436 resultados para 90s
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Mestrado em Contabilidade e Gestão das Instituições Financeiras
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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre o relato do resultado integral, quer na vertente das normas que o regulam, quer ao nível da investigação empírica realizada sobre o mesmo. Embora a apresentação do resultado integral esteja vertida nas normas de contabilidade americanas, desde a década de 90 do século XX, a mesma apenas surge nas normas de contabilidade portuguesas em 2010, com a entrada em vigor do Sistema de Normalização Contabilística (SNC). O SNC prevê a apresentação do resultado integral na demonstração de alterações no capital próprio, formato esse que, atualmente, já não é permitido nas normas do Financial Accounting Standards Board e do International Accounting Standards Board. A revisão de literatura efetuada permite identificar, como oportunidade de investigação futura, a análise aos componentes do “outro resultado integral” das empresas que adotam o SNC, no sentido de aferir até que ponto será pertinente a Comissão de Normalização Contabilística repensar a apresentação do resultado integral para estas empresas.
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O vírus Zika (Flavivirus) é um arbovírus transmitido sobretudo por mosquitos, mas também, por transmissão materno-fetal e sexual. Existem evidências que as infeções por vírus Zika podem estar associadas à síndrome de Guillian-Barré e a casos congénitos de microcefalia e outras malformações do sistema nervoso central. As infeções por vírus Zika, Dengue e Chikungunya partilham, atualmente, os mosquitos vetores, a sintomatologia e a distribuição geográfica. O Centro de Estudos de Vetores e Doenças Infeciosas do Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge no seu Laboratório Nacional de Referência de Vírus Transmitidos por Vetores tem desenvolvido o diagnóstico e estudos epidemiológicos de vírus transmitidos por artrópodes desde o princípio dos anos 90. O diagnóstico de Zika foi desenvolvido e padronizado em 2007. O laboratório desenvolveu testes de diagnóstico molecular e serológico tendo identificado vários casos de importação para o território português e feito o diagnóstico diferencial com Dengue e Chikungunya e o despiste de infeção em grávidas e em casos de transmissão sexual.
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This is the first complete critical edition of the organ works of Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji (1892--‐1988). Of the three solo symphonies presented here only the first has previously appeared in print (Curwen, 1925). The other two works, both of hugely greater dimensions than the first, have not been published before although, in the late 1980s/early 90s, the present writer produced a hand‐copied edition of the second symphony that has been available in print form and in PDF through the Sorabji Archive since 1991.
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Argentina, en 2001, luego de experimentar una de las crisis más profunda de su historia, consecuencia de la primacía de las políticas neoliberales durante la década de 1990 y de los resultados negativos en términos de crecimiento y desigualdad socio-espacial a que estas dieron lugar, comenzó a reconsiderar el rol del Estado en la economía. En dicho contexto se lo sindicó como un actor estratégico para dinamizar un crecimiento inclusivo que viabilice el desarrollo. La promoción estatal a la actividad industrial ocupó un lugar central en la consecución de dicho objetivo. Transcurrida ya más de una década, en el presente trabajo se demuestra, a través del análisis de estadísticas oficiales, cómo la re-intervención del Estado poco ha podido hacer para avanzar en la conformación de un tejido industrial complejo, dinámico y descentralizado –actoral y espacialmente–, que permita viabilizar el desarrollo.
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In this dissertation, I examine how migration narratives make an ambiguous contribution to the democratization of French national borders. National borders are essentially spaces of crises from which it is possible to study the constant evolution of national identity. Migration narratives, regardless of their ideological dimension, offer representations of the border and of the foreigner that result from a tension between the difficulty to think identity outside of the national frame and the questioning of such a strong tie between identity and the nation. At the border, identities are fundamentally unstable. The first part is focused on the north-eastern and the southern borders of France at the end of the 19th century. The French nationalist literature at the time, advocating for the return of Alsace-Lorraine to the Republic, is characterized by a tension between nationalism and regionalism. The ideology of latinity constitutes a second major feature of the discourse on French identity. Developed by Louis Bertrand, it claims that France can only be regenerated in Algeria. However, a gap between his fictional works and his essays reveals latinity as hybrid and heterogeneous. Borders are also polysemic, namely, they do have the same meaning for everyone. The second part of the dissertation focuses on the southern border of France from the 30s to the 90s. The study of films and novels demonstrate that former borders are still active, especially colonial borders. Finally, the third part of the dissertation addresses the representation of migrants who were trapped in the north of France, at the border of the Schengen area, from the 90s to 2009. Migration narratives bring attention to the totalitarian tendencies of the state, but they also struggle with the contradictions of the humanitarian discourse and the analogies made with previous immigration waves.
