Carta pastoral del ilustrísimo y reverendísimo señor Arzobispo de México, sobre el nuevo oficio de María Santísima de Guadalupe.

UANL

Contribution de l’éthique théologique du caractère à l’accompagnement pastoral des jeunes adultes

Ce projet doctoral cherche à élaborer une approche éthique d’accompagnement des jeunes adultes (20-35 ans) en milieu pastoral. Prenant son point de départ dans la méthode praxéologique, il déploie une observation de la pratique d’un certain type d’accompagnement pastoral, puis réfléchit sur des traits de la jeunesse actuelle, surtout québécoise. Bien que cherchant à affirmer leur autonomie, les jeunes qui consultent ponctuellement un prêtre cherchent souvent des réponses à leurs dilemmes moraux. La thèse s’inspire des théoéthiciens nord-américains, Stanley Hauerwas et Craig Dykstra pour dépasser la préoccupation du « quoi faire ». En effet, ces auteurs principaux de la thèse se centrent sur la personne, la réalisation de son soi et le type d’homme ou de femme qu’elle veut être. L’accent est donc mis sur l’être, la totalité de la personne, et non seulement sur le faire. Une surenchère de l’importance du « faire » et de l’« action » renvoie à la fois à notre société post-technologique, centrée sur la productivité de la personne et à une morale catholique prescriptive. Néanmoins, l’éthique du caractère propose un chemin de conversion de la question de savoir « quoi faire » dans celle de savoir « comment vivre ». Sur le plan théologique, elle recentre et réinterprète des aspects essentiels du christianisme, soit les récits, la tradition comme histoire, communauté et imagination. Cette approche revitalise le paysage éthique et le style d’accompagnement pastoral auprès des jeunes adultes. En tant que prêtre catholique souvent consulté par des gens de cette catégorie d’âge (20-35 ans), notre projet de thèse se veut inspirateur d’une nouvelle pratique d’accompagnement éthico-pastoral.

Facteurs agro-environnementaux associés à la résistance antimicrobienne d'Escherichia coli dans l'eau potable des puits du sud de l'Ontario

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Uncover the Concealed Link: Gender & Ethnicity-Divided Local Knowledge on the Agro-Ecosystem of a Forest Margin

