An��lise da efici��ncia t��cnica dos Institutos Federais de Educa����o, Ci��ncia e Tecnologia

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar a efici��ncia t��cnica e as mudan��as quanto �� produtividade dos Institutos Federais de Educa����o, Ci��ncia e Tecnologia (IF) no per��odo de 2012 e 2013, perfazendo uma amostra formada por 19 unidades. Paralelamente a isso, procedeu-se a uma an��lise sobre a expans��o da Rede Federal e os gastos correntes por aluno envolvido no processo de interioriza����o do ensino profissional e tecnol��gico. Como vertente te��rica, discutiu-se a teoria do capital humano (SCHULTZ, 1960, 1961, 1962; BECKER, 1960; MINCER, 1958) junto ��s formas de investimentos em educa����o no Brasil e a sua pol��tica de presta����o de contas. Para operacionalizar a pesquisa, verificou-se a efici��ncia t��cnica por meio da metodologia An��lise Envolt��ria de Dados (DEA) utilizando os indicadores elaborados pela Secretaria de Educa����o Profissional e Tecnol��gica (SETEC) institu��dos pelo Tribunal de Contas da Uni��o (TCU) e apresentados anualmente no Relat��rio de Presta����o de Contas Anual. O resultado referente �� efici��ncia demonstra que apenas 31% dos institutos federais analisados atingiram o escore de efici��ncia em 2012 e tamb��m em 2013. Por��m, quando analisada a produtividade atrav��s do tempo com o ��ndice de Malmquist, �� poss��vel notar que 63% dos institutos federais est��o se deslocando para a fronteira de efici��ncia demonstrando aumento do produto educa����o dentro das unidades. Adicionalmente, com o teste de diferen��a de m��dias (teste t), ocorreram evid��ncias de que os institutos federais considerados eficientes apresentaram melhores resultados m��dios de concluintes e menores gastos correntes por aluno matriculado indicando que a obten����o do resultado pode n��o estar condicionada a maiores disp��ndios financeiros.

The decentralized social networking systems towards mobilizing actions of citizenship and solidarity against cancer

The goal of the present study is mapping the nature of possible contributions of participatory online platforms in citizen actions that may contribute in the fight against cancer and its associated consequences. These platforms are usually associated with entertainment: in that sense, we intent to test their validity in other domains such as health, as well as contribute to an expanded perception of their potential by their users. The research is based on the analysis of online solidarity networks, namely the ones residing on Facebook, Orkut and the blogosphere, that citizens have been gradually resorting to. The research is also based on the development of newer and more efficient solutions that provide the individual (directly or indirectly affected by issues of oncology) with the means to overcome feelings of impotence and fatality. In this article, we aim at summarizing the processes of usage of these decentralized, freer participatory platforms by citizens and institutions, while attempting to unravel existing hype and stigma; we also provide a first survey of the importance and the role of institutions in this kind of endeavor; lastly, we present a prototype, developed in the context of the present study, that is specifically dedicated to addressing oncology through social media. This prototype is already available online at www.talkingaboutcancer.org, however, still under development and testing. The main objective of this platform is to allow every citizen to freely build their network of contacts and information, according to their own individual and/ or collective needs and desires.

Redes de C&T em institutos p��blicos de pesquisa brasileiros: o caso do Instituto Agron��mico do Paran�� (Iapar)

Este artigo demonstra como foram e como s��o executados projetos em rede de C & T no Instituto Agron��mico do Paran�� (Iapar). Em rela����o aos procedimentos metodol��gicos, a pesquisa �� qualitativa, descritiva e seccional, com perspectiva longitudinal, e foi desenvolvida por meio de um estudo de caso. Os dois projetos selecionados foram os que mais trouxeram visibilidade ao instituto, de acordo com informa����es extra��das de entrevistas com as v��rias pessoas que dirigiram o Iapar desde a sua funda����o. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados de forma prim��ria (por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dirigentes e pesquisadores envolvidos nos projetos) e secund��ria (pesquisa documental). A compreens��o do fen��meno apoiou-se fundamentalmente na interpreta����o das falas dos sujeitos de pesquisa. A an��lise dos dois projetos executados em rede de C & T em ��pocas distintas pelo Iapar revelou que seu significado mudou ao longo do tempo. As primeiras redes foram formadas para o cumprimento do papel social do Iapar no Paran��. Mais recentemente, os projetos conduzidos em rede pelo instituto t��m o objetivo priorit��rio de capta����o de recursos e obten����o de legitimidade ante o Estado e a sociedade.

