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Mesure du rapport d'embranchement des désintégrations B^0--> pi^- l^+v et B^+--> êta^(') l^+v, du spectre des facteurs de forme des désintégrations B^0--> pi^- l^+v et B^+--> êta l^+v, et extraction de |V_ub| dans l'expérience BABAR

Nous rapportons les résultats d'une étude des désintégrations semileptoniques non-charmées B^+--> êta^(') l^+v et B^0--> pi^- l^+v, mesurés par le détecteur BABAR avec une production d'environ 464 millions de paires de mésons BBbar issues des collisions e^+e^- à la résonance Upsilon(4S). L'analyse reconstruit les événements avec une technique relâchée des neutrinos. Nous obtenons les rapports d'embranchement partiels pour les désintégrations B^+--> êta l^+v et B^0--> pi^- l^+v en trois et douze intervalles de q^2, respectivement, à partir desquels nous extrayons les facteurs de forme f_+(q^2) et les rapports d'embranchement totaux B(B^+--> êta l^+v) = (3.39 +/- 0.46_stat +/- 0.47_syst) x 10^-5 et B(B^0--> pi^- l^+v) = (1.42 +/- 0.05_stat +/- 0.08_syst) x 10^-4. Nous mesurons aussi B(B^+--> êta' l^+v) = (2.43 +/- 0.80_stat +/- 0.34_syst) x 10^-5. Nous obtenons les valeurs de la norme de l'élément |V_ub| de la matrice CKM en utilisant trois calculs différents de la CDQ.

Recompositions de l’espace Taï et gouvernance du parc national dans un contexte de crise (Sud-Ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire)

Le Sud-Ouest ivoirien, auquel appartient l’espace Taï, est une région d’immigration où se sont installés à partir de 1965 des allochtones (ivoiriens venant d’autres régions) et des allogènes originaires des pays voisins pour l’agriculture de rente. Cela a engendré la raréfaction des terres qui s’est transformée en conflits fonciers permanents entre les autochtones et les immigrés, installant ainsi un climat de méfiance entre les communautés. Or, la gestion participative des ressources naturelles impliquant les communautés locales, recommandée voire imposée pour la conservation de la nature, repose sur l’argument fondamental selon lequel le capital social, dont disposent les communautés rurales, constitue un atout important pour l’implémentation de cette gestion. La gouvernance du parc national de Taï s’inscrit dans cette vision. Mais l’environnement conflictuel dans lequel se trouve l’espace Taï est défavorable à la gestion participative. Cette situation a négativement impacté le capital social, nuisant ainsi les actions de l’OIPR qui reposent sur la participation des différentes communautés locales pour la conservation du parc national.

The Effect of Dopants on the Microwave Dielectric Properties of Ba (Mg 0.33 Ta 0.67) O3 Ceramics

The effect of dopants with different valencies and ionic radii on the densification, structural ordering, and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3 (BMT) is investigated. It is found that dopants such as Sb2O5, MnO, ZrO2, WO3, and ZnO improve the microwave dielectric properties of BMT. Addition of trivalent dopants is detrimental to the cation ordering and dielectric properties of BMT. A correlation between the microwave dielectric properties of BMT and ionic radii of the dopant has been established. The variation of the dielectric properties of pure and doped BMT at cryogenic temperatures is also discussed.

Acidity and catalytic activity of rare earth modified Al/Zr pillared clays

The pillared montmorillonite has been prepared by exchanging Na+ in the interlayer of montmorillonite with Al hydroxy cation followed by calcination. Pillared clays are also prepared after exchanging Na' ions with Ce, La, Sm-ions and then pillarcd with aluminium oxides, The surface characterisation of the prepared catalysts has been done using XRD and surface area measurements. To probe the acidic property of the system, temperature programmed desorption (TPD) of NH, has been done. Toluene alkylation by benzyl chloride has been carried out for the evaluation of catalytic activity. The most active system is found to be mixed Al/Zr pillarcd montrnorillonite.

Surface acidity/basicity and catalytic activity of Zr-Sm mixed oxide systems

The surface acidity and basicity of oxides of Sm and Zr and their mixed oxides have been determined using a set of Hammett indicators. The data have been correlated with the catalytic activity of these oxides towards the liquid phase reduction of cyclo-hexanone in 2-propanol.

