Avaliação do potencial probiótico de leveduras isoladas de azeitonas de mesa da cultivar Negrinha de Freixo

Probióticos são definidos como microrganismos vivos, que quando administrados em quantidades adequadas, conferem benefícios à saúde do hospedeiro. Atualmente a pesquisa de microrganismos probióticos a partir da fermentação da azeitona tem-se centrado nas bactérias ácido-lácticas, sendo escassos os estudos envolvendo leveduras. No presente trabalho avaliou-se o potencial probiótico de estirpes de leveduras previamente isoladas durante o processo de fermentação natural de azeitona de mesada cultivar Negrinha de Freixo. Foram avaliadas 16 estirpes em relação à atividade enzimática (catalase, amilase, xilanase, protease e β-glucosidase); ao crescimento a 37ºC; ação inibitória frente a microrganismos patogénicos; capacidade de autoagregação; atividade antioxidante (utilizando o método de DPPH); e resistência ao aparelho digestivo humano, a partir de uma simulação in vitro da digestão gástrica e pancreática. Os resultados apresentados para a atividade enzimática indicaram que em alguns isolados foi detetado fraca atividade das enzimas protease, xilanase e amilase. Já uma atividade forte de lipase foi observada nas estirpes Pichia manshurica e Saccharomyces cerevisiae (15A e 15B). Para a enzima β-glucosidase, identificou-se atividade forte em Rhodotorula graminis, Rhodotorula glutinis, Candida norvegica, Pichia guilliermondii e Galactomyces reessii. Relativamente à capacidade de crescimento à temperatura corporal (37ºC), três estirpes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 15B; Candida tropicalis 1A; e Pichia membranifaciens 29A) destacaram-se por apresentar maior taxa específica de crescimento. A capacidade bloqueadora dos radicais livres DPPH foi verificada em 10 estirpes, sendo as estirpes de S. cerevisiae as que mais se destacaram dentre as outras. As estirpes C. norvegica e G. reessii (34A) apresentaram capacidade antifúngica frente ao microrganismo patogénico Cryptococcus neoformans. Em relação à capacidade de autoagregação avaliada, as estirpes S. cerevisiae (15A), Candida tropicalis (1A) e C. norvegica (7A) apresentaram ao fim de 24 horas percentagens superiores a 80%. Relativamenteà resistência frente às condições presentes no trato gastrointestinal in vitro, a estirpe P. guilliermondii (25A), destacou-se dentre as demais, por apresentar maior capacidade de sobrevivência em todo o processo digestivo simulado. As estirpes Candida boidinii (37A) e S. cerevisiae (15A) apresentaram menor capacidade de sobrevivência nestas condições. Contudo, serão necessários testes adicionais para complementar estes resultados.

Avaliação de um programa de formação parental: “Trampolim"

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA - Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica

Qualidade de vida, percepção de saúde, resiliência, auto-regulação e suporte social nos adolescentes portugueses com a doencça crónica

Tese de Doutoramento em Psicologia na área de especialidade Psicologia da Saúde

Análise exploratória de simulações sociais computacionais por meio de estatística multivariada e mapas auto-organizáveis.

Visando oferecer subsídios para a avaliação do Plano Territorial de Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário este trabalho teve como objetivo a aplicação da análise de componentes principais, da análise de agrupamentos pelo método hierárquico aglomerativo e da rede neural do tipo Mapa Auto-Organizável de Kohonen na análise exploratória de resultados de simulações sociais computacionais do sistema socioterritorial ?Território Rural Sul "sergipano?. A metodologia basea-se na Sociologia da Ação Organizada e no método Soclab. As análises estatísticas mostraram que o sistema socioterritorial em questão tem estrutura simples e determinística, ou seja, apresenta um jogo social cooperativo com forte tendência à estabilidade mesmo com situações de interesses divergentes. A análise neural permitiu a caracterização das situações atípicas quando ocorrem a estabilidade do sistema social.

