Les capitaines des troupes de la Marine de 1683 à 1739 : la carrière militaire en Nouvelle-France

En 1683, la monarchie française expédie en Nouvelle-France trois compagnies d’infanterie de la Marine afin de mettre un terme à la guerre contre les Iroquois qui menace la colonie sous juridiction de la Marine. Ce premier contingent se montrant incapable de mater l’ennemi, le roi envoie d’autres compagnies dirigées par des officiers qui détiennent soit une expérience dans le service de la Marine ou dans les régiments d’infanterie. La guerre dorénavant ouverte avec les colonies britanniques, force l’enracinement de ce corps d’armée au Canada. Les administrateurs vont l’appeler troupes de la Marine. Un autre facteur d’enracinement est la permission que les autorités royales accordent aux nobles de la colonie canadienne de s’engager dans le corps d’officiers. Les Canadiens y deviennent majoritaires quelques décennies plus tard. Plusieurs de ces officiers, notamment nés en colonie ont fait l’objet de biographies. Quelques études se sont penchées sur le corps d’officiers en tant qu’acteur social. Cependant, l’ensemble de la carrière militaire d’un officier des troupes de la Marine en Nouvelle-France n’a jamais été abordé. Les capitaines, étant parvenus au sommet de la hiérarchie des troupes de la Marine avant 1739, constituent le sujet de cette recherche. Ce sera donc les grandes étapes de leur expérience militaire coloniale que l’on tentera d’approfondir tout en prenant en considération le lieu de naissance de l’officier, ce qui nous permet dégager certaines tendances relatives à la carrière d’officiers militaires dans la société d’Ancien Régime.

Dilemmas in Military Medical Ethics: A Call for Conceptual Clarity

Article

« L'affaire Tartuffe, or the Garrison officers rehearse Molière »

Compte rendu critique de la pièce de théâtre de Marianne Ackerman « L'affaire Tartuffe, or the Garrison officers rehearse Molière » (mise en scène : Fernand Rainville; assistance à la mise en scène : Monique Corbeil; scénographie : Jean Bard; éclairages : Lou Arteau; costumes : Paule-Josée Meunier; musique : Bill Gagnon et Geneviève Mauffette. Avec Anne-Marie Desbiens, Gaétan Dumont, Marie-Josée Gauthiet.J.M. Henry, Neil Kroetsch, Jœl Miller, Luc Picard, Yvon Roy, Philip Spensley, Aron Tager, Robert Vézina et Jeannie Walker. Production bilingue du Théâtre 1774, présentée au Théâtre Centaur du 6 au 23 septembre 1990).

Career Officers and Political Appointees in American Diplomacy: Contending for Diplomatic Positions through Boundary Work

American Political and Economic Series

New Standards of Justice: Uncovering Motivations for Mexico’s Recent Judicial Reforms amid a Security Crisis

From the introduction: Mexico is in a state of siege. In recent years, organized crime and drug-related violence have escalated dramatically, taking innocent lives and leaving the country mired in bloodshed. The Mexican government, under the leadership of President Felipe Calderón, has responded in part by significantly extending the reach of its security operations, deploying thousands of federal police officers and military troops to combat the activities of drug cartels, and collaborating with the United States on an extensive regional security plan known as the Mérida Initiative. In the midst of the security crisis, however, the government has somewhat paradoxically adopted judicial reforms that protect human rights and civil liberties rather than erode them, specifically the presumption of innocence standard in criminal proceedings and the implementation of oral trials. Assuming that the new laws on the books will be applied in practice, these reforms represent an important commitment on the part of the government to uphold human rights and civil liberties. This is in stark contrast to the infamous judicial reforms in Colombia—the institutionalization of anonymous or “faceless” prosecutions in special courts—implemented after a surge in leftist and cartel brutality, and the murders of several prominent public and judicial officials in the 1980s.

Personal Finance of Gazetted Officers in Kerala

The purpose of personal financial management is achievement of personal financial freedom. It is a stage where finance will not be a hindrance against the fulfilment ofthe financial objectives of persons. After counting individual values and preferences we arrive at a standard or normal financial behaviour. Even though individuals differ in their tastes and preferences, there are a very large amount of commonality among them. The financial manager should list out the various financial objectives ofthe family. Then he should make the best choice from among the various alternatives on a priority based system. In short personal finance is concerned with the way in which a person manages his income and expenditure to achieve his personal financial objectives. Thus a proper personal financial planning is essential in every family for attaining financial discipline in the family. The fall ofthejoint family system, the growing financial responsibilities of modern families, limited chance ofincreasing income, growing population, financial insecurity of the government employees, lack of financial freedom, lack of proper personal financial practice and its awareness, the growing suicide rate on account offinancial crisis etc.,make the study a necessity

Professionalisation of management on German universities: the research liaison officers

Occupations of higher education institutions such as public relations offices, research liaison offices etc. are increasing. A study related to research liaison officers was conducted in Germany to identify activity profiles and qualifications. Results show no standardised education or training, but only learning by doing. From the viewpoint of professionalisation theories a reasonable professionalisation can only be achieved through an organisation of the various occupations in the field of med-level university management as a whole. Proposals for professionalisation were made, such as more systematic education and improved integration into the organisation of HEIs. Staff development is needed as well as more jobs.

