A observação da estrutura textual de livros e sua contribuição para a catalogação de assuntos em bibliotecas universitárias da UNESP

The indexing is a kind of description whose aim is to establish concepts expressed in a document and representing them according to a documentary language. There are elements that can contribute to a more complete selection of terms that will represent the document, like the observation of its textual structure and the context where the indexing professional acts. The analysis of the book textual structure can be carried out in a way that facilitates the indexing, as the professional can foresee the parts of the text where he localizes and identifies the more representative terms of the textual content. In such a way, it is intended to comprehend and inquire, with the applying of Verbal Protocol, the use that São Paulo libraries indexers do from the textual structure during the determination of subjects in such a way as to obtain the disclosure of their procedures, difficulties and restrictions through the externalization of thoughts during the recording of the indexing task. From the data analysis, it was possible to find out that the right hand page, the back of the title page, the chapters and other parts of the book s structure provided the greater number of terms, becoming the most important ones for the indexing task.

Gênero textual narrativo e produções escritas de escolares: contribuições para a apropriação da linguagem

This paper discusses the conception of textual genres present in the National Curriculum Parameters, regarding our school model, suggesting a program of support for pedagogical practice, the use of narrative genre, from their elements that organize this genre. The written productions of students showed significant growth indicators and ownership of the genre worked.

Variação e gênero textual: o uso das preposições nas cartas de leitoras brasileiras e portuguesas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Simulating Population Genetics of Pathogen Vectors in Changing Landscapes: Guidelines and Application with Triatoma brasiliensis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O Paradigma iniciário e a refacção no ensino de produção textual

A prática da reescrita é um dos métodos mais eficazes para aprender a dar sentido aos textos produzidos, a escrever textos coesos e coerentes, a não cometer erros de gramática, a se familiarizar com a ortografia da língua e, consequentemente, cometer cada vez menos erros desse tipo. Além disso, a reescrita permite chegar a textos com argumentação bem construída, a sair de textos de senso comum, a deixar de lado a linguagem infantilizada, a escrever para um leitor que não apenas o professor e a se acostumar com as características próprias de cada tipo de texto. Foram realizadas análises de textos escritos por estudantes do 2º ano do Ensino Médio a partir dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos referentes ao paradigma indiciário, paradigma este que permite análises do tipo qualitativa, desenvolvido no âmbito das ciências humanas. A partir do olhar de detetive proposto pelo paradigma indiciário foi possível indicar os erros cometidos pelos estudantes, fazê-los refletir sobre os próprios textos e melhorá-los através da reescrita. Os resultados obtidos com as refacções mostram que é este um método eficiente de se trabalhar em sala de aula, pois essa prática permite que o aluno se volte para os seus erros de forma a corrigi-los. Além disso, é possível concluir que essa prática constante tende sempre a trazer resultados positivos, visto que quantas mais forem as reescritas, melhor o texto se torna. Nesse sentido, a utilização do paradigma indiciário é muito pertinente por permitir uma análise minuciosa, mais atenta aos erros cometidos e às análises dos mesmos

Vocativos e o traço basicamente orientador da interação na Gramática Textual-Interativa

Within Textual-interactive Grammar, discourse markers are defined through a particular combination of linguistic features. One of them concerns the interactive role of discourse markers, and it is called “basic orientation of interaction”. As other authors have shown, this feature applies to expressions that play the following functions: Checking, Feedback, Injunction or Initiation. In this paper, we try to demonstrate that the feature under consideration also applies to Vocatives.

Terminologia e tradução juramentada: questões de tipologia textual e equivalência terminológica interlinguística Português-francês-italiano

In this study we analyse a body of documents in sworn translation from and to Portuguese in relation to French and Italian. Our objective has been to check the textual typology most requested for sworn translation in these languages and to outline a profile of the terminology recurrent in these types of text. We also present examples of interlinguistic terminological equivalence which become apparent when one translates some of the types of text in our corpus. The data presented here was obtained by the LexTraJu-O lexical project of sworn translation, of which the research is developed in the São José do Rio Preto campus of UNESP with the objective of obtaining resources for the improvement of the Translation Courses of this institution and of making a contribution to translation studies on the theme of sworn translation.