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This book is a synthesizing reflection on the Holocaust commemoration, in which space becomes a starting point for discussion. The author understands space primarily as an amalgam of physical and social components, where various commemorative processes may occur. The first part of the book draws attention to the material aspect of space, which determines its character and function. Material culture has been a long ignored and depreciated dimension of human culture in the humanities and social sciences, because it was perceived as passive and fully controlled by human will, and therefore insignificant in the course of social and historical processes. An example of the Nazi system perfectly illustrates how important were the restrictions and prohibitions on the usage of mundane objects, and in general, the whole material culture in relation to macro and micro space management — the state, cities, neighborhoods and houses, but also parks and swimming pools, factories and offices or shops and theaters. The importance of things and space was also clearly visible in exploitative policies present in overcrowded ghettos and concentration and death camps. For this very reason, when we study spatial forms of Holocaust commemoration, it should be acknowledged that the first traces, proofs and mementoes of the murdered were their things. The first "monuments" showing the enormity of the destruction are thus primarily gigantic piles of objects — shoes, glasses, toys, clothes, suitcases, toothbrushes, etc., which together with the extensive camps’ space try to recall the scale of a crime impossible to understand or imagine. The first chapter shows the importance of introducing the material dimension in thinking about space and commemoration, and it ends with a question about one of the key concepts for the book, a monument, which can be understood as both object (singular or plural) and architecture (sculptures, buildings, highways). However, the term monument tends to be used rather in a later and traditional sense, as an architectural, figurative form commemorating the heroic deeds, carved in stone or cast in bronze. Therefore, the next chapter reconstructs this narrower line of thinking, together with a discussion about what form a monument commemorating a subject as delicate and sensitive as the Holocaust should take on. This leads to an idea of the counter-monument, the concept which was supposed to be the answer to the mentioned representational dilemma on the one hand, and which would disassociate it from the Nazi’s traditional monuments on the other hand. This chapter clarifies the counter-monument definition and explains the misunderstandings and confusions generated on the basis of this concept by following the dynamics of the new commemorative form and by investigating monuments from the ‘80s and ‘90s erected in Germany. In the next chapter, I examine various forms of the Holocaust commemoration in Berlin, a city famous for its bold, monumental, and even controversial projects. We find among them the entire spectrum of memorials – big, monumental, and abstract forms, like Peter Eisenman’s Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe or Daniel Liebeskind’s Jewish Museum Berlin; flat, invisible, and employing the idea of emptiness, like Christian Boltanski’s Missing House or Micha Ullman’s Book Burning Memorial; the dispersed and decentralized, like Renata Stih and Frieder Schnock’s Memory Places or Gunter Demnig’s Stumbling Blocks. I enrich descriptions of the monuments by signaling at this point their second, extended life, which manifests itself in the alternative modes of (mis)use, consisting of various social activities or artistic performances. The formal wealth of the outlined projects creates a wide panorama of possible solutions to the Holocaust commemoration problems. However, the discussions accompanying the building of monuments and their "future life" after realization emphasize the importance of the social component that permeates the biography of the monument, and therefore significantly influences its foreseen design. The book also addresses the relationship of space, place and memory in a specific situation, when commemoration is performed secretly or remains as unrealized potential. Although place is the most common space associated with memory, today the nature of this relationship changes, and is what indicates popularity and employment of such terms as Marc Augé’s non-places or Pierre Nora’s site of memory. I include and develop these concepts about space and memory in my reflections to describe qualitatively different phenomena occurring in Central and Eastern European countries. These are unsettling places in rural areas like glades or parking lots, markets and playgrounds in urban settings. I link them to the post-war time and modernization processes and call them sites of non-memory and non-sites of memory. Another part of the book deals with a completely different form of commemoration called Mystery of memory. Grodzka Gate - NN Theatre in Lublin initiated it in 2000 and as a form it situates itself closer to the art of theater than architecture. Real spaces and places of everyday interactions become a stage for these performances, such as the “Jewish town” in Lublin or the Majdanek concentration camp. The minimalist scenography modifies space and reveals its previously unseen dimensions, while the actors — residents and people especially related to places like survivors and Righteous Among the Nations — are involved in the course of the show thanks to various rituals and symbolic gestures. The performance should be distinguished from social actions, because it incorporates tools known from religious rituals and art, which together saturate the mystery of memory with an aura of uniqueness. The last discussed commemoration mode takes the form of exposition space. I examine an exhibition concerning the fate of the incarcerated children presented in one of the barracks of the Majdanek State Museum in Lublin. The Primer – Children in Majdanek Camp is unique for several reasons. First, because even though it is exhibited in the camp barrack, it uses a completely different filter to tell the story of the camp in comparison to the exhibitions in the rest of the barracks. For this reason, one experiences immersing oneself in all subsequent levels of space and narrative accompanying them – at first, in a general narrative about the camp, and later in a specifically arranged space marked by children’s experiences, their language and thinking, and hence formed in a way more accessible for younger visitors. Second, the exhibition resigns from didacticism and distancing descriptions, and takes an advantage of eyewitnesses and survivors’ testimonies instead. Third, the exhibition space evokes an aura of strangeness similar to a fairy tale or a dream. It is accomplished thanks to the arrangement of various, usually highly symbolic material objects, and by favoring the fragrance and phonic sensations, movement, while belittling visual stimulations. The exhibition creates an impression of a place open to thinking and experiencing, and functions as an asylum, a radically different form to its camp surrounding characterized by a more overwhelming and austere space.
