Highly Sensitive Sensor Based On Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy By Means of Relative Intensity Noise

This thesis concerns with the main aspects of medical trace molecules detection by means of intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS), namely with the equirements for highly sensitive, highly selective, low price, and compact size sensor. A novel two modes semiconductor laser sensor is demonstrated. Its operation principle is based on the competition between these two modes. The sensor sensitivity is improved when the sample is placed inside the two modes laser cavity, and the competition between the two modes exists. The effects of the mode competition in ICLAS are discussed theoretically and experimentally. The sensor selectivity is enhanced using external cavity diode laser (ECDL) configuration, where the tuning range only depends on the external cavity configuration. In order to considerably reduce the sensor cost, relative intensity noise (RIN) is chosen for monitoring the intensity ratio of the two modes. RIN is found to be an excellent indicator for the two modes intensity ratio variations which strongly supports the sensor methodology. On the other hand, it has been found that, wavelength tuning has no effect on the RIN spectrum which is very beneficial for the proposed detection principle. In order to use the sensor for medical applications, the absorption line of an anesthetic sample, propofol, is measured. Propofol has been dissolved in various solvents. RIN has been chosen to monitor the sensor response. From the measured spectra, the sensor sensitivity enhancement factor is found to be of the order of 10^(3) times of the conventional laser spectroscopy.

Noise Reduction Using Low Weight and Constant Weight Coding Techniques

Signalling off-chip requires significant current. As a result, a chip's power-supply current changes drastically during certain output-bus transitions. These current fluctuations cause a voltage drop between the chip and circuit board due to the parasitic inductance of the power-supply package leads. Digital designers often go to great lengths to reduce this "transmitted" noise. Cray, for instance, carefully balances output signals using a technique called differential signalling to guarantee a chip has constant output current. Transmitted-noise reduction costs Cray a factor of two in output pins and wires. Coding achieves similar results at smaller costs.

Priors Stabilizers and Basis Functions: From Regularization to Radial, Tensor and Additive Splines

We had previously shown that regularization principles lead to approximation schemes, as Radial Basis Functions, which are equivalent to networks with one layer of hidden units, called Regularization Networks. In this paper we show that regularization networks encompass a much broader range of approximation schemes, including many of the popular general additive models, Breiman's hinge functions and some forms of Projection Pursuit Regression. In the probabilistic interpretation of regularization, the different classes of basis functions correspond to different classes of prior probabilities on the approximating function spaces, and therefore to different types of smoothness assumptions. In the final part of the paper, we also show a relation between activation functions of the Gaussian and sigmoidal type.

Thermal Noise Behavior of the Bridge Circuit

This paper considers a connection between the deterministic and noisy behavior of nonlinear networks. Specifically, a particular bridge circuit is examined which has two possibly nonlinear energy storage elements. By proper choice of the constitutive relations for the network elements, the deterministic terminal behavior reduces to that of a single linear resistor. This reduction of the deterministic terminal behavior, in which a natural frequency of a linear circuit does not appear in the driving-point impedance, has been shown in classical circuit theory books (e.g. [1, 2]). The paper shows that, in addition to the reduction of the deterministic behavior, the thermal noise at the terminals of the network, arising from the usual Nyquist-Johnson noise model associated with each resistor in the network, is also exactly that of a single linear resistor. While this result for the linear time-invariant (LTI) case is a direct consequence of a well-known result for RLC circuits, the nonlinear result is novel. We show that the terminal noise current is precisely that predicted by the Nyquist-Johnson model for R if the driving voltage is zero or constant, but not if the driving voltage is time-dependent or the inductor and capacitor are time-varying

Nonlinear Device Noise Models:Thermodynamic Requirements

This paper proposes three tests to determine whether a given nonlinear device noise model is in agreement with accepted thermodynamic principles. These tests are applied to several models. One conclusion is that every Gaussian noise model for any nonlinear device predicts thermodynamically impossible circuit behavior: these models should be abandoned. But the nonlinear shot-noise model predicts thermodynamically acceptable behavior under a constraint derived here. Further, this constraint specifies the current noise amplitude at each operating point from knowledge of the device v - i curve alone. For the Gaussian and shot-noise models, this paper shows how the thermodynamic requirements can be reduced to concise mathematical tests involving no approximatio

