Understanding stakeholder participation in post-disaster recovery (case study: Nagapattinam, India)

Stakeholder participation is widely acknowledged as a critical component of post-disaster recovery because it helps create a shared understanding of local hazard risk and vulnerability, improves recovery and mitigation decision efficacy, and builds social capital and local resilience to future disasters. But approaches commonly used to facilitate participation and empower local communities depend on lengthy consensus-building processes which is not conducive to time-constrained post-disaster recovery. Moreover, these approaches are often criticized for being overly technocratic and ignoring existing community power and trust structures. Therefore, there is a need for more nuanced, analytical and applied research on stakeholder participation in planning for post-disaster recovery. This research examines participatory behavior of three stakeholder groups (government agencies, non-local non-government organizations, local community-based organizations) in three coastal village communities of Nagapattinam (India) that were recovering from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The study found eight different forms of participation and non-participation in the case study communities, ranging from 'transformative' participation to 'marginalized' non-participation. These forms of participation and non-participatory behavior emanated from the negotiation of four factors, namely stakeholder power, legitimacy, trust, and urgency for action. The study also found that the time constraints and changing conditions of recovery pose particular challenges for how these factors operated on the ground and over the course of recovery. Finally, the study uses these insights to suggest four strategies for recovery managers to use in the short- and long-term to facilitate more effective stakeholder participation in post-disaster recovery.

Options for poverty reduction through community empowerment towards sustainable fisheries resource production and equity

The current situation is that, by any measure, most fisheries worldwide are fully over exploited. This is also true of the Uganda's fisheries where the effort needed to catch fish has increased, and the average size of fish and of stocks have both declined. A productive fisheries offers many benefits: food for local consumption; raw materials for industry; employment that generates income, which in turn encourages other industrial, commercial and service activities; export markets that can be identified and met to generate hard currency, The national economy also benefits from import substitution and·opportunities for increased taxation. But for fisheries to be productive it is not enough to produce, products must be marketed. Fishers have to learn the lesson that it is no longer enough to expect production to drive the market; success will come from producing what the market demands. It is hoped that co-management can play a big role in harnessing the various energies for sustainable development and management of the fisheries resources.

Structured decision making as a tool for facilitating stakeholder engagement in non-renewable resource management: using the case study of hydraulic fracturing in the Green Point Shale formation in western Newfoundland

This thesis examines the importance of effective stakeholder engagement that complies with the doctrines of social justice in non-renewable resources management decision-making. It uses hydraulic fracturing in the Green Point Shale Formation in Western Newfoundland as a case study. The thesis uses as theoretical background John Rawls’ and David Miller’ theory of social justice, and identifies the social justice principles, which are relevant to stakeholder engagement. The thesis compares the method of stakeholder engagement employed by the Newfoundland and Labrador Hydraulic Fracturing Review Panel (NLHFRP), with the stakeholder engagement techniques recommended by the Structured Decision Making (SDM) model, as applied to a simulated case study involving hydraulic fracturing in the Green Point Shale Formation. Using the already identified social justice principles, the thesis then developed a framework to measure the level of compliance of both stakeholder engagement techniques with social justice principles. The main finding of the thesis is that the engagement techniques prescribed by the SDM model comply more closely with the doctrines of social justice than the engagement techniques applied by the NLHFRP. The thesis concludes by recommending that the SDM model be more widely used in non- renewable resource management decision making in order to ensure that all stakeholders’ concerns are effectively heard, understood and transparently incorporated in the nonrenewable resource policies to make them consistent with local priorities and goals, and with the social justice norms and institutions.