This research is a study about knowledge interface that aims to analyse knowledge discontinuities, the dynamic and emergent characters of struggles and interactions within gender system and ethnicity differences. The cacao boom phenomenon in Central Sulawesi is the main context for a changing of social relations of production, especially when the mode of production has shifted or is still underway from subsistence to petty commodity production. This agrarian change is not only about a change of relationship and practice, but, as my previous research has shown, also about the shift of knowledge domination, because knowledge construes social practice in a dialectical process. Agroecological knowledge is accumulated through interaction, practice and experience. At the same time the knowledge gained from new practices and experiences changes mode of interaction, so such processes provide the arena where an interface of knowledge is manifested. In the process of agro-ecological knowledge interface, gender and ethnic group interactions materialise in the decision-making of production and resource allocation at the household and community level. At this point, power/knowledge is interplayed to gain authority in decision-making. When authority dominates, power encounters resistance, whereas the dominant power and its resistance are aimed to ensure socio-economic security. Eventually, the process of struggle can be identified through the pattern of resource utilisation as a realisation of production decision-making. Such processes are varied from one community to another, and therefore, it shows uniqueness and commonalities, especially when it is placed in a context of shifting mode of production. The focus is placed on actors: men and women in their institutional and cultural setting, including the role of development agents. The inquiry is informed by 4 major questions: 1) How do women and men acquire, disseminate, and utilise their agro ecological knowledge, specifically in rice farming as a subsistence commodity, as well as in cacao farming as a petty commodity? How and why do such mechanisms construct different knowledge domains between two genders? How does the knowledge mechanism apply in different ethnics? What are the implications for gender and ethnicity based relation of production? ; 2) Using the concept of valued knowledge in a shifting mode of production context: is there any knowledge that dominates others? How does the process of domination occur and why? Is there any form of struggle, strategies, negotiation, and compromise over this domination? How do these processes take place at a household as well as community level? How does it relate to production decision-making? ; 3) Putting the previous questions in two communities with a different point of arrival on a path of agricultural commercialisation, how do the processes of struggle vary? What are the bases of the commonalities and peculiarities in both communities?; 4) How the decisions of production affect rice field - cacao plantation - forest utilisation in the two villages? How does that triangle of resource use reflect the constellation of local knowledge in those two communities? What is the implication of this knowledge constellation for the cacao-rice-forest agroecosystem in the forest margin area? Employing a qualitative approach as the main method of inquiry, indepth and dialogic interviews, participant observer role, and document review are used to gather information. A small survey and children’s writing competition are supplementary to this data collection method. The later two methods are aimed to give wider information on household decision making and perception toward the forest. It was found that local knowledge, particularly knowledge pertaining to rice-forest-cacao agroecology is divided according to gender and ethnicity. This constellation places a process of decision-making as ‘the arena of interface’ between feminine and masculine knowledge, as well as between dominant and less dominant ethnic groups. Transition from subsistence to a commercial mode of production is a context that frames a process where knowledge about cacao commodity is valued higher than rice. Market mechanism, as an external power, defines valued knowledge. Valued knowledge defines the dominant knowledge holder, and decision. Therefore, cacao cultivation becomes a dominant practice. Its existence sacrifices the presence of rice field and the forest. Knowledge about rice production and forest ecosystem exist, but is less valued. So it is unable to challenge the domination of cacao. Various forms of struggles - within gender an ethnicity context - to resist cacao domination are an expression of unequal knowledge possession. Knowledge inequality implies to unequal access to withdraw benefit from market valued crop. When unequal knowledge fails to construct a negotiated field or struggles fail to reveal ‘marginal’ decision, e.g. intensification instead of cacao expansion to the forest, interface only produces divergence. Gender and ethnicity divided knowledge is unabridged, since negotiation is unable to produce new knowledge that accommodates both interests. Rice is loaded by ecological interest to conserve the forest, while cacao is driven by economic interest to increase welfare status. The implication of this unmediated dominant knowledge of cacao production is the construction of access; access to the forest, mainly to withdraw its economic benefit by eliminating its ecological benefit. Then, access to cacao as the social relationship of production to acquire cacao knowledge; lastly, access to defend sustainable benefit from cacao by expansion. ‘Socio-economic Security’ is defined by Access. The convergence of rice and cacao knowledge, however, should be made possible across gender and ethnicity, not only for the sake of forest conservation as the insurance of ecological security, but also for community’s socio-economic security. The convergence might be found in a range of alternative ways to conduct cacao sustainable production, from agroforestry system to intensification.

An integrated assessment of resource use strategies in the Borana pastoral system of southern Ethiopia

In the pastoral production systems, mobility remains the main technique used to meet livestock’s fodder requirements. Currently, with growing challenges on the pastoral production systems, there is urgent need for an in-depth understanding of how pastoralists continue to manage their grazing resources and how they determine their mobility strategies. This study examined the Borana pastoralists’ regulation of access to grazing resources, mobility practices and cattle reproductive performances in three pastoral zones of Borana region of southern Ethiopia. The central objective of the study was to contribute to the understanding of pastoral land use strategies at a scale relevant to their management. The study applied a multi-scalar methodological approach that allowed zooming in from communal to individual herd level. Through participatory mapping that applied Google Earth image print out as visual aid, the study revealed that the Borana pastoralists conceptualized their grazing areas as distinctive grazing units with names, borders, and specific characteristics. This knowledge enables the herders to communicate the condition of grazing resources among themselves in a precise way which is important in management of livestock mobility. Analysis of grazing area use from the participatory maps showed that the Borana pastoralists apportion their grazing areas into categories that are accessed at different times of the year (temporal use areas). This re-organization is an attempt by the community to cope with the prevailing constraints which results in fodder shortages especially during the dry periods. The re-organization represents a shift in resource use system, as the previous mobility practice across the ecologically varied zones of the rangelands became severely restricted. Grazing itineraries of 91 cattle herds for over 16 months obtained using the seasonal calendar interviews indicated that in the areas with the severest mobility constraints, the herders spent most of their time in the year round use areas that are within close proximity to the settlements. A significant change in mobility strategy was the disallowing of foora practice by the communities in Dirre and Malbe zones in order to reduce competition. With the reduction in mobility practices, there is a general decline in cattle reproductive parameters with the areas experiencing the severest constraints showing the least favourable reproductive performances. The study concludes that the multi-scalar methodology was well suited to zoom into pastoral grazing management practices from communal to individual herd levels. Also the loss of mobility in the Borana pastoral system affects fulfilment of livestock feed requirements thus resulting in reduced reproductive performances and herd growth potentials. While reversal of the conditions of the situations in the Borana rangelands is practically unfeasible, the findings from this research underscore the need to protect the remaining pastoral lands since the pastoral production system remains the most important livelihood option for the majority of the Borana people. In this regards the study emphasises the need to adopt and domesticate regional and international policy frameworks such as that proposed by the African Union in 2010.