A Subfunção Interacional de checagem na Gramática Textual-Interativa

Na Gramática Textual-interativa, os Marcadores Discursivos são definidos mediante a combinação de traços linguísticos referentes a um conjunto de parâmetros de análise. Um desses parâmetros diz respeito à função que as expressões linguísticas exercem em termos de orientação da interação. Neste trabalho, discutimos um aspecto da função de orientação da interação, procurando contribuir para tornar cada vez mais precisa a definição de Marcadores Discursivos da Gramática Textual-interativa. Especificamente, discutimos a subfunção de Checagem, aqui entendida como uma das possíveis formas de particularização da função mais geral de orientação da interação. A esse respeito, dentre outras questões que abordamos, destacamos a natureza retórica como aspecto central das expressões de Checagem e analisamos a relação entre a subfunção de Checagem e o estatuto de Marcador Discursivo, procurando demonstrar que praticamente todas as expressões com essa subfunção constituem também, necessariamente, Marcadores Discursivos.

Oficinas de leitura, interpretação e produção textual no ensino fundamental

This paper describes a project called “Development of educational workshops on text reading, interpretation and writing in elementary school”, which took place at the São Paulo State University (UNESP) with financial support given by the PROEX-UNESP (Pro-Rectorate of Extension). This project aimed to organize and run educational workshops on reading, interpreting and writing different genres for students enrolled at a public elementary school in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo state. The analysis of the texts produced by the students unfolded the project into two essential approaches. In the first one, it was possible to identify problems and inaccuracies in language usage, which was the starting point to prepare the minicourses that would be offered. These mini-courses promoted a deep involvement of undergraduate students (in Portuguese Language and Literature) with the practice of Portuguese teaching at the school. In the second one, 5.468 texts, which were produced during the four-year project, founded researches whose goal is to describe processes in which there is a relation between speech and writing, and are based on a theoretical framework that values the multiplicity of literacies associated with social practices experienced by the students. Thus, this extension project aimed to articulate the service to the external community – in this case, public school students - to the internal community – undergraduate students in Portuguese Language and Literature.

Abordagem textual no ensino de latim

The study of Latin is essentially focused on the receptive writing skills acquisition. For this reason, the teaching of this ancient language should have the readers’ training as its main objective. ! e e" ective understanding of ancient texts depends on a learning process that is based on three competence levels: the language level, the textual level and the intertextual level. As part of this teaching methodology, which seeks to narrow the cultural gap between the ancient and the contemporary world, avoiding anachronistic interpretation of Latin texts, this paper presents strategies that allow students to learn grammar from authentic texts.

O discurso sobre a produção textual de gêneros literários

This paper aims to discuss teaching of literary genres writing. It presents reflections on studies of teaching of writing and on official documents that define pedagogical practices of text production. It presents, finally, a discourse analysis of the production of literary genres in Revista Língua Portuguesa, showing how is the media coverage of the teaching of writing in this vehicle. The research is based on Bakhtin studies of discourse.

Em busca do sentido: uma análise das estratégias de processamento textual em O milagre das folhas, de Clarice Lispector

This text aims to elucidate the textual processing strategies that give meaning to chronicle "The miracle of the leaves", of Clarice Lispector (1920-1977). Therefore, it starts from the basic postulate that the meaning is not in the fabric or verbal imagery, but the meanings constructed from the elements of language that are there to meet with the reader (BRONCKART, 2009, p. 257). Justified this reading strategy, since the chronic Lispector reveals multiple meanings endowed with a language and dialogue. The text processing is discussed in terms of an audience potentially youthful element that assigns characteristics relevant to the understanding of the functioning of this type of text in relation to younger readers. To achieve the goal, we start from the assumption that chronic, being a literary text endowed with aesthetic validity, not only conveys a content, but recreates it, adding to it new meanings.

