Ajuste del cálculo de evapotranspiración del cultivo de crisantemo (Dendrathema x grandiflorum Ramat) en invernadero, para diferentes ciclos

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Propuesta de innovación: potencia de un punto exterior a la circunferencia

La propuesta de innovación surge por las dificultades de los estudiantes en el aprendizaje de la geometría proporcional, en particular, en la propiedad Potencia de un punto exterior a la circunferencia.Para su diseño se considera como referente teórico, la articulación propuesta por Montoya (2010), complemento entre “Paradigmas geométricos” de Houdement y Kuzniak y los Procesos de Pruebas de Balacheff. En base a antecedentes obtenidos de un estudio epistemológico del objeto, se diseñan distintas pruebas que propician el tránsito entre los paradigmas de la geometría natural (GI ) y la geometría axiomática natural (GII) , aportando así en el aprendizaje de la propiedad en estudio.

La potencia de las TIC para el cálculo simbólico

Desde esta sección MatemásTIC intentamos en cada número dar a conocer alguna herramienta informática relacionada con las matemáticas a la que poder sacarle partido en el aula. Dada la apuesta que desde distintas comunidades autónomas se ha hecho o se está haciendo por el software libre, las herramientas que damos a conocer son para este tipo de sistemas, existiendo en algunos casos la réplica de la misma aplicación para sistemas propietarios.

Algunas demostraciones del valor de la potencia de un punto con respecto a una circunferencia

Se proponen tres demostraciones sobre el valor de la potencia de un punto con respecto a una circunferencia. La primera utiliza el método de la geometría analítica, y las propiedades de las soluciones de la ecuación de segundo grado. La segunda se basa sólo en el Teorema de Pitágoras. Y, la tercera utiliza el álgebra de vectores. Por último, se da el resultado de la potencia de un punto con respecto a una elipse. Con esto se intenta suplir el hueco en los libros de texto, de nivel de Bachillerato, que no recogen una demostración general sobre la constancia de la potencia del punto con respecto a una circunferencia.

Neutral and Charged 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Triflate Clusters: Equilibrium Concentration in the Vapor Phase and Thermal Properties of Nanometric Droplets

Ground state energy, structure, and harmonic vibrational modes of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate ([bmim][Tf]) clusters have been computed using an all-atom empirical potential model. Neutral and charged species have been considered up to a size (30 [bmim][Tf] pairs) well into the nanometric range. Free energy computations and thermodynamic modeling have been used to predict the equilibrium composition of the vapor phase as a function of temperature and density. The results point to a nonnegligible concentration of very small charged species at pressures (P ~ 0.01 Pa) and temperatures (T 600 K) at the boundary of the stability range of [bmim][Tf]. Thermal properties of nanometric neutral droplets have been investigated in the 0 T 700 K range. A near-continuous transition between a liquidlike phase at high T and a solidlike phase at low T takes place at T ~ 190 K in close correspondence with the bulk glass point Tg ~ 200 K. Solidification is accompanied by a transition in the dielectric properties of the droplet, giving rise to a small permanent dipole embedded into the solid cluster. The simulation results highlight the molecular precursors of several macroscopic properties and phenomena and point to the close competition of Coulomb and dispersion forces as their common origin.

A Fabry-Perot Refractometer for Chemical Vapor Sensing by Solid-Phase Microextraction

The contour lithography method [1] is used to improve the fabrication yield of previously demonstrated [2] microfluidic Fabry-Perot (FP) refractive index (RI) sensors. The sensors are then coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based polymers to detect vapor analytes by solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Preliminary characterization of devices coated with two different polymers and exposed to xylenes vapors yields a maximum sensitivity of 0.015 nm/ppm and a detection limit below 120 ppm.

Anatase thin films on glass from the chemical vapor deposition of titanium(IV) chloride and ethyl acetate

Thin (50-500 nm) films of TiO2 may be deposited on glass substrates by the atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) reaction of TiCl4 with ethyl acetate at 400600 C. The TiO2 films are exclusively in the form of anatase, as established by Raman microscopy and glancing angle X-ray diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy gave a 1:2 Ti:O ratio with Ti 2P(3/2) at 458.6 eV and O 1s is at 530.6 eV. The water droplet contact angle drops from 60degrees to

Electrical Breakdown in Water Vapor

In this paper investigations of the voltage required to break down water vapor are reported for the region around the Paschen minimum and to the left of it. In spite of numerous applications of discharges in biomedicine, and recent studies of discharges in water and vapor bubbles and discharges with liquid water electrodes, studies of the basic parameters of breakdown are lacking. Paschen curves have been measured by recording voltages and currents in the low-current Townsend regime and extrapolating them to zero current. The minimum electrical breakdown voltage for water vapor was found to be 480 V at a pressure times electrode distance (pd) value of around 0.6 Torr cm (similar to 0.8 Pa m). The present measurements are also interpreted using (and add additional insight into) the developing understanding of relevant atomic and particularly surface processes associated with electrical breakdown.

Multiple self-aligned iron nanowires by a dual selective chemical vapor deposition process

We have demonstrated a self-aligned process to fabricate organized iron nanowires on a planarized surface with wire dimensions down to 50 nm. Polishing was used to expose an alternating silicon silicon dioxide edge and a dual selective metal deposition process produced the nanowires. The initial selective deposition produced a tungsten layer on the exposed polysilicon regions. The discovery that selective chemical vapor deposition of iron from Fe(CO)(5) precursor on dielectric surfaces over tungsten surfaces is the key factor that enables the self-alignment of the iron nanowires. Dimensions of the wires are determined by the thickness of the thermal oxide. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society.