Apreciação, pelo Congresso Nacional, sobre padrão de televisão digital: algumas considerações

Analisa se o documento assinado em 29 de junho de 2006 sobre o padrão de televisão digital a ser adotado no País deve, ou não, ser apreciado pelo Congresso Nacional.

Projeto de lei que conceda dedução do imposto de renda para as pessoas jurídicas que investirem na área da educação

Consultoria Legislativa - Área III - Tributação, Direito Tributário.

Competência para decidir sobre a perda de mandato parlamentar no direito comparado

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Monte Carlo Valuation of natural gas investments

This paper deals with the valuation of energy assets related to natural gas. In particular, we evaluate a baseload Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant and an ancillary instalation, namely a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facility, in a realistic setting; specifically, these investments enjoy a long useful life but require some non-negligible time to build. Then we focus on the valuation of several investment options again in a realistic setting. These include the option to invest in the power plant when there is uncertainty concerning the initial outlay, or the option's time to maturity, or the cost of CO2 emission permits, or when there is a chance to double the plant size in the future. Our model comprises three sources of risk. We consider uncertain gas prices with regard to both the current level and the long-run equilibrium level; the current electricity price is also uncertain. They all are assumed to show mean reversion. The two-factor model for natural gas price is calibrated using data from NYMEX NG futures contracts. Also, we calibrate the one-factor model for electricity price using data from the Spanish wholesale electricity market, respectively. Then we use the estimated parameter values alongside actual physical parameters from a case study to value natural gas plants. Finally, the calibrated parameters are also used in a Monte Carlo simulation framework to evaluate several American-type options to invest in these energy assets. We accomplish this by following the least squares MC approach.

Altruism with Social Roots: An Emerging Literature

Revised: 2007-01.-- Published as an article in: Revista Desarrollo y Sociedad (2006), Semestre II, pp. 245-260.

Computing abuse related damages in the case of new entry: An illustration for the Directory Enquiry Services market

A number of European countries, among which the UK and Spain, have opened up their Directory Enquiry Services (DQs, or 118AB) market to competition. We analyse the Spanish case, where both local and foreign firms challenged the incumbent as of April 2003. We argue that the incumbent had the ability to abuse its dominant position, and that it was a perfectly rational strategy. In short,the incumbent raised its rivals' costs directly by providing an inferior quality version of the (essential) input, namely the incumbent's subscribers' database. We illustrate how it is possible to quantify the effect of abuse in situation were the entrant has no previous history in the market. To do this, we use the UK experience to construct the relevant counterfactual, that is the "but for abuse" scenario. After controlling for relative prices and advertising intensity, we find that one of the foreign entrants achieved a Spanish market share of only half of what it would have been in the absence of abuse.

The Relationship between Risk and Expected Return in Europe

Revised: 2006-07

氢对锆基块体非晶合金形变和开裂的影响

通过充氢和未充氢缺口拉伸试样和三点弯曲试样在SEM下的原位加载,研究了氢对Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17．5块体非晶合金形变和开裂过程的影响．结果表明,无论是否有氢,块体非晶的剪切带发展到临界尺寸,剪切裂纹就沿剪切带形核、扩展,它一旦张开就导致快速的断裂．断口边缘观察到的无特征区是剪切带,而不是剪切裂纹断口;剪切断口形貌和拉伸断口形貌没有本质区别．只有当长时间充氢才能形成氢鼓泡,如鼓泡很小或尚未形成,则氢对剪切带以及裂纹的形核、扩展没有明显影响;如存在较大的氢鼓泡,则当剪切带尚未充分发展时微裂纹就形核,导致低应力脆断．