Assessment of institutional contexts for collective action, and stakeholder receptiveness to integrated research-extension approaches on Lac Ntomba, Lac Maï-Ndombe and the Maringa-Lopori-Wamba watersheds

The WorldFish Center has been collaborating with its partners (AWF and WWF) in the Maringa-Lopori-Wamba (MLW) and the Lac Tele-Lac Ntomba (LTL) Landscapes to develop participatory monitoring systems for aquatic ecosystems. This requires rigorous data collection regarding fishing effort and catch, and the establishment of community partnerships; enabling WorldFish Center researchers to understand and counteract the institutional legacies of previous NGO interventions. In the MLW, fisherfolk livelihoods are severely limited due to their extreme isolation from markets and government services. However, fisherfolk have some experience dealing with natural resource conservation or extraction entities as well as humanitarian agencies. Their history has left them slightly skeptical but reasonably willing to collaborate with incoming NGOs. Around Lac Ntomba, fisherfolk have had more extensive interactions with conservation and humanitarian NGOs, but despite their proximity to the Congo River, they appear to have very limited access to distant markets. As past benefits from NGO activities have been captured by local village elites many fishers are highly skeptical and even antagonistic toward NGOs in general, and see little benefits from collaborating with each other or NGOs. Similarly to the MLW and Lac Ntomba, Lac Maï-Ndombe fisherfolk were disillusioned by past NGO activities. However, in this area levels of fish catch are greater than in the other watersheds, and many fishers make regular trips to major markets in Kinshasa, Kikwit and Tchikapa. Consequently, while there are significant divisions to be addressed in Lac Maï-Ndombe, fisherfolk in general are more interested in exploring options for improving livelihoods. In order to overcome these hurdles, the WorldFish Center has introduced an integrated research-extension approach in its interactions with these communities. The teams conducted demonstrations of technological innovations that could significantly improve on present post-harvest fish processing practices, in particular: a solar fish drying tent and a fish smoking barrel.

Prosthetic Architecture: Enabling Connection, Movement, and Empowerment

This thesis explores the relationship between body and architecture through a metaphorical and literal analysis of prosthetic devices. The thesis questions how the relationship between prosthetics and architecture can inform the design of a building that enables connection, movement and empowerment for its occupants. Driving questions of investigation include: How can a building enable growth, healing and wellbeing? , How can a building embody and reflect human growth and transformation? , and, How can a building enable equivalence between its users? The program of an inpatient prosthetic rehabilitation facility allows for the exploration of these questions and a study for how we can create spaces that influence rehabilitation and growth. Through body and prosthetics analysis the thesis explores what spaces are best for one to grow and develop in and study how concepts, such as connection, movement and empowerment can enable one and enhance one’s quality of life.

Women empowerment and the current use of long acting and permanent contraceptive: Evidence from 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey

Background Both contraceptive use and fertility rates are high fertility in Malawi. Status of women remains low and is believed to affect reproductive health decisions including use of Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptives Method (LAPCM). Objective This study seeks to examine the relationship between women empowerment and LAPCM. A measure of women’s empowerment is derived from the women’s responses to questions on the number of household decisions in which the respondent participates, employment status, type of earnings, women’s control over cash earnings and level of education. Methods The study is based on a sub sample of 5,948 married women from the 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression models (α=5%). Results The prevalence of current use of LAPCM was 20.0% and increases with increasing empowerment level (p<0.001). Mean age and empowerment score of women who are currently using LAPCM were 38.53±6.2 years and 6.80±2.9 respectively. Urban women (22.2%) were more currently using LAPCM than rural women (19.4%) p<0.001. Women who belong to Seven Day Adventists/Baptist were 1.51(C.I=1.058-2.153; p=0.023) more likely and Muslims were 0.58(C.I=0.410-0.809; p=0.001) less likely to currently use LAPCM than Catholic women. Being in the richest wealth quintile (OR=1.91; C.I=1.362-2.665; p<0.001) promotes current use of LAPCM than poorest. The likelihood of currently using LAPCM was higher among women who have access to FP programmes on media and increases consistently with increasing women empowerment level even when other potential confounding variables were used as control. Conclusion In Malawi, LAPCM is still underutilized and more than half of the women are not adequately empowered. Women empowerment, wealth quintile and access to FP programmes are key factors influencing the use of LAPCM. Programmes that address these determinants are urgently needed in Malawi.