Influence of farmers educational level on comprehending, acting-upon and sharing of agro advisories

Although short messaging service (SMS) through mobile phones has quickly gained popularity among most other sectors in India, its potential is not fully realised in the agriculture sector as a cost effective service to reach farmers and elicit desirable action. Despite the cost effectiveness, mobile messaging has remained a challenge in the farming sector in terms of its end use and action as far as extension systems are concerned. While there could be many influencing factors affecting the utility of mobile messages, this study assumed that educational level of farmers could be a major factor. A telephone survey was conducted to ascertain the influence of farmers’ education on the level of utilisation of mobile-based advisories. Farmers with higher education level showed better comprehension of advisories, actedupon the advisories more promptly and shared the information with fellow farmers more often than those with lower education level. There was a significant association between comprehending, sharing and acting upon advisories. This has implications to achieve enhanced extension reach with higher efficiency in terms of cost and time.

Meat yield and quality of Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu cattle finished on molasses/maize grain with agro-processing by-products in 90 days feedlot period

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding molasses or maize grain with agro-processing by-products on yield and quality of meat from Tanzania shorthorn zebu (TSZ) cattle. Forty five steers aged 2.5 to 3.0 years with 200 +/- 5.4 kg body weight were allocated into five dietary treatments namely hominy feed with molasses (HFMO), rice polishing with molasses (RPMO), hominy feed with maize meal (HFMM), rice polishing with maize meal (RPMM) and maize meal with molasses (MMMO). Ad libitum amount of each dietary treatment and hay were offered to nine steers for 90 days. Cooking loss (CL) and Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) values were determined on M. longissimus thoracis et lumborum aged for 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. Steers fed on HFMO diet had higher (P < 0.05) nutrient intake (86.39 MJ/d energy; 867 g/d CP), weight gain (919 g/d) and half carcass weight (75.8 kg) than those fed other diets. Meat of steers from all diets was tender with average WBSF values of 47.9 N cm^(−2). The CL (22.0 +/- 0.61%) and WBSF (53.4 +/- 0.70 N cm^(−2)) were highest in meat aged for 3 days followed by 6, 9 and 12 days. WBSF values for meat aged for 9 and 12 days from steers fed HFMO and RPMM diets were similar and lower than those on other dietary treatments x aging periods. Overall, molasses and hominy feed can be used to replace maize meal in feedlot finishing diets to spare its use in animal feeds.

Los medios de comunicación (Cambio y Semana) como mecanismo de accountability social. Un análisis del escándalo de Agro Ingreso Seguro. Período 2009 - 2011.

Dentro del marco de la Rendición de Cuentas, los medios de comunicación han logrado convertirse en destacados mecanismos de accountability social, puesto que para ello se requiera visibilidad y los medios son la herramienta más útil para lograr este objetivo. Un ejemplo de estos procesos de visibilidad y accountability es el escándalo generado alrededor del programa gubernamental Agro Ingreso Seguro, principal tema de análisis de la presente monografía.

Els catecismes populars de Mallorca : d'instrument pastoral a mitjà de control cultural de l'estat. 'Los catecismos populares de Mallorca : de instrumento pastoral a medio de control cultural estatal'.