球墨铸铁材料对激光的吸收率

球墨铸铁因其优良性能而被广泛用作模具材料。对球墨铸铁冲压模具的激光表面处理已成为改善其耐磨性、提高使用寿命的重要方法。一定激光参量下吸收率的大小又直接影响到表面处理的质量。因此，确定球墨铸铁材料对激光的吸收率十分必要。通过热电偶测温，计算机数据采集系统进行定点温度采集，并结合数值模拟方法，对吸收率进行了标定，即首先根据预置的吸收率计算，预测被测点处的温度响应，并与实测响应比较，不断修正吸收率值，使预测温度响应和实验值吻合，由此获得吸收率。采用这种方法获得了球墨铸铁材料在大气条件下对激光的吸收率为23．3％。为激光处理球墨铸铁材料时工艺参量的选择和优化提供了一定参考。

Oihartzunak-hitz sustraituak

Este artículo se puede encontrar en castellano en la revista Cuadernos de Psicomotricidad, nº 29,(2005) titulado Resonancias, y nº 30, (2005) titulado Palabras enraizadas.

La aventura de investigar. Una experiencia de investigación-acción participativa

[ES]El objetivo de este estudio consiste en desvelar las sensaciones, sentimientos y pensamientos que la aventura de implicarse en una investigación-acción participativa genera sobre los distintos grupos de personas implicadas en una experiencia de Deporte Escolar (DE)(docentes, escolares,coordinadores de DE, familias, monitores, equipos directivos,...). Al comienzo del trabajo se expone el marco teórico en el que se sustenta la investigación, que imbrica la perspectiva metodológica cualitativa y la orientación de pensamiento socio-crítica aplicada en el contexto del DE. A continuación, se describe el diseño de este estudio, que se desarrolló desde el curso escolar 2002/03 hasta el 2006/07, presentando a los participantes, los contextos de acción-formativa construidos, las técnicas de generación de datos utilizadas y, el procedimiento de análisis e interpretación de datos. Después, se pone especial interés en las voces de los participantes para ponerlas en discusión con lo que investigadores del campo han puesto de manifiesto con anterioridad sobre el poder formativo que ejerce la investigación-acción y, finalmente, se recogen las conclusiones principales obtenidas de este estudio.

An Experimental Study on Flame Propagation in Cornstarch Dust Clouds

Following the quantitative determination of dust cloud parameters, this study investigates the flame propagation through cornstarch dust clouds in a vertical duct of 780 mm height and 160 x 160 mm square cross section, and gives particular attention to the effect of small scale turbulence and small turbulence intensity on flame characteristics. Dust suspensions in air were produced using an improved apparatus ensuring more uniform distribution and repeatable dust concentrations in the testing duct. The dispersion-induced turbulence was measured by means of a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system, and dust concentrations were estimated by direct weighing method. This quantitative assessment made it possible to correlate observed flame behaviors with the parameters of the dust cloud. Upward propagating dust flames, from both closed/open bottom end to open/closed top end of the duct, were visualized by direct light and shadow photography. From the observation of propagation regimes and the measurements of flame velocity, a critical value of the turbulence intensity can be specified below which laminar flame propagation would be established. This transition condition was determined to be 10 cm/s. Laminar flames propagated with oscillations from the closed bottom end to the open top end of the testing duct, while the turbulent flames accelerated continuously. Both laminar and turbulent flames propagated with steady velocity from the open bottom end to the closed top end of the duct. The measured propagation velocity of laminar flames appeared to be in the range of 0.45-0.56 m/s, and it was consistent with the measurements reported in the literature. In the present experimental study, the influence of dust concentration on flame propagation was also examined, and the flame propagation velocity was found weakly sensitive to the variations in dust concentration. Some information on the flame structure was revealed from the shadow records, showing the typical heterogeneous feature of the dust combustion process.

Análisis del perfil formativo en tecnologías de la información y comunicación del alumnado universitario y su adecuación a las necesidades empresariales en el ámbito de la CAPV

III, 438 p.

XIX. mendeko euskal gramatikagintzari buruzko ikerketak

lx, 407 or. [Bibliografia: 345-397; Index nominum: 399-405; Taulen aurkibidea: 407]