Apoyo social y empowerment en la satisfacción laboral y vital de los trabajadores sociales

Este trabajo trata de estudiar el rol que el apoyo social y el empowerment tienen como recursos psicosociales frente al burnout y el engagement en trabajadores sociales. Pretendemos analizar cómo el apoyo social y el empowerment ejercen una influencia positiva en el bienestar de este colectivo. La aparición del burnout puede condicionar los niveles de satisfacción laboral y vital en los trabajadores sociales. Para hacerle frente, es necesario que el profesional conozca y refuerce sus recursos psicosociales. Este estudio parte de la premisa de que los profesionales que trabajen en una cultura organizacional en la que cuenten con suficiente apoyo y empowerment, sufrirán menos burnout y se sentirán más vinculados psicológicamente a su trabajo (engagement), lo que incidirá positivamente en su satisfacción laboral y vital. El documento se estructura en ocho capítulos agrupados en dos títulos. El Título I corresponde al marco teórico que fundamenta la investigación y está compuesto por seis capítulos, cada uno de los cuales contiene el análisis de las variables de estudio. Se realiza un recorrido teórico por el burnout, apoyo social, satisfacción laboral, satisfacción con la vida, empowerment y engagement. El Título II se compone de dos partes: el capítulo siete, dedicado al planteamiento de la investigación, donde se enuncian los objetivos a alcanzar y la metodología empleada, así como los resultados obtenidos, para lo cual realizaremos distintos niveles de análisis que nos permitan conocer, por un lado, la caracterización del colectivo profesional y, por otro, las relaciones que se observan entre las distintas variables. Para finalizar, el capítulo ocho contendrá el análisis de los resultados encontrados y se expondrán las conclusiones principales. Los resultados confirman las hipótesis planteadas: el apoyo social y el empowerment presentan una relación directa positiva con el engagement, de manera que lo potencian, y negativa con el burnout, contribuyendo a su reducción. Asimismo, muestran una influencia indirecta positiva sobre la satisfacción laboral y vital, a través de su papel amortiguador de los efectos del burnout y exaltador de los del engagement sobre ambas variables.

Cursos de educação formação: absentismo e empowerment

Dissertação de mest. em Observação e Análise da Relação Educativa, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2004

Viagem na aquisição de competências de um saber especializado - intervenção do enfermeiro especialista no empowerment da grávida: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Retratar a caminhada ao longo do estágio de natureza profissional “gravidez, trabalho de parto e pós-parto” de forma crítica e fundamentada, é o pressuposto basilar do relatório de estágio do 2º Ciclo de Estudos conducente ao grau de mestre em enfermagem de saúde materna e obstétrica. O pensamento crítico – reflexivo é o elemento chave para o progresso e aperfeiçoamento profissional da enfermagem, sendo utilizado para transmitir todo o processo de desenvolvimento ao longo desta experiência formativa. Neste contexto, as competências específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica, criadas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros, foram analisadas e verificadas recorrendo à prática baseada em evidências, ao mesmo tempo que foram contextualizados e mobilizados os conhecimentos adquiridos. Na área da saúde, o acompanhamento atualizado dos resultados de pesquisa, tornou-se uma prática inadiável, visto que é fundamental a adoção de medidas que minimizem as discrepâncias entre os avanços científicos e a prática assistencial. A prática baseada em evidências é a utilização da melhor evidência científica e contribui na tomada de decisão clínica, neste cenário emerge o método da revisão integrativa da literatura que tem a finalidade de reunir e sintetizar os resultados de pesquisas, de maneira sistemática e ordenada, contribuindo para o aprofundamento do conhecimento do tema investigado. Neste trabalho investigamos se os Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica promovem estratégias de empowerment na preparação para o parto. Esta problemática surgiu da necessidade de compreender a importância do empowerment, e, se trabalhado nas aulas de preparação para o parto, em que medida poderia alterar os resultados, perceções/vivências da mulher durante o trabalho de parto e parto. VI Os dados encontrados, ainda que não estejam bem explorados, confirmam a relevância do conceito de empowerment no contexto da obstetrícia, fazem-nos refletir sobre a diversidade de práticas assistenciais, nos métodos de preparação para o parto e na necessidade de uma uniformização dos cuidados. Apostar na investigação do empowerment surge como essencial para expandir o conhecimento sobre a atuação do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Materna e Obstétrica e ganhos em saúde consequentes.