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Online advertising has been growing rapidly since the mid-90s. In recent years, online advertising has become as relevant as an advertising medium as print and television are. However, despite the growth, the generally held consensus is that consumers are not interested in online advertisements. The arrival of online ad blocking tools has offered consumers a very effective way to avoid and block online advertisements. Although these tools have now been around for several years and the most popular software’s have hundreds of millions of active users, the phenomenon of ad blocking has gathered surprisingly little attention from academic marketing research. For this reason, ad blocking was chosen as the topic of this thesis study. The researcher was particularly interested in the reasons behind the usage of online ad blocking tools. The object of the empirical part of this study is to provide new and valid information regarding the reasons behind the usage of online ad blocking tools. The empirical research of this study consisted of a survey study that mixed both quantitative and qualitative elements. Although the sample size of the study was fairly limited, the study provided useful answers to individual research questions and provided new knowledge regarding the reasons behind the usage of online ad blocking and the phenomenon of ad blocking as a whole. The study provides further evidence that consumers are aware of online ad blocking tools and a significant portion of them are interested in using them. This study indicates that many of the consumers who do not have previous knowledge of these tools would actually be interested in them. The reason for the usage of online ad blocking tools varies from institutional reasons to instrumental reason, such as poor quality of the online advertisements. However, there were participants who were not interested in the usage of online ad blocking tools, and some of them reported to find online advertising useful. There also seems to be a concern among some consumers that online ad blocking will have a negative effect on online content in the future if the ad blocking will keep growing as a phenomenon. This certainly can be the case, and it is very interesting to see how the development of online ad blocking will shape the online advertising, how the advertising industry will respond to the growth of online ad blocking and how will the consumers respond to these changes.
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A década de 90 inscreveu as organizações num novo cenário caracterizado pelo aparecimento da denominada nova economia. Outros desafios se colocaram e a luta pela sobrevivência tornou- se uma constante diária para as empresas que operam em actividades altamente competitivas. O presente artigo visa analisar este contexto. Discutem-se as novas preocupações e problemáticas, designadamente as novas competências-chave, a moldagem de futuros competitivos, onde o conhecimento e a aprendizagem são as principais armas de diferenciação entre as organizações. Consequentemente, a informação, a capacidade de absorção e adaptação incessantes e o fascínio pela inovação fazem o diferencial competitivo de algumas empresas centenárias.