Pesquisas cooperativas entre universidades e institutos p��blicos no setor agropecu��rio brasileiro: um estudo na Embrapa

A presente pesquisa objetivou a caracteriza����o das coopera����es entre universidades e institutos de pesquisa (U-IP) no setor agropecu��rio. O referencial te��rico aborda temas como tecnologia e inova����o tecnol��gica, sistema nacional de inova����o (SNI), coopera����o interinstitucional para inova����o tecnol��gica, transfer��ncia de tecnologia, al��m dos pap��is de universidades e institutos de pesquisa dentro do SNI. Tamb��m aborda os temas de tipos de pesquisa e o contexto da pesquisa agropecu��ria brasileira. A revis��o te��rica foi fundamentada na coopera����o entre universidades e empresas (U-E), dada a reduzida literatura a respeito da coopera����o U-IP. A metodologia utilizada foi a de estudo de caso, de natureza explorat��ria e qualitativa, utilizando roteiros de entrevista semiestruturados, question��rios semiestruturados, bem como an��lise documental. O caso estudado foi o da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecu��ria (Embrapa), onde foram coletados dados em tr��s unidades de pesquisa, tr��s universidades que cooperam com essas unidades e tr��s unidades administrativas da Embrapa que apresentam contato com as universidades, totalizando nove entrevistas e question��rios. Foi poss��vel dessa forma identificar motivadores, tipos de liga����es, barreiras, facilitadores e resultados percebidos nessas coopera����es.

Gest��o de institutos p��blicos de pesquisa no Brasil: limites do modelo jur��dico

Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar quais os espaços de autonomia e flexibilidade gerencial e organizacional dos institutos públicos de pesquisa (IPPs) no Brasil em face dos limites impostos por seu arcabouço legal, assim como os desdobramentos dessas condições para o cumprimento e o desempenho das missões institucionais. Para tal, foram buscadas experiências distintas sobre reorganizações organizacionais, modelos jurídicos e legislações de IPPs no Brasil e no mundo, e realizados dois estudos de caso com IPPs brasileiros - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Inpe) e Centro de Tecnologia da Informação Renato Archer (CTI) -, ambos sujeitos ao regime jurídico da administração direta federal. Como conclusão destaca-se a existência de graus de liberdade gerencial que abrem perspectivas de autonomia e flexibilidade que podem ser aproveitadas de forma variada e ampliada por parte desse tipo de organização.

Proportional cancer incidence according to selected sites: comparison between residents in the City of S. Paulo, Brazil: Japanese and Brazilian/Portuguese descent

The percentual distributions of selected sites of cancer cases according to origin, sex and age are compared. Data were obtained from the Registry of Cancer of S. Paulo (School of Public Health of the University of S. Paulo, Brazil). The reference period for inhabitants of Japanese descent was 1969/78 and for those of Brazilian descent, the period was 1969/75. Standardized Proportionate Incidence Ratios (SPIR) with approximate 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were evaluated using age specific Incidence Ratios of S. Paulo, 1973, as standards. The results agree with findings of previous works on mortality, but show different patterns according to origin. The well known fact that some sub-groups of a population may be different from the overall group is once again brought to the fore. Attention should be drawn to the differences detected for stomach, skin and prostate, in males, and for stomach, skin, cervix and uterus in females.

Cost of diseases in Brazil: breast cancer, enteritis, cardiac valve disease and bronchopneumonia

The results from the need to develop methodologies for performing cost analysis in developing countries, principally in the region of Latin America, were studied. It, furthermore, serves to generate knowledge from an economic evaluation in order to support decision-making related to the organization of health systems, particularly in the efficient use of resources which are allocated for the provision of medical services. Two chronic diseases (breast cancer and cardiac valve disease) and two infections (enteritis and bronchopneumonia) were selected for the study. The results recommend the use of a valid methodology for economic cost analysis of any disease to be studied and the use of this information in the decision-making process.