Leading change in higher education. The role of transformational and stakeholder management

Summary…iii Samenvatting . iv Resumen . vii Acknowledgments ix Table of Contents. xi List of tables xiii List of figures . xiii CHAPTER I General Introduction 2 CHAPTER II Transformational leadership and stakeholder management in library change . 47 CHAPTER III Successful change: the role of transformational leadership and stakeholder management in universities ... 73 CHAPTER IV Transformational leadership and stakeholder management: A multiple case study in Latin American universities . 111 CHAPTER V General Discussion 149 APPENDIX . 169 REFERENCES . 179

EVALUATING THE OIL SANDS RECLAMATION PROCESS: ASSESSING POLICY CAPACITY AND STAKEHOLDER ACCESS FOR GOVERNMENT AND NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING IN ALBERTA’S OIL SANDS

By employing interpretive policy analysis this thesis aims to assess, measure, and explain policy capacity for government and non-government organizations involved in reclaiming Alberta's oil sands. Using this type of analysis to assess policy capacity is a novel approach for understanding reclamation policy; and therefore, this research will provide a unique contribution to the literature surrounding reclamation policy. The oil sands region in northeast Alberta, Canada is an area of interest for a few reasons; primarily because of the vast reserves of bitumen and the environmental cost associated with developing this resource. An increase in global oil demand has established incentive for industry to seek out and develop new reserves. Alberta's oil sands are one of the largest remaining reserves in the world, and there is significant interest in increasing production in this region. Furthermore, tensions in several oil exporting nations in the Middle East remain unresolved, and this has garnered additional support for a supply side solution to North American oil demands. This solution relies upon the development of reserves in both the United States and Canada. These compounding factors have contributed to the increased development in the oil sands of northeastern Alberta. Essentially, a rapid expansion of oil sands operations is ongoing, and is the source of significant disturbance across the region. This disturbance, and the promises of reclamation, is a source of contentious debates amongst stakeholders and continues to be highly visible in the media. If oil sands operations are to retain their social license to operate, it is critical that reclamation efforts be effective. One concern non-governmental organizations (NGOs) expressed criticizes the current monitoring and enforcement of regulatory programs in the oil sands. Alberta's NGOs have suggested the data made available to them originates from industrial sources, and is generally unchecked by government. In an effort to discern the overall status of reclamation in the oil sands this study explores several factors essential to policy capacity: work environment, training, employee attitudes, perceived capacity, policy tools, evidence based work, and networking. Data was collected through key informant interviews with senior policy professionals in government and non-government agencies in Alberta. The following are agencies of interest in this research: Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (CAPP); Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development (AESRD); Alberta Energy Regulator (AER); Cumulative Environmental Management Association (CEMA); Alberta Environment Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting Agency (AEMERA); Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA). The aim of this research is to explain how and why reclamation policy is conducted in Alberta's oil sands. This will illuminate government capacity, NGO capacity, and the interaction of these two agency typologies. In addition to answering research questions, another goal of this project is to show interpretive analysis of policy capacity can be used to measure and predict policy effectiveness. The oil sands of Alberta will be the focus of this project, however, future projects could focus on any government policy scenario utilizing evidence-based approaches.

Significados de empowerment psicológico na experiência de doença oncológica: Reiki como técnica promotora: Um estudo exploratório

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia especialidade de Psicologia Comunitária.