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Seaweeds are a major source of biologically active compounds . In the extracellular matrix of these organisms are sulfated polysaccharides that functions as structural components preventing it against dehydration. The fraction 0.9 (FucB) rich in sulfated fucans obtained from brown seaweed Dictyota menstrualis was chemical characterized and evaluated for pharmacological activity by testing anticoagulant activity, stimulatory action on the synthesis of an antithrombotic heparan sulfate, antioxidant activity and its effects in cell proliferation. The main components were FucB carbohydrates (49.80 ± 0.10 %) and sulfate (42.30 ± 0.015 %), with phenolic compounds ( 3.86 ± 0.016 %) and low protein contamination ( 0.58 ± 0.001 % ) . FucB showed polydisperse profile and analysis of signals in the infrared at 1262, 1074 and 930 cm -1 and 840 assigned to S = O bonds sulfate esters , CO bond presence of 3,6- anhydrogalactose , β -D- galactose non- sulfated sulfate and the axial position of fucose C4 , respectively. FucB exhibited moderate anticoagulant activity , the polysaccharides prolonged time (aPTT ) 200 ug ( > 90s ) partial thromboplastin FucB no effect on prothrombin time (PT), which corresponds to the extrinsic pathway of coagulation was observed. This stimulation promoted fraction of about 3.6 times the synthesis of heparan sulfate (HS) by endothelial cells of the rabbit aorta ( RAEC ) in culture compared with cells not treated with FucB . This has also been shown to compete for the binding site with heparin. The rich fraction sulfated fucans exhibited strong antioxidant activity assays on total antioxidant (109.7 and 89.5 % compared with BHT and ascorbic acid standards ) , reducing power ( 71 % compared to ascorbic acid ) and ferric chelation ( 71 , comparing with 5 % ascorbic acid). The fraction of algae showed cytostatic activity on the RAEC cells revealed that the increase of the synthesis of heparan sulfate is not related to proliferation. FucB showed antiproliferative action on cell lines modified as Hela and Hep G2 by MTT assay . These results suggest that FucB Dictyota menstrualis have anticoagulant , antithrombotic , antioxidant potential as well as a possible antitumor action, promoting the stimulation of the synthesis of antithrombotic HS by endothelial cells and is useful in the prevention of thrombosis, also due to its inhibitory action on species reactive oxygen ( ROS ) in some in vitro systems , being involved in promoting a hypercoagulable state
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Programa de Pós-graduação em Arte, 2015.
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A gestão de uma organização, independentemente da sua natureza, representa na atualidade um grande desafio. Inicialmente, o sucesso no desenvolvimento do processo de gestão de uma organização depende, essencialmente, de uma estratégia bem formulada e implementada, mas no entanto, a longo prazo, este êxito só será possível se existir um mecanismo de monitorização que permita realizar ao longo do tempo uma avaliação do desempenho. O Balanced Scorecard (BSC), da autoria de Robert Kaplan e David Norton, na década de 90, surgiu inicialmente como uma metodologia de avaliação do desempenho e rapidamente começou a ser utlizado também como um sistema de gestão estratégica. Esta ferramenta pode ser utilizada nos mais variados tipos de organizações visto que pode ser adaptada às características e especificidades de cada uma. O presente estudo tem como objetivo adaptar o Balanced Scorecard a uma organização desportiva, as Piscinas da Associação Humanitária de Bombeiros Voluntários de Colares, de modo que, relativamente à metodologia empregue, este consiste num estudo de caso. Com o objetivo de suportar o estudo de uma forma coerente, foram utilizados como instrumentos de recolha de dados um conjunto de entrevistas e a análise documental. Como principal conclusão deste estudo retiramos que o BSC é de facto uma ferramenta muito útil para desenvolver a estratégia de uma organização e avaliar o seu desempenho.
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As an example of what happened in Brazil in the 90s, it s noticed in Natal a new system of cooperative housing production which is done by advancing the users resources selffinancing. This system comes as an alternative for the real state market performance since the end of the National Housing Bank (BNH), in 1986. Self-financed housing cooperatives play an important social role by contributing to own housing acquisition by low-income population, without, however, becoming a mechanism of social interest housing production. It is important to consider that Brazil registers a housing deficit of 6.6 million housing units (IBGE 2000/Census), which, compared to 1991, shows an increment of 21.7% to a growth rate of 2.2% a year. This deficit figure has been deepening, mainly with the end of the National Housing Bank (BNH). The self-financed cooperative housing production broadens around the Metropolitan Region of Natal (RMN) and remains as an alternative to the lack of financing in the housing / real state market. In general, the aim of this work is to analyze the role of self-financing housing cooperatives on the housing production in the RMN, in order to identify their role in the real state market, in the own housing promotion and in the housing policy. The Universe of this study is performance of four housing cooperatives - CHAF-RN, COOPHAB-RN, MULTHCOOP e CNH - that work through self-financing. It is considered here an amount of 38 undertakings launched between 1993 and 2002, including 8143 housing units. The methodology adopted consists of bibliographic, documental and field research. As a result, actions like brokerage, marketing, speculation, and the criteria to define places for undertakings and final products, show how close they are to the housing market production. As a matter of fact, this short distance explains why the self-financed cooperative production for social interest housing is still limited. This reinforces the theory that it is necessary to define and implement a subsidized housing policy to serve the low-income Brazilian population
