Incidencia de la pol��tica exterior de China y la Federaci��n Rusa en el mantenimiento del desarrollo de armas nucleares y enriquecimiento de uranio iran��es, durante la primera administraci��n del Presidente Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (2002-2005)

El giro que el sistema internacional dio tras los atentados perpetrados el 11 de septiembre de 2001 fue de enorme importancia para la pol��tica exterior de Ir��n y su posicionamiento en el sistema internacional. En efecto, la lucha guerra contra el terrorismo que Estados Unidos inici�� y que finalmente desembocar��a en las incursiones armadas a Afganist��n e Irak -ambos pa��ses lim��trofes de Ir��n, en 2001 y 2003 respectivamente, as�� como la inclusi��n de Ir��n por parte de la administraci��n Bush en 2002 como parte del denominado Eje del mal, generaron en el imaginario iran�� una idea de amenaza internacional y por lo mismo, la necesidad de hacerse fuerte con el fin de mantener su integridad territorial y gubernamental. As�� pues, una compleja situaci��n econ��mica y social sumada a una fuerte coalici��n del partido conservador iran�� -uno de los m��s fuertes del pa��s, soportado por el Ayatol�� Al�� Jamenei, autoridad suprema de la nueva Rep��blica, un nuevo l��der de corte conservador, llegar��a a la presidencia: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, un l��der controversial y problem��tico que desde su primera campa��a presidencial en 2002 defender��a el derecho de la Rep��blica a desarrollar armas nucleares para fines pac��ficos. El verdadero inconveniente surge cuando occidente, en cabeza de los Estados Unidos ��en compa����a de algunas potencias europeas como lo son Alemania, Francia y Gran Breta��a, duda sobre esta ��ltima afirmaci��n. Esta investigaci��n pretende profundizar cada uno de los elementos anteriormente mencionados as�� como establecer la forma en la cual China y Rusia ��pa��ses que ven de forma diferenciada el manejo de arsenal nuclear, logran configurarse y acreditar este desaf��o ante la comunidad internacional.

Factores desencadenantes de las diplomacias paralelas: caso de Estudio, Programa de Desarrollo y Paz del Magdalena Medio

Esta monograf��a se interroga sobre los factores que, en el caso del Programa de Desarrollo y Paz del Magdalena Medio (PDPMM), llevaron a la emergencia de una forma de diplomacia paralela. Dicho an��lisis se har�� tomando como referencia el periodo de formulaci��n y entrada en vigencia del Plan Colombia. Los prop��sitos particulares de este trabajo son los siguientes. En primer lugar, caracterizar al Programa de Desarrollo y Paz teniendo en cuenta el contexto nacional y regional en el cual emerge esta iniciativa, con el objeto de explicar por qu�� esta tiene desde el comienzo una conexi��n muy fuerte con el ��mbito internacional. En segundo lugar, analizar las posiciones del programa frente al Plan Colombia y explicar de qu�� manera y por qu�� razones en un momento espec��fico sus dirigentes decidieron lanzar una iniciativa de diplomacia paralela, tratando as�� de contrarrestar los efectos negativos que le traer��a al Magdalena Medio la entrada en vigencia del Plan Colombia.

Impacto de un negocio inclusivo en Bogot��

En el a��o 2011 la humanidad alcanz�� la poblaci��n de 7.000 millones de personas, sin embargo, hay una creciente preocupaci��n ya que m��s del 50% de la humanidad se encuentra en una situaci��n de pobreza. Quienes se encuentran dentro de esta situaci��n, carecen de una calidad de vida por no tener cubiertas sus necesidades b��sicas y contar con un bajo nivel de ingresos, el cual no le permite acceder a productos y/o servicios para alcanzar una mejor condici��n de vida. Esta situaci��n de pobreza en la cual vive m��s de la mitad de la poblaci��n mundial, hace un llamado para analizar la oportunidad de incursionar en este mercado, a trav��s de iniciativas empresariales donde estas personas, sean incluidas como productores, proveedores, distribuidores o como consumidores, contando con un comercio justo entre las partes que consolide una relaci��n gana-gana, entre la empresa y sus colaboradores. En este trabajo de grado se tratar��n los siguientes temas: base de la pir��mide, necesidades b��sicas y Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio; como apertura a las condiciones sociales en las cuales operan los Negocios Inclusivos, para concluir con un caso de estudio de la empresa Factoria Quinoa y su impacto social, econ��mico y ambiental como un ejemplo de c��mo se puede utilizar mecanismos de mercado para solucionar problemas sociales.