Acid-Base, Surface electron donating and catalytic properties of binary oxides of Zr with rare earth elements

Department of Applied Chemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology

Acid base characteristics of binary oxides of Zr with Ce and La

The surface acidity and basicity of binary oxides of Zr with Ce and La are determined using a series of Hammet indicators and Ho,,max values are reported. The generation of new acid sites habe been ascribed to the charge imbalance of M1-O-M2 bonds, where M1 and M2 are metal atoms. Both Bronsted and Lewis acid sites contribute to the acidity of the oxides

Surface acidity/basicity and catalytic activity of mixed oxides of Zr, La and Al

The surface acidity/basicity of binary oxides of Zr and La and the ternary oxides of Zr, La and Al are reported. The data have been correlated with their catalytic activity towards liquid phase reduction of cyclohexanone.

Relativistic effects in physics and chemistry of element 105. [Part] I.

A detailed study of the electronic structure and bonding of the pentahalides of group 5 elements V, Nb, Ta, and element 105, hahnium (and Pa) has been carried out using relativistic molecular cluster Dirac-Slater discrete-variational method. A number of calculations have been performed for different geometries and molecular bond distances. The character of the bonding has been analyzed using the Mulliken population analysis of the molecular orbitals. It is shown that hahnium is a typical group 5 element. In a great number of properties it continues trends in the group. Some peculiarities in the electronic structure of HaCl_5 result from relativistic effects.

Relativistic effects in physics and chemistry of element 105. [Part] II.

Relativistic self-consistent charge Dirac-Slater discrete variational method calculations have been done for the series of molecules MBr_5, where M = Nb, Ta, Pa, and element 105, Ha. The electronic structure data show that the trends within the group 5 pentabromides resemble those for the corresponding pentaclorides with the latter being more ionic. Estimation of the volatility of group 5 bromides has been done on the basis of the molecular orbital calculations. According to the results of the theoretical interpretation HaBr_5 seems to be more volatile than NbBr_5 and TaBr_5.

Relativistic effects in physics and chemistry of element 105. [Part] IV.

Results of relativistic (Dirac-Slater and Dirac-Fock) and nonrelativistic (Hartree-Fock-Slater) atomic and molecular calculations have been compared for the group 5 elements Nb, Ta, and Ha and their compounds MCl_5, to elucidate the influence of relativistic effects on their properties especially in going from the 5d element Ta to the 6d element Ha. The analysis of the radial distribution of the valence electrons of the metals for electronic configurations obtained as a result of the molecular calculations and their overlap with ligands show opposite trends in behavior for ns_1/2, np_l/2, and (n -1 )d_5/2 orbitals for Ta and Ha in the relativistic and nonrelativistic cases. Relativistic contraction and energetic stabilization of the ns_1/2 and np_l/2 wave functions and expansion and destabilization of the (n-1)d_5/2 orbitals make hahnium pentahalide more covalent than tantalum pentahalide and increase the bond strength. The nonrelativistic treatment of the wave functions results in an increase in ionicity of the MCl_5 molecules in going from Nb to Ha making element Ha an analog of V. Different trends for the relativistic and nonrelativistic cases are also found for ionization potentials, electronic affinities, and energies of charge-transfer transitions as well as the stability of the maximum oxidation state.

The electronic structure of anionic halide complexes of element 105 in aqueous solutions and their extraction by aliphatic amines

To study the complex formation of group 5 elements (Nb, Ta, Ha, and pseudoanalog Pa) in aqueous HCI solutions of medium and high concentrations the electronic structures of anionic complexes of these elements [MCl_6]^-, [MOCl_4]^-, [M(OH)-2 Cl_4]^-, and [MOCl_5]^2- have been calculated using the relativistic Dirac-Slater Discrete-Variational Method. The charge density distribution analysis has shown that tantalum occupies a specific position in the group and has the highest tendency to form the pure halide complex, [TaCl_6-. This fact along with a high covalency of this complex explains its good extractability into aliphatic amines. Niobium has equal trends to form pure halide [NbCl_6]^- and oxyhalide [NbOCl_5]^2- species at medium and high acid concentrations. Protactinium has a slight preference for the [PaOCl_5]^2- form or for the pure halide complexes with coordination number higher than 6 under these conditions. Element 105 at high HCl concentrations will have a preference to form oxyhalide anionic complex [HaOCl_5]^2- rather than [HaCl_6]^-. For the same sort of anionic oxychloride complexes an estimate has been done of their partition between the organic and aqueous phases in the extraction by aliphatic amines, which shows the following succession of the partition coefficients: P_Nb < P_Ha < P_Pa.