Democracia e participação no Brasil: um estudo de caso das conferências nacionais de políticas públicas de 2003-2010.

O Brasil conviveu, a partir da sua redemocratização, com um processo de criação de inovações democráticas participativas e deliberativas. Ao longo da década de 90, tais experimentos estiveram, sobretudo, ligados à dinâmica política local. A partir de 2003, tal fenômeno expande-se à dinâmica nacional via potencialização da experiência das Conferências Nacionais de Políticas Públicas (CNPPs). Tal dinâmica desafia argumentos baseados na impossibilidade de se compatibilizar a dinâmica democrática contemporânea com ampliação da participação para além do direito de votar. A hipótese dessa dissertação é a possibilidade de conceber as inovações democráticas em questão como mecanismos participativos e deliberativos capazes de aprofundar os regimes democráticos atuais. Tomando como objeto de estudo as conferências, pretende-se investigar seu potencial de pluralizar o processo de agregação de preferências societais, indicando sua capacidade de impactar no ciclo da formulação de políticas públicas, tornando, por consequência, as instituições representativas mais responsivas às demandas da sociedade. O teste empírico será realizado a partir do cruzamento entre deliberações das CNPPs e proposições legislativas no período de 2003-2010.

Por um constitucionalismo difuso: cidadãos, movimentos sociais e o significado da Constituição

O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar se e de que modo as pessoas comuns participam da definição do significado constitucional. Busca-se questionar o senso comum jurídico segundo o qual as instituições estatais, e mais especificamente o Judiciário, seriam os responsáveis por definir o sentido da Constituição. Para tanto, são retomados alguns debates já presentes no Direito Constitucional que sugerem essa participação: o debate alemão acerca da Constituição de Weimar de 1919 e a discussão contemporânea sobre constitucionalismo popular nos Estados Unidos. Nesse sentido, analisa-se o papel dos movimentos sociais no processo de construção do sentido constitucional, destacando sua atuação institucional e extrainstitucional, a qual pode ser apreendida por meio de institutos jurídicos como a desobediência civil e a mutação constitucional. A partir desse arcabouço teórico, empreende- se a análise da trajetória do movimento LGBT no Brasil, destacando-se sua interação com as instituições estatais, os contramovimentos e a Constituição. A partir dessa análise, conclui-se pela desejabilidade de um constitucionalismo difuso, justificado com base nas ideias de democracia, renovação da Constituição, empoderamento das pessoas comuns e script para transformação.

Marine protected areas and small-scale fisheries in South Africa: promoting governance, participation, equity and benefit sharing

This monograph studies the progress achieved by conservation partners in South Africa on the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) Programme Element Two components of governance, participation, equity and benefit sharing, from the perspective of small-scale fishing communities. It explores the strategies and mechanisms used by different authorities to create the conditions whereby local communities can benefit from marine protected areas (MPAs), of which South Africa has gazetted 24, highlighting examples of best practice. The monograph will be useful for researchers, scientists, fishworker organizations, environmentalists and anyone interested in the protection of marine biodiversity and the promotion of sustainable fisheries management.

A study on rural women's empowerment through participation in aquaculture

The study was undertaken to understand the rural women's (i) extent of participation in some selected aquaculture practices and (ii) extent of empowerment through participation in aquaculture program. Data were collected from 200 selected rural women of two districts - Sherpur and Kishoreganj. Each of the families where the selected rural women who were involved in aquaculture under the supervision of two partner NGOs of DSAP, namely- Foundation for Human Development (FHD) and Center for Rural and Environmental Development (CRED). Both conventional and participatory methods of data collection were employed where structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were used as the tools. The data collection procedure took five-months spanning from September 2004 to January 2005. Appropriate scales were developed and used in order to determine the focus variables of the study, while most analyses regarding women empowerment were done using 'before' and 'after' method. Empowerment of women was measured by five dimensions such as decision making ability, spending ability, social participation, cosmopoliteness, access to assets and resources. The ten selected aquaculture practices were: fish feeding, eradication of aquatic vegetation from fish pond, disease detection, application of fertilizer, liming, harvesting of fry and fish, fish stock management, pond excavation, use of insecticides, and sale of fry and fish. The study also aimed at determining some selected characteristics of rural women and determining relationship between their extent of empowerment and the selected characteristics. The characteristics of rural women included: age, personal education, average family education, family size, family farm size, area under aquaculture, extension media exposure, training exposure, knowledge in aquaculture, and family income. The findings revealed an overall low level of participation by rural women in aquaculture activities. However, significant level of improvement was identified regarding overall status of empowerment during the course of participation in aquaculture program under DSAP.

Enhancement of fish production in a reservoir after partitioning by dikes through community participation

A reservoir of 70 acres was portioned by dikes into four manageable big ponds to get more production of fishes at Basurhat, Noakhali, Bangladesh under the supervision of local community through a society of 40 people ownership. Pangus (Pangasius hypophthalmus) @ 20,000/acre, and then fry and fingerlings of different types of fishes such as catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhina mrigala), grass carp (Ctenophmyngodon idella), bighead (Aristichthys nobili), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), common carp (Cyprinus cmpio) and rajpunti (Puntius gonionatus) @ 500/acre were stocked. Feed containing 25% protein was used two times daily and feed was adjusted fortnightly. After 8 months, all the fishes were weighed 0.80-2.10 kg except rajpunti (150-200 g) and tilapia (150-220 g), and a total of 25 ton of fish was harvested which was five times higher than the previous production under signal ownership. The production of fishes were increased after partitioning the lake with dikes due to proper management and control.

Hamas in Politics: Democracy, Religion, Violence

Gunning, Jeroen, Hamas in Politics: Democracy, Religion, Violence (London: Hurst Publishers Ltd, 2007), pp.xiv+310 RAE2008