Rol del residente de Medicina Interna de la Universidad del Rosario como docente

Antecedentes: Cada vez es mayor la relevancia que se da al papel del residente como docente, no solo por su importancia en la formaci��n de estudiantes, internos y otros miembros del equipo de salud, sino por su deber en la instrucci��n del paciente y su familia. A pesar de ello, el rol del residente como docente no se encuentra plenamente definido en nuestro medio. Objetivo: Caracterizar el rol de los residentes de Medicina Interna de la Universidad el Rosario en la Fundaci��n Cardioinfantil como docentes. M��todos: Estudio cualitativo a partir de observaciones en escenarios de ense��anza y entrevistas semiestructuradas a 44 participantes distribuidos en grupos focales Resultados: Los residentes asumen un rol docente en diversos escenarios educativos con estudiantes, internos, residentes y docentes. Reconocen que no tienen la preparaci��n necesaria para asumir esta responsabilidad ni funciones establecidas para tal fin. A pesar de esto, utilizan diferentes estrategias para ense��ar y se sienten motivados para hacerlo. Conclusiones: El rol del residente como docente en el servicio de Medicina Interna en la Fundaci��n Cardioinfantil es fundamental para la formaci��n de los futuros m��dicos y especialistas seg��n la percepci��n que tienen los grupos focales. Los encuentros pedag��gicos est��n enmarcados por la disponibilidad de tiempo y dependen de caracter��sticas personales del residente, conocimiento disciplinar y formaci��n para ense��ar. Se considera que se debe apoyar m��s el entrenamiento en docencia de los residentes, avanzar en la formalizaci��n de las funciones docentes de los mismos y generar sistemas de evaluaci��n de este proceso de ense��anza y aprendizaje.

Remesas y desarrollo econ��mico. Un an��lisis emp��rico del caso mexicano

El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir a identificar el efecto de las remesas que env��an los emigrantes a sus comunidades de origen en M��xico. Del mismo modo, se estudia el efecto que la participaci��n de la mujer tiene en este proceso. La fuente de informaci��n es el Consejo Nacional de Poblaci��n de M��xico CONAPO y contiene variables a nivel estatal y municipal para el a��o 2000. La base de datos contiene ��ndices de desarrollo humano, intensidad migratoria y remesas para los 2443 municipios mexicanos. La evidencia emp��rica sugiere que las remesas tienen un impacto positivo sobre los niveles de desarrollo de las comunidades receptoras. No obstante, la relaci��n entre remesas y desarrollo es no lineal. Adicionalmente, se en contr�� que el efecto positivo que tienen las remesas sobre el desarrollo es m��s alto cuando la cabeza de familia de los hogares receptores es mujer.

Estudo das compet��ncias pessoais e interpessoais de acordo com as soft skills e hard skills nos empres��rios das PMEs

Neste percurso sinuoso de longas priva����es e acontecimentos, esta investiga����o s�� foi poss��vel gra��as �� colabora����o franca e estreita de v��rias pessoas, algumas delas ausentes, mas que em muito contribu��ram para o sucesso deste estudo, o nosso profundo reconhecimento e sincero agradecimento. Ao Professor Doutor Manuel Jacinto de Ascens��o Jardim, que foi uma pessoa sempre dispon��vel e cuja orienta����o suprema de conhecimento neste estudo, que por vezes se tornou penoso, mas que atrav��s da sua sabedoria e experi��ncia, levou-nos a bom porto, por mares claros, l��cidos e objectivos, o nosso muito obrigado. Aos empres��rios, gestores e aos docentes convidados, que contribu��ram decisivamente para a investiga����o, colaborando na entrevista do estudo, que foram pessoas que pelas suas viv��ncias deram o car��cter construtivo e enriquecedor, sem eles, isto n��o seria o mesmo, a todos eles, o nosso agradecimento muito profundo. Ao ISLA.GAIA e a todos os Docentes que de uma forma directa ou indirecta foram incans��veis na procura de opini��es, sugest��es e solu����es, que pudessem de alguma forma contribuir para o bom encaminhamento do nosso prop��sito de estudo, n��o esquecendo os colaboradores n��o docentes desta institui����o que sempre tiveram uma palavra de encorajamento, o nosso muito obrigado a todos. A Todos os colegas e aos colegas que se tornaram amigos, pela empatia, comunh��o, temperan��a se tornaram pessoas importantes, n��o s�� este ano, neste caminho solit��rio, mas incluindo todos aqueles que pela perseveran��a e sem d��vida, muita partilha, fazem parte desta meta alcan��ada, o nosso sincero e sentido obrigado. Aos nossos amigos que nos deram o alento e a for��a para que nunca perd��ssemos o norte, estando sempre atentos aos nossos passos, o nosso muito obrigado a todos. Aos nossos familiares um agradecimento muito especial pelo incans��vel apoio, disponibilidade e compreens��o quando privados da nossa presen��a, muito particularmente �� nossa fam��lia nuclear, que sempre nos incentivou e viveu mais de perto todas as nossas d��vidas e angustias estando sempre do nosso lado, o nosso muito particular obrigado.