Wound healing and cancer progression in Opisthorchis viverrini associated cholangiocarcinoma

Letter to the editor

Breast cancer in Mexican women: an epidemiological study with cervical cancer control

INTRODUCTION: In Mexico, breast cancer (BC) is one of the main causes of cancer deaths in women, with increasing incidence and mortality in recent years. Therefore, the aim of the study is identify possible risk factors related to BC. METHODS: An epidemiological study of hospital cases of BC and controls with cervical uterine cancer (CUCA) was carried out at eight third level concentration hospitals in Mexico City. The total of 353 incident cases of BC and 630 controls with CUCA were identified among women younger than 75 years who had been residents of the metropolitan area of Mexico City for at least one year. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically in both groups. Variables were analyzed according to biological and statistical plausibility criteria. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out. Cases and controls were stratified according to the menopausal hormonal status (pre and post menopause). RESULTS: The factors associated with BC were: higher socioeconomic level (OR= 2.77; 95%CI = 1.77 - 4.35); early menarche (OR= 1.32; 95%CI= 0.88 - 2.00); old age at first pregnancy (>31 years: OR= 5.49; 95%CI= 2.16 - 13.98) and a family history of BC (OR= 4.76; 95% CI= 2.10 - 10.79). In contrast, an increase in the duration of the breastfeeding period was a protective factor (>25 months: OR= 0.38; 95%CI= 0.20 - 0.70). CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to the identification of risk factors for BC described in the international literature, in the population of Mexican women. Breastfeeding appears to play an important role in protecting women from BC. Because of changes in women`s lifestyles, lactation is decreasing in Mexico, and young women tend not to breastfeed or to shorten the duration of lactation.

An��lise comparativa de duas tradu����es de Tropic of Cancer de Henry Miller

Orientadora: Maria Helena Anacleto-Matias

Cancer incidence in eighteen cities of the State of S��o Paulo, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: As in Brazil cancer registries are mostly based on large cities, there are no estimates per state or per region and information on the disease incidence in the vast in-land areas is very scarce. An incidence survey was conducted in 18 major cities of the state of S��o Paulo, excluding the capital, aiming to collect information about cancer incidence in the state of S��o Paulo. METHODS: Of the 18 cities in state of S��o Paulo included in the survey, all had available resources for cancer management. Data from the year of 1991 were collected by the personnel of the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat��stica (Brazilian Institute of Statistics), who were especially trained by the study coordinators at the Funda����o Oncocentro de S��o Paulo (Cancer Center of S��o Paulo). The collected data were processed and analyzed at the Oncocentro. Data collection, processing, and analyses were performed according to the recommendations of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. RESULTS: Although some discrepancies were observed in cancer incidence rates between the cities, results obtained for all 18 cities combined were remarkably close to those recently found for the city of S��o Paulo in the year 1993. One remarkable finding was the relatively high cancer incidence rates in both sexes in the city of Santos. CONCLUSIONS: The very similar all-sites cancer incidence rates found in the year 1991, when compared to those for the city of S��o Paulo in the year 1993, are suggestive that all regions have common cancer-related factors. Nevertheless, other explanations, such as the inclusion in the study of prevalent cases, as well as of non-residents, may have occurred in both studies, biasing the results. There is a need of further studies to confirm the high cancer incidence in Santos.

What do we know about the ��/�� for prostate cancer?

Since last decade, the debate on the parameter which reflects prostate cancer sensitivity to fractionation in a radiotherapy treatment, the ��/��, has become extensive. Unlike most tumors, the low labeling indices (LI) and large potential doubling time that characterize the prostate tumor led some authors to consider that it may behave as a late responding tissue. So far, the existing studies with regard to this subject point to a low value of ��/��, around 2.7 Gy, which may be considered as a therapeutic gain in relation to surrounding normal tissues by using fewer and larger fractions. The aim of this paper is to review several estimates that have been made in the last few years regarding the prostate cancer ��/�� both from clinical and experimental data, as well as the set of factors that have potentially influenced these evaluations.

Cancer incidence projections for Lisbon and Santar��m districts: an aid to radiotherapy services planning

Will the existing means in Radiotherapy respond to the needs of the potential user population in 2014 for Lisbon and Santar��m districts? Number of treatment units? Number of Radiotherapy Technologists? Temporal variations of the dimension and age structure of the populations: Coastal areas/Interior areas, Urban areas/Rural areas. Temporal variations in the incidence of several types of cancer. Overall objectives: evaluate of the necessities of Radiotherapy for Lisbon and Santar��m districts in 2014 and elaboration of proposals that aim the access/use for the potential user population.