Identifying the component structure of job satisfaction by principal components analysis among extension officers in North West Province, South Africa

The component structure of a 34-item scale measuring different aspects of job satisfaction was investigated among extension officers in North West Province, South Africa. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 40 extension officers from which data were collected. A structured questionnaire consisting of 34 job satisfaction and 10 personal characteristic items was administered to the extension officers. Items on job satisfaction were measured at interval level and analyzedwith Principal ComponentAnalysis. Most of the respondents (82.5%) weremales, between 40 to 45 years, 85% were married and 87.5% had a diploma as their educational qualification. Furthermore, 54% of the households size between 4 to 6 persons, whereas 75% were Christians. The majority of the extension officers lived in their job area (82.5), while 80% covered at least 3 communities and 3 farmer groups. In terms of number of farmers covered, only 40% of the extension officers covered more than 500 farmers and 45% travelled more than 40 km to reach their farmers. From the job satisfaction items 9 components were extracted to show areas for job satisfaction among extension officers. These were in-service training, research policies, communicating recommended practices, financial support for self and family, quality of technical help, opportunity to advance education, management and control of operations, rewarding system and sanctions. The results have several implications for motivating extension officers for high job performance especially with large number of clients and small number of extension agents.

Análisis de la política exterior rusa frente a Abjasia en el período 2000-2008

El objetivo de la presente monografía de grado es analizar la relación entre la identidad dentro de Rusia y la política exterior de dicho Estado hacia la región de Abjasia. Se analiza y explica la manera en que los referentes identitarios dentro de Rusia en el periodo 2000-2008 influyen en las decisiones de política exterior que Rusia tomó hacia Abjasia en el campo militar y político. Se efectúa una revisión de textos (transcripciones de intervenciones y textos escritos) del Presidente y Primer Ministro de la Federación Rusa entre 2000 y 2008 para encontrar los referentes identitarios que determinan el comportamiento de Rusia hacia otros Estados y la forma en que influenciaron sus acciones con respecto a Abjasia.

Prevalencia de riesgo psicosocial en personal civil y militar en una unidad militar de Bogotá Colombia 2014

El estudio se realizó en 2014 para establecer la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo psicosocial en el personal civil y militar en una unidad militar de Bogotá D.C. De una población universo de 632 funcionarios, se tomó por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio a 264 funcionarios a quienes se les aplicó los cuestionarios para la evaluación de Factores de Riesgo Psicosocial Intralaboral, extralaboral, síntomas de estrés y la ficha de datos sociodemográficos y ocupacionales, de la Batería de Instrumentos del Ministerio de Trabajo Colombia [1]. El estudio permitió establecer que los niveles de riesgo con síntomas de estrés son altos; el 61,74% presenta riesgo Muy alto y Alto, el 15,53% riesgo medio y 22.73% riesgo Bajo y Muy bajo. El riesgo más alto lo presentan los oficiales, seguido del personal civil y suboficiales. De mantenerse las condiciones actuales sin intervención fácilmente podrían incrementarse y de acuerdo con el modelo sistémico expuesto por Villalobos 2005, se podrían asociar a respuestas de estrés [2], por tanto se recomienda implementar un Sistema de Vigilancia Epidemiológica para riesgo psicosocial con base en los diagnósticos y sistema de gestión en seguridad y salud en el trabajo, donde se involucre personal con diagnóstico de patología mental.

Military empowerment and civilian targeting in civil war

Civilians constitute a large share of casualties in civil wars across the world. They are targeted to create fear and punish allegiance with the enemy. This maximizes collaboration with the perpetrator and strengthens the support network necessary to consolidate control over contested regions. I develop a model of the magnitude and structure of civilian killings in civil wars involving two armed groups who Öght over territorial control. Armies secure compliance through a combination of carrots and sticks. In turn, civilians di§er from each other in their intrinsic preference towards one group. I explore the e§ect of the empowerment of one of the groups in the civilian death toll. There are two e§ects that go in opposite directions. While a direct e§ect makes the powerful group more lethal, there is an indirect e§ect by which the number of civilians who align with that group increases, leaving less enemy supporters to kill. I study the conditions under which there is one dominant e§ect and illustrate the predictions using sub-national longitudinal data for Colombiaís civil war.

O movimento dos capitães, o MFA e o 25 de Abril: do marcelismo à queda do Estado Novo

O 25 de Abril de 1974 foi um dos mais importantes acontecimentos que ocorreram em Portugal durante o século XX. Como tal, entende-se útil efectuar uma observação às circunstâncias em que o país vivia na parte final do regime durante o qual o Governo foi chefiado por Marcello Caetano. Entre 1968 e 1974, verificaram-se significativas mudanças na conjuntura internacional, tanto no que concerne à economia, como a nível social e militar. Também a nível interno, a instituição militar começou a ser agitada pelos efeitos da saturação que a guerra estava a causar e que levou o Governo a tomar medidas políticas que tinham por objectivo a eternização do conflito. Nesse contexto, um grupo de oficiais, essencialmente capitães, começou a reunirse clandestinamente para encontrar formas de ultrapassar o impasse político em que o país se encontrava. A partir do momento em que esse grupo considerou que a solução do problema era o derrube do regime, iniciou uma dinâmica de planeamento que culminou com um golpe de estado militar. Este projecto faz uma observação desse período, desde que Caetano chegou ao poder até que foi derrubado, com especial enfoque na evolução da contestação dos capitães que desencadearam o golpe.