Avalia����o de riscos e desenvolvimento de equipamento anti-queda para acesso vertical a espa��os confinados

Na f��brica da EPAL, em Vale da Pedra, o risco de queda em altura no acesso vertical a espa��os confinados, foi avaliado como sendo aceit��vel mediante a ado����o de medidas de controlo que n��o existiam, ou que n��o eram adequadas, ou ainda que n��o eram utilizadas. Para responder a este problema, foi concebido, desenvolvido e ensaiado um inovador dispositivo port��til anti-queda. Este previne a queda no acesso entre o pavimento e os primeiros degraus de aberturas verticais conducentes a espa��os confinados. Al��m da fun����o preventiva, tamb��m pode fazer parte da prote����o anti-queda, como ponto de ancoragem dos equipamentos de prote����o contra quedas. Os ensaios realizados revelaram que, em compara����o com as alternativas pr��-fabricadas dispon��veis, esta solu����o �� mais adequada para prevenir quedas, por se adaptar a m��ltiplas configura����es de acesso, com um dispositivo relativamente leve, f��cil de transportar e de aplicar, est��vel e resistente. / In EPAL factory in Vale da Pedra, the risk of falling from a height in the vertical access to confined spaces, was evaluated as being acceptable by the adoption of control measures that did not exist, or were not suitable, or were not used. To respond to this problem, an innovative portable anti-falling device was designed, developed and tested. This prevents falling in access between the ground and the first steps of vertical openings leading to confined spaces. In addition to the preventive function, it can also be part of the fall-arrest protection, as anchor point of fall protection equipment. The tests revealed that, in comparison with the prefabricated alternatives available, this solution is best suited to prevent falls, due to its adaptability to multiple access settings, with a relatively light device, easy to carry and to use, stable and resistant.

The long-term safety and efficacy of bilateral transplantation of human fetal striatal tissue in patients with mild to moderate Huntington's disease.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease involving progressive motor, cognitive and behavioural decline, leading to death approximately 20 years after motor onset. The disease is characterised pathologically by an early and progressive striatal neuronal cell loss and atrophy, which has provided the rationale for first clinical trials of neural repair using fetal striatal cell transplantation. Between 2000 and 2003, the 'NEST-UK' consortium carried out bilateral striatal transplants of human fetal striatal tissue in five HD patients. This paper describes the long-term follow up over a 3-10-year postoperative period of the patients, grafted and non-grafted, recruited to this cohort using the 'Core assessment program for intracerebral transplantations-HD' assessment protocol. No significant differences were found over time between the patients, grafted and non-grafted, on any subscore of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale, nor on the Mini Mental State Examination. There was a trend towards a slowing of progression on some timed motor tasks in four of the five patients with transplants, but overall, the trial showed no significant benefit of striatal allografts in comparison with a reference cohort of patients without grafts. Importantly, no significant adverse or placebo effects were seen. Notably, the raclopride positron emission tomography (PET) signal in individuals with transplants, indicated that there was no obvious surviving striatal graft tissue. This study concludes that fetal striatal allografting in HD is safe. While no sustained functional benefit was seen, we conclude that this may relate to the small amount of tissue that was grafted in this safety study compared with other reports of more successful transplants in patients with HD.