Questionário de qualidade de vida na epilepsia: resultados preliminares

Seizures happen for brief periods of time, but the feelings of anxiety and helplessness, adaptation to the restrictions impose by the life-style and variety of other problems affect more the quality of life in epilepsy. This study proposes a protocol that regards the objectives of a quality of life assessment in health and is applied to a population that attends a university hospital. It contains 65 items and assesses the psychosocial performance, physical limitation, cognitive aspects, perception of control, self-concept, as well as perception of health and quality of life. The results of reliability and validity are discussed.

Transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade: proposta de avaliação neuropsicológica para diagnóstico

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. The aim of this research was to contribute more precisely to the diagnosis of ADHD, to propose a battery of neuropsychological assessment and to analyze the contribution of each test. We studied 10 matched pairs of children with ADHD and normal controls (7 to 11 years). Inclusion criteria were: presence of ADHD typical behavior, positive diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-IV, normal IQ, normal neurological examination and parental consent. We used extensive neuropsychological battery. The results showed differential sensitivity for detection of attentional problems in children with ADHD, although most tests did not reach statistical significance. The item, errors, of WCST revealed statistically significant difference between the two groups: ADHD performance was inferior to controls . In conclusion the neuropsychological assessment battery used in this research contributed to the diagnosis of ADHD.

Método para avaliação da conduta visual de lactentes

The purpose of this study is to introduce a method to evaluate visual functions in infants in the first three months of life. An adaptation of the Guide for the Assessment of Visual Ability in Infants (Gagliardo, 1997) was used. The instrument was a ring with string. It was implemented a pilot study with 33 infants, selected according to the following criteria: neonates well enough to go home within two days of birth; 1 to 3 months of chronological age; monthly evaluation with no absence; subjects living in Campinas/SP metropolitan area. In the first month we observed: visual fixation (93,9%); eye contact (90,9%); horizontal tracking (72,7%); inspects surroundings (97,0%). In the third month, we observed: inspects own hands (42,4%) and increased movements of arms (36,4%). This method allowed the evaluation of visual functions in infants, according to the chronological age. Alterations in this function will facilitate immediate referral to medical services for diagnoses.

Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para o ensino médio: avaliação de documento

This text offers some contributions to the debate on the changes proposed to the National Curricular Directives to reform secondary education in Brazil. In the first part, the political and economic scene is evaluated as the context which generated the last stage of reforms in the educational field in the 90s. It questions the option for a model of structural reform (in the Brazilian case more restricted to the Program for Reform of Professional Education - PROEP) and of the curriculum, whose themes find their justification in the contemporary economic, social cultural and political context. It discusses the use of a model that bases itself on experiences developed in other countries and takes the international orientation of the multilateral organizations as its theoretical methodological reference, leaving out the peculiarities and injunctions of the Brazilian political administrative system. Such a policy measure can increase the tension and distance normally existing between government programs and the possibility of their real implementation in the school network. In the second part, it discusses the Resolution of the National Education Council, the Congress on Basic Education, no.3, of 16.698 that instituted the National Curricular Directives for secondary education, as well as the Legal Bases - Part I - of the National Curricular Parameters for secondary education. The analysis of official discourse takes Bardin's (1977, p. 209) proposals as its methodological reference for the models of structural analysis, seeking to make the implicit values and the connotations of the legal texts explicit

Avaliação do teor e da estabilidade de vitaminas do complexo B e vitamina C em bebidas isotônicas e energéticas

Vitamin C stability and concentration was evaluated in isotonic beverages and B group vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6) in power beverages. The amount of vitamins was found to be above of that declared on the labels, even after the shelf life had been exceeded. A small decrease in the amount of B group vitamins was observed during the shelf life of the products. In the case of vitamin C this decrease was slightly higher. The present research shows the need of increased quality control and inspection.

