os animais foram pesados semanalmente. Ap��s o sacrif��cio as t��bias foram dissecadas, pesadas e submetidas a ensaio biomec��nico de flex��o analisando-se carga m��xima, deforma����o e coeficiente de rigidez. Observou-se que no grupo tratado com AINH n��o houve aumento do peso corp��reo a partir da segunda semana e as t��bias fraturadas foram mais pesadas. Neste grupo o calo ��sseo suportou menor carga m��xima, apresentando maior deforma����o e menor coeficiente de rigidez. Nos animais tratados, o osso n��o fraturado tamb��m se mostrou menos r��gido. Concluiu-se, nas condi����es estudadas, que o DS alterou o processo de consolida����o e o metabolismo ��sseo, levando a retardo na matura����o do calo e menor rigidez do osso intacto, respectivamente.

Doen��as de Veicula����o H��drica em Trechos da Bacia do Rio Piranhas-Assu: ocorr��ncia de bact��rias oportunistas, caracteriza����o epidemiol��gica e concep����es de professores e agentes de sa��de

Water is essential to life and all living organisms and their supply is necessary for economic development and quality of life of human populations, but their quality has been altered by human actions. In semi-arid northeast, the water is an issue of concern, especially its quality. This region is common to the construction of reservoirs that capture rain water, streams and temporary rivers in search of ease this situation, being intended for various purposes. Water scarcity is a limiting factor for the economic and social development of the region and contributes to the maintenance of waterborne diseases. About 80% of diseases that occur in developing countries are infected by waterborne pathogens. Therefore, this study aimed to determine in two environments that are part of semil��nticos Armando Ribeiro Gon��alves reservoir, and a stretch of the river Assu, all located in the semiarid RN, the occurrence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria; check the conceptions of teachers and health workers about the issues "waterborne diseases" and "bacteria" and a diagnosis of diarrheal diseases that affect the population in some municipalities of the semi-arid region of RN from a survey of epidemiological data. For identification of bacteria using commercial kits and the diagnosis of diarrheal disease was based on information from databases. The previous conceptions of teachers and health workers were obtained through questionnaires. The results confirmed the presence of opportunistic bacteria in the studied area, showing the importance of monitoring water quality. There was an under-reporting of cases of diarrhea pointing out flaws in the monitoring of Diarrheal Diseases and indicating the need to improve it. It was felt also the need to implement educational activities on topics dealt with both with teachers and health workers, since they were identified misconceptions on the subject