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Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2016
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En El Salvador a lo largo de los últimos diez años, se han tratado de implementar diversas medidas de política económica, las cuales pretenden apalear los principales problemas que aquejan al país; sin embargo es notorio observar que estas medidas no han sido suficientes para solucionarlos. Desde los años 90´s el crecimiento económico presentaba comportamientos oscilantes y en promedio muy bajos en comparación a otros países, ya que en ninguno de los últimos quince años, se ha logrado crecer a tasas per cápita superiores al 3%, lo cual es deficiente en comparación con el resto del mundo, en promedio el PIB per cápita promedio mundial es de (1.96%) y El Salvador tiene un promedio de crecimiento de apenas un (0.93%), otro aspecto importante de mencionar es la enorme brecha que existe en los niveles de ingresos, lo que muestra una alta desigualdad y puede observarse al comparar los índices de desarrollo humano de El Salvador con el resto del mundo, posicionándonos en el lugar N°103 en promedio, lo que nos lleva a pensar que hace falta mejorar el nivel de desarrollo en el país. Como un intento por apostarle al crecimiento económico, se diseña una estrategia enfocada a promover de forma sostenible el Desarrollo Económico Local, referida a un proceso de concertación de diversos actores, como los gobiernos locales, la sociedad civil organizada y el sector privado, con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de vida de la población, mediante la creación de más empleos y la dinamización de la economía de un territorio definido. Se trata de un proceso ampliamente participativo de todos los sectores, que promueve alianzas público-privadas en un territorio con el fin de estimular la actividad económica local. Exige el diseño de una visión en común y la implementación permanente de una estrategia de desarrollo, utilizando los recursos locales (desarrollo endógeno) y el desarrollo de ventajas competitivas en un contexto global. Además requiere crear y fortalecer la institucionalidad local de gestión, fortalecer las competencias en la población, la creación de un ambiente favorable de negocios para la atracción de inversiones y la creación de nuevas empresas, promoción de la competitividad de las empresas y la generación de ventaja competitiva regional. Es decir, se necesita la construcción de una visión y estrategia común del desarrollo territorial. Esta investigación se centró en la evaluación de la estrategia Un Pueblo Un Producto, como una técnica enfocada a promover y generar desarrollo económico local, a través de la promoción de las pequeñas y medianas empresas en mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes de las localidades propiciando el desarrollo de las capacidades que posibiliten dar mayor valor agregado a sus recursos, con el fin de promover su identidad, el respeto por la cultura local, el sentido de pertenencia y el sentimiento de orgullo. Este Movimiento al estar desarrollándose en más de 30 países, ha motivado la creación de una base de integración internacional, a través de la puesta de sus productos en los respectivos mercados; locales, regionales, nacionales e incluso internacionales, posibilitando de esta manera diversificar la oferta exportable, así como una amplia red de intercambio de información. Con la ayuda directa de CONAMYPE, institución encargada de la puesta en marcha y coordinación de la estrategia, se pudo iniciar la investigación, facilitando el acceso a la información y el cercamiento con los líderes en los diversos municipios en estudio. Se hizo un muestreo de selección al azar y avalado por CONAMYPE de tres municipios con diferentes rubros y actividades económicas; San Lorenzo con la producción de Jocote barón rojo, El Congo como un atractivo turístico y Concepción Quezaltepeque con la producción de hamacas. Con el objetivo de realizar una evaluación precisa de la estrategia se utilizaron varias herramientas estadísticas para la recolección de la información, las encuestas fueron pasadas a los habitantes de los municipios para conocer el impacto que ha tenido la estrategia en la localidad, y las entrevistas a los principales actores involucrados como el director de CONAMYPE, alcaldes, principales productores y empresarios, representantes de la estrategia en los municipios, entre otros. También se creó un índice de resultados obtenidos para analizar el comportamiento directo de la estrategia en cuatro pilares fundamentales, los cuales son: Dimensión humana, social, económica y ambiental. Los resultados de los índices calculados para las cuatro dimensiones, han permitido observar las fortalezas de la estrategia aunque aún hay deficiencias en el progreso económico del desarrollo económico local y pese a los esfuerzos que se han hecho por tratar de mejorar las condiciones de vida de los habitantes de los municipios, aún hay varios aspectos que deben mejorarse, no obstante lo anterior la implementación de la Estrategia UPUP ha mejorado el desarrollo económico local en los tres municipios que se realizó la investigación.