Computerised therapies for anxiety and depression in children and young people: a systematic review and meta-anaylsis

One quarter of children and young people (CYP) experience anxiety and/or depression before adulthood, but treatment is sometimes unavailable or inadequate. Self-help interventions may have a role in augmenting treatment and this work aimed to systematically review the evidence for computerised anxiety and depression interventions in CYP aged 5���25 years old. Databases were searched for randomised controlled trials and 27 studies were identified. For young people (12���25 years) with risk of diagnosed anxiety disorders or depression, computerised CBT (cCBT) had positive effects for symptoms of anxiety (SMD ���0.77, 95% CI ���1.45 to ���0.09, k = 6, N = 220) and depression (SMD ���0.62, 95% CI ���1.13 to ���0.11, k = 7, N = 279). In a general population study of young people, there were small positive effects for anxiety (SMD ���0.15, 95% CI ���0.26 to ���0.03; N = 1273) and depression (SMD ���0.15, 95% CI ���0.26 to ���0.03; N = 1280). There was uncertainty around the effectiveness of cCBT in children (5���11 years). Evidence for other computerised interventions was sparse and inconclusive. Computerised CBT has potential for treating and preventing anxiety and depression in clinical and general populations of young people. Further program development and research is required to extend its use and establish its benefit in children.

Strategies for the use of PIMEX and other video exposure monitoring methods. : Final report from sub-project ���implementation strategies��� within the HERIVIS project

Video exposure monitoring (VEM) is a group of methods used for occupational hygiene studies. The method is based on a combined use of video recordings with measurements taken with real-time monitoring instruments. A commonly used name for VEM is PIMEX. Since PIMEX initially was invented in the mid 1980’s have the method been implemented and developed in a number of countries. With the aim to give an updated picture of how VEM methods are used and to investigate needs for further development have a number of workshops been organised in Finland, UK, the Netherlands, Germany and Austria. Field studies have also been made with the aim to study to what extent the PIMEX method can improve workers motivation to actively take part in actions aimed at workplace improvements.The results from the workshops illustrates clearly that there is an impressive amount of experiences and ideas for the use of VEM within the network of the groups participating in the workshops. The sharing of these experiences between the groups, as well as dissemination of it to wider groups is, however, limited. The field studies made together with a number of welders indicate that their motivation to take part in workplace improvements is improved after the PIMEX intervention. The results are however not totally conclusive and further studies focusing on motivation are called for.It is recommended that strategies for VEM, for interventions in single workplaces, as well as for exposure categorisation and production of training material are further developed. It is also recommended to conduct a research project with the intention of evaluating the effects of the use of VEM as well as to disseminate knowledge about the potential of VEM to occupational hygiene experts and others who may benefit from its use.

PDA, Circulation, and Over-Budget Requests: Harnessing Data to Inform Library Strategies

This article presents the data-rich findings of an experiment with enlisting patron-driven/demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) of ebooks in two ways. The first experiment entailed comparison of DDA eBook usage against newly ordered hardcopy materials��� circulation, both overall and ebook vs. print usage within the same subject areas. Secondly, this study experimented with DDA ebooks as a backup plan for unfunded requests left over at the end of the fiscal year.

PDA, Ebooks, Print Books Usage and Expenditures: Knowledge Ecosystem Remix

This article presents data-rich findings of a comprehensive follow-up study on the patron-driven/demand-driven ebook acquisitions (DDA) plan chronicled in two prior articles from the DDA ebook plan's October 2011 inception. Into the third fiscal year, print vs. ebook usage preferences have begun to emerge, and the results broken out by discipline are presented.

PDA, Circulation, and Over-Budget Requests: Harnessing Data to Inform Library Strategies

This article presents the data-rich findings of an experiment with enlisting patron-driven/demand-driven acquisitions (DDA) of ebooks in two ways. The first experiment entailed comparison of DDA eBook usage against newly ordered hardcopy materials��� circulation, both overall and ebook vs. print usage within the same subject areas. Secondly, this study experimented with DDA ebooks as a backup plan for unfunded requests left over at the end of the fiscal year.

Using Interlibrary Loan Data as a Section Tool: ILL Trails Provide Collection Clues

This article describes analyzing Interlibrary Loan data to help inform collection management decision and offers guidance for formulating policies for discerning borrowed titles indicative of gaps in the library from special-interest pursuits beyond the scope of the university curriculum.

The Book vs. E-Book: E-Book Survey Report

During the Spring Semester 2014 at Winthrop University an E-book survey was administered to Winthrop faculty, staff, and students. The objectives of the survey were (1) to inform the patrons that the library does have e-books available to them, (2) to ascertain if they have used any of the e-books for their research, (3) to determine which format, print or e-book, is their primary preference and (4) which format do they think is most important as part of the permanent library collection. The results, including comments from the faculty, staff and students, were compiled and are presented in this paper.