Neuroticism, intelligence, and intra-individual variability in elementary cognitive tasks : Testing the mental noise hypothesis. 'Neuroticismo, inteligencia y variabilidad intra-individual en tareas cognitivas elementales : contraste de la hip??tesis del ruido neuronal'

Resumen tomado de la publicaci??n

Estudio de corte transversal en minería subterránea. Asociación entre los riesgos identificados por los trabajadores y los establecidos por las empresas. Boyacá - Colombia 2014.

Introducción. La minería subterránea de carbón en Colombia, es una de las áreas productivas más importantes con grandes oportunidades de trabajo para el capital obrero. Sin embargo en el sector se ha venido incrementando la accidentalidad problema que tiende a aumentar por el desarrollo proyectado para el 2019 en cuanto al número de trabajadores y la llegada de nuevas tecnologías. Objetivo. Determinar la asociación entre los riesgos identificados por los trabajadores y los establecidos por la empresa en los respectivos subprogramas de medicina preventiva y del trabajo, higiene y seguridad Industrial y caracterizar las actividades de los subprogramas de medicina preventiva y del trabajo, higiene y seguridad industrial implementados en las empresas. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, con el propósito de establecer frecuencias de asociación entre los riesgos identificados por los trabajadores y los establecidos por las empresas de minería subterránea de carbón en el departamento de Boyacá. Se aplicaron dos cuestionarios individual y de empresa, se hizo la caracterización de las actividades y se determino la asociación entre ambas por medio de análisis estadístico, la muestra fue probabilística, estratificada, con asignación proporcional aleatoria y por conglomerados bietapicos. Resultados El estudio evidenció que apenas se presenta un cumplimiento levemente superior al 50% del ordenamiento legal. En cuanto a la identificación y conocimiento del riesgo, la asociación entre el riesgo reconocido por los trabajadores y los reportados por la empresa fue significativo en físico ruido 16,2% y trabajo en caliente 8,88%. La asociación entre el uso de elementos de protección personal por parte de los trabajadores y los entregados por la empresa fue significativa en protección respiratoria con cartucho 75,80% y protección aditiva tipo inserción 78,00% y tipo copa 80,40%. Conclusiones Se encontró entre otros que los riesgos identificados por los trabajadores y establecidos por las empresas son muy pocos y que apenas se cumplen los requisitos legales vigentes.

Strial capillary permeability following noise exposure in mice

A study of strial capillary permeability using fluorescent microspheres and immunohistochemistry in mice that do or do not exhibit a reduction in endocochlear potential following a single, intense noise exposure.

Development of curriculum in noise awareness

This paper presents a curriculum in noise awareness developed for use in the second and fourth grades, to teach children about the harmful effects of elevated noise levels.

Speech intelligibility in noise-induced hearing loss: effects of high-frequency compensation

This dissertation examines the frequency response that results in the maximum level of speech intelligibility for persons with noise-induced hearing loss.

Noise exposure in the operating room

This paper discusses a study done to determine noise levels in operating rooms

A comparison of physical measurements of pure-tones, third-octave bands of noise and third-octave bands of speech to subjective judgments of audibility threshold, MCL and UCL for three normally hearing listeners

This study investigates the relation between physical measurements of pure-tones, third-octave bands of noise and third-octave bands of speech and subjective judgments of auditory threshold, most-comfortable listening level (MCL) and uncomfortable-listening level (UCL) for three normally hearing listeners.

Noise levels and hearing conservation in a water treatment facility

This paper describes a study assessing the sound levels and noise exposures of a municipal water treatment plant to determine the level of employee noise exposure dosages and to make any necessary recommendations regarding reducing the risk of noise induced hearing loss in employees.

Role of alpha synuclein in noise induced hearing loss

The recent discovery of the contribution of alpha synuclein in the auditory system prompted further investigation of its functional role. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and gap detection testing were completed on wild-type and transgenic M83 mice to assess the role of alpha synuclein in noise-induced hearing loss and central auditory function.