Comunicación presentada al Tercer Encontre de Ciències Humanes i Socials dels Paisos Catalans, desarrollado en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de las Islas Baleares, entre diciembre de 1978 y enero de 1979

La regulación agraria en Colombia o el eterno déjà vu hacia la concentración y el despojo: un análisis de las normas jurídicas colombianas sobre el agro (1991-2010)

Este artículo plantea que el diseño institucional contenido en las normas jurídicas sobre propiedad agraria, en el período 1991-2010 no tiene como fundamento la distribución de la tierra y que, por el contrario, incentiva o permite la concentración de la misma; esto, distanciándose de las tesis que aborda el problema de la tierra como una consecuencia de la indebida aplicación de las normas que regulan el tema rural. Además, en materia de propiedad agraria, la Constitución de 1991, a pesar de su sesgo garantista y de haber cambiado un sinnúmero de estructuras sociales y políticas, en el tema de propiedad de la tierra conservó la estructura decimonónica y liberal clásica de los derechos de propiedad regulados en el Código Civil. Si bien los fenómenos de la concentración y el despojo de la tierra no se pueden explicar únicamente desde la variable de la norma jurídica, esta sí puede arrojar indicios sobre dichas situaciones. Así las cosas, se realizará un análisis desde las normas jurídicas para determinar si, desde su diseño, existen elementos que hayan contribuido a la concentración y al despojo de la tierra en Colombia.

La captura del estado vista desde los procesos de formulación e implementación de la política pública agro ingreso seguro. Periodo 2007-2009

RESUMEN En esta monografía el interés es comprender la dimensión de la captura del estado, su complejidad y cómo ha penetrado en la cultura política institucional de nuestro país; así mismo, el análisis permite entender el grado de influencia de los grupos de poder para lograr leyes y regulaciones a favor suyo en detrimento del interés general. Este trabajo aborda dicho fenómeno en los procesos de formulación e implementación de la política pública de Agro Ingreso Seguro – AIS– y explica consecuencias y efectos de la captura del Estado en su gobernabilidad y eficacia social. Para ello se desarrolló una investigación de tipo documental que permitió identificar el grado de legitimación de los propósitos de la política pública poniendo en perspectiva la intervención de agentes capturadores en el proceso de implementación de la política Agro Ingreso Seguro.

Identificación y análisis de las oportunidades de exportación de productos agrícolas y agro-industriales potenciales desde Colombia hacia Estados Unidos - periodo de estudio: 2003 a 2012

Una de las mayores brechas que tienen los empresarios colombianos es la falta de información sobre las opciones de exportación hacia otros países, especialmente con Estados Unidos siendo uno de los principales socios comerciales que tiene Colombia. Por esta razón el presente trabajo de investigación se propuso identificar y analizar las oportunidades de exportaciones de productos agrícolas y agro-industriales potenciales desde Colombia hacia Estados Unidos en el periodo de 2003 hasta 2012. Después de contextualizar el entorno de los dos países así como el del sector agrícola de cada uno de ellos; se procedió a la selección de diez sub-partidas arancelarias a través de las bases de datos de TRADE MAP y UN COMTRADE. Con base en los resultados observados, se eligieron los dos productos agrícolas o agro-industriales potenciales para la exportación hacia Estados Unidos; adicionalmente se exploró el Tratado de Libre Comercio con dicho país para reconocer las ventajas, beneficios y oportunidades que este acuerdo generó en los productos seleccionados. Por lo tanto se concluye que Estados Unidos influye significativamente en las relaciones tanto comerciales como financieras a nivel mundial. En el caso de Colombia ha alcanzado resultados positivos en la balanza comercial, niveles óptimos de inversión y crecimiento de la economía comercial. Finalmente se puede afirmar que el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre los dos países promueve el ingreso preferencial de manera permanente, genera mayor estabilidad, competitividad en el largo plazo y acceso a mercados al agilizar los procesos normativos de los productos agrícolas y agro-industriales.

L'acompanyament pastoral de persones que viuen amb VIH-Sida. 'El acompañamiento pastoral de personas que viven con el VIH-Sida'.

Resumen basado en el del autor en catalán

El acompañamiento pastoral en la escuela : un estilo de hacer pastoral.

Se analiza el acompañamiento pastoral en la educación, con el objetivo de ofrecer pautas para el establecimiento de una escuela pastoral. Se define el concepto de acompañamiento pastoral, que es una relación establecida libremente entre acompañado y acompañante en orden al crecimiento personal espiritual. Además, se indican las características principales para la educación en la fe cristiana y se muestran los objetivos fundamentales del acompañamiento. Finalmente, se describen los rasgos considerados básicos de la figura del acompañante pastoral.

Los centros de tiempo libre, una oportunidad pastoral.

Comentario sobre el centro de tiempo libre como marco privilegiado de vivencia de la fe.