The relationship between obesity, low back pain, and lumbar disc degeneration when genetics and the environment are considered: a systematic review of twin studies

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The relationships between obesity and low back pain (LBP) and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) remain unclear. It is possible that familial factors, including genetics and early environment, affect these relationships.PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between obesity-related measures (eg, weight, body mass index [BMI]) and LBP and LDD using twin studies, where the effect of genetics and early environment can be controlled.STUDY DESIGN: A systematic review with meta-analysis.METHODS: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched from the earliest records to August 2014. All cross-sectional and longitudinal observational twin studies identified by the search strategy were considered for inclusion. Two investigators independently assessed the eligibility, conducted the quality assessment, and extracted the data. Metaanalyses (fixed or random effects, as appropriate) were used to pool studies'estimates of association.RESULTS: In total, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. Five studies were included in the LBP analysis and seven in the LDD analysis. For the LBP analysis, pooling of the five studies showed that the risk of having LBP for individuals with the highest levels of BMI or weight was almost twice that of people with a lower BMI (odds ratio [OR] 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6-2.0; I-2 = 0%). A dose-response relationship was also identified. When genetics and the effects of a shared early environment were adjusted for using a within-pair twin case-control analysis, pooling of three studies showed a reduced but statistically positive association between obesity and prevalence of LBP (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1-2.1; I-2 = 0%). However, the association was further diminished and not significant (OR 1.4; 95% CI 0.8-2.3; I-2 = 0%) when pooling included two studies on monozygotic twin pairs only. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for LDD. When familial factors were not controlled for, body weight was positively associated with LDD in all five cross-sectional studies. Only two cross-sectional studies investigated the relationship between obesity-related measures and LDD accounting for familial factors, and the results were conflicting. One longitudinal study in LBP and three longitudinal studies in LDD found no increase in risk in obese individuals, whether or not familial factors were controlled for.CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this review suggest that genetics and early environment are possible mechanisms underlying the relationship between obesity and LBP; however, a direct causal link between these conditions appears to be weak. Further longitudinal studies using the twin design are needed to better understand the complex mechanisms underlying the associations between obesity, LBP, and LDD.

Insights into HLA-G genetics provided by worldwide haplotype diversity

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Landscape Genetics of Raccoons (Procyon lotor) Associated with Ridges and Valleys of Pennsylvania: Implications for Oral Rabies Vaccination Programs

Raccoons are the reservoir for the raccoon rabies virus variant in the United States. To combat this threat, oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs are conducted in many eastern states. To aid in these efforts, the genetic structure of raccoons (Procyon lotor) was assessed in southwestern Pennsylvania to determine if select geographic features (i.e., ridges and valleys) serve as corridors or hindrances to raccoon gene flow (e.g., movement) and, therefore, rabies virus trafficking in this physiographic region. Raccoon DNA samples (n = 185) were collected from one ridge site and two adjacent valleys in southwestern Pennsylvania (Westmoreland, Cambria, Fayette, and Somerset counties). Raccoon genetic structure within and among these study sites was characterized at nine microsatellite loci. Results indicated that there was little population subdivision among any sites sampled. Furthermore, analyses using a model-based clustering approach indicated one essentially panmictic population was present among all the raccoons sampled over a reasonably broad geographic area (e.g., sites up to 36 km apart). However, a signature of isolation by distance was detected, suggesting that widths of ORV zones are critical for success. Combined, these data indicate that geographic features within this landscape influence raccoon gene flow only to a limited extent, suggesting that ridges of this physiographic system will not provide substantial long-term natural barriers to rabies virus trafficking. These results may be of value for future ORV efforts in Pennsylvania and other eastern states with similar landscapes.