Determinação do perfil de compostos voláteis e avaliação do sabor e aroma de bebidas produzidas a partir da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Volatile compounds from green and roasted yerba mate were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the flavor profile from yerba mate beverages was determined by descriptive quantitative analyses. The main compounds tentatively identified in green mate were linalool, alpha-terpineol and trans-linalool oxide and in roasted mate were (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal isomers and 5-methylfurfural. Green mate infusion was qualified as having bitter taste and aroma as well as green grass aroma while roasted mate was defined as having a smooth, slightly burnt aroma. The relationship between the tentatively identified compounds and flavor must be determined by olfatometric analysis.

Contaminação de águas subterrâneas por pesticidas: avaliação preliminar

A discussion about groundwater contamination is presented in this work. Contamination by agricultural activity, more specifically by pesticides is emphasized. Indirect and direct estimates could be used to predict pesticide behavior in soil, and consequently, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination. These results could be applied to advise about the possibility of groundwater contamination by pesticides, and to provide subsidies for making decisions more quickly and efficiently.

Quantificação de antimônio em garrafas de politereftalato de etileno (PET) brasileiras por fluorescência de raios-X e avaliação quimiométrica para verificar a presença de pet reciclado através do teor de ferro

Antimony is a common catalyst in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate used for food-grade bottles manufacturing. However, antimony residues in final products are transferred to juices, soft drinks or water. The literature reports mentions of toxicity associated to antimony. In this work, a green, fast and direct method to quantify antimony, sulfur, iron and copper, in PET bottles by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is presented. 2.4 to 11 mg Sb kg-1 were found in 20 samples analyzed. The coupling of the multielemental technique to chemometric treatment provided also the possibility to classify PET samples between bottle-grade PET/recycled PET blends by Fe content.

Sulfetos volatilizáveis por acidificação e metais extraídos simultaneamente na avaliação de sedimentos de água doce

This paper discusses the historical and methodological fundaments of the dynamics and quantification of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in aquatic sediments. It also discusses the SEM/AVS relationship, which involves several controversial aspects such as sulfide stability, sulfide-organic matter interaction, and the inability to predict the toxicity of organic compounds in the environment. This relationship is an important tool for the inference of metal bioavailability. The use of ecotoxicological tests with target organisms regulated by international standards is also a relevant aspect.

Avaliação por SAXS e DSC das interações entre H2O e Renex-100

The aggregation behavior of the non-ionic surfactant Renex-100 in aqueous solutions and mesophases was evaluated by SAXS in a wide range of concentrations, between 20 and 30 °C. Complementary, water interactions were defined by DSC curves around 0°C. SAXS showed that the system undergoes the following phase transitions, from diluted to concentrated aqueous solutions: 1) isotropic solution of Renex aggregates; 2) hexagonal mesophase; 3) lamellar mesophase; and 4) isotropic solution. DSC analysis indicated the presence of interfacial water above 70wt%, which agreed with the segregation of free water to form the structural mesophases observed by SAXS bellow this concentration.

Avaliação de técnicas de classificação digital de imagens landsat em diferentes padrões de cobertura da terra em Rondônia

Remotely sensed imagery has been widely used for land use/cover classification thanks to the periodic data acquisition and the widespread use of digital image processing systems offering a wide range of classification algorithms. The aim of this work was to evaluate some of the most commonly used supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms under different landscape patterns found in Rondônia, including (1) areas of mid-size farms, (2) fish-bone settlements and (3) a gradient of forest and Cerrado (Brazilian savannah). Comparison with a reference map based on the kappa statistics resulted in good to superior indicators (best results - K-means: k=0.68; k=0.77; k=0.64 and MaxVer: k=0.71; k=0.89; k=0.70 respectively for three areas mentioned). Results show that choosing a specific algorithm requires to take into account both its capacity to discriminate among various spectral signatures under different landscape patterns as well as a cost/benefit analysis considering the different steps performed by the operator performing a land cover/use map. it is suggested that a more systematic assessment of several options of implementation of a specific project is needed prior to beginning a land use/cover mapping job.