Perceção do empowerment dos enfermeiros numa organização de saúde

Introduction: O conceito de Empowerment na Enfermagem tem sido utilizado e analisado na literatura académica, conceito digno de exploração e interesse para os enfermeiros, chefes e gestores das organizações de saúde. A perceção dos Enfermeiros acerca do Empowerment é determinante nos resultados organizacionais, no aumento da autonomia profissional, no ganho do poder individual e coletivo e nos cuidados ao utente. Objetivos: Avaliar a perceção dos Enfermeiros acerca do Empowerment (Psicológico e Estrutural), identificar os fatores que influenciam essa perceção e analisar e refletir sobre as consequências dessa perceção. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, numa amostra de 269 enfermeiros predominantemente o sexo feminino (76,6%), faixa etária entre os 21 e os 59 anos, cuja média das idades se situa nos 40,36 anos, 68,8% dos participantes licenciados, em exercício de funções num hospital da região da Beira Alta, Portugal. Resultados: Nos enfermeiros, a perceção de Empowerment Psicológico está relacionado com a perceção de empowerment Estrutural. Os enfermeiros com mais idade e maior tempo de exercício profissional revelaram maior competência e menor oportunidade. Os enfermeiros com maior tempo no atual serviço, apresentam maior competência, mas menor oportunidade, informação, suporte e globalmente, Empowerment Estrutural. Na categoria profissional há diferenças na informação, recursos e poder informal dos Enfermeiros Especialistas. Conclusão: Os Enfermeiros revelaram bons níveis de Empowerment Psicológico e baixos níveis de Empowerment Estrutural.

The complexity in the implementation process of empowerment-based chronic kidney care: a case study

Background: This study is part of an interactive improvement intervention aimed to facilitate empowerment-based chronic kidney care using data from persons with CKD and their family members. There are many challenges to implementing empowerment-based care, and it is therefore necessary to study the implementation process. The aim of this study was to generate knowledge regarding the implementation process of an improvement intervention of empowerment for those who require chronic kidney care. Methods: A prospective single qualitative case study was chosen to follow the process of the implementation over a two year period. Twelve health care professionals were selected based on their various role(s) in the implementation of the improvement intervention. Data collection comprised of digitally recorded project group meetings, field notes of the meetings, and individual interviews before and after the improvement project. These multiple data were analyzed using qualitative latent content analysis. Results: Two facilitator themes emerged: Moving spirit and Encouragement. The healthcare professionals described a willingness to individualize care and to increase their professional development in the field of chronic kidney care. The implementation process was strongly reinforced by both the researchers working interactively with the staff, and the project group. One theme emerged as a barrier: the Limitations of the organization. Changes in the organization hindered the implementation of the intervention throughout the study period, and the lack of interplay in the organization most impeded the process. Conclusions: The findings indicated the complexity of maintaining a sustainable and lasting implementation over a period of two years. Implementing empowerment-based care was found to be facilitated by the cooperation between all involved healthcare professionals. Furthermore, long-term improvement interventions need strong encouragement from all levels of the organization to maintain engagement, even when it is initiated by the health care professionals themselves.

A stakeholder perspective on heritage branding and digital communication

How does an archaeological museum understand its function in a digital environment? Consumer expectations are rapidly shifting, from what used to be a passive relationship with exhibition contents, towards a different one, in which interaction, individuality and proactivity define the visitor experience. This consumer paradigm is much studied in fast moving markets, where it provokes immediately measurable impacts. In other fields, such as tourism and regional development, the very heterogeneous nature of the product to be branded makes it near to impossible for only one player to engage successfully. This systemic feature implies that museums, acting as major stakeholders, often anchor a regional brand around which SME tend to cluster, and thus assume responsibilities in constructing marketable identities. As such, the archaeological element becomes a very useful trademark. On the other hand, it also emerges erratically on the Internet, in personal blogs, commercial websites, and social networks. This forces museums to enter as a mediator, authenticating contents and providing credibility. What might be called the digital pull factor poses specific challenges to museum management: what is to be promoted, and how, in order to create and maintain a coherent presence in social media? The underlying issue this paper tries to address is how museums perceive their current and future role in digital communication.