Zur Psychodynamik der Akquisition in Supervision und Organisationsentwicklung

"Wie akquiriere ich erfolgreich?" Diese Frage stellt sich denen, die in der Beratung tätig sind, nicht nur am Beginn ihrer Berufslaufbahn im Anschluss an ihre Ausbildungskontexte, sondern sie beschäftigt auch erfahrene Kollegen immer wieder. Die Problematik der Akquisition trifft auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen sowohl die Persönlichkeit als auch das Berufs- und Rollenverständnis von Beratern und Supervisorinnen. Akquisition impliziert das "Verkaufen" der eigenen Leistung und berührt damit die häufig tabuisierten Themen: Geld und Markt, Ethik und (Selbst-)Wert, Konkurrenz und Status.

Horizontal nutrient fluxes and production efficiencies in urban and peri-urban crop and livestock husbandry of Niamey, Niger

Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) increasingly supplies food and non-food values to the rapidly growing West African cities. However, little is known about the resource use efficiencies in West African small-scale UPA crop and livestock production systems, and about the benefits that urban producers and retailers obtain from the cultivation and sale of UPA products. To contribute to filling this gap of knowledge, the studies comprising this doctoral thesis determined nutrient use efficiencies in representative urban crop and livestock production system in Niamey, Niger, and investigated potential health risks for consumers. Also assessed was the economic efficiency of urban farming activities. The field study, which was conducted during November 2005 to January 2008, quantified management-related horizontal nutrient flows in 10 vegetable gardens, 9 millet fields and 13 cattle and small ruminant production units. These farms, selected on the basis of a preceding study, represented the diversity of UPA crop and livestock production systems in Niamey. Based on the management intensity, the market orientation and especially the nutrient input to individual gardens and fields, these were categorized as high or low input systems. In the livestock study, high and low input cattle and small ruminant units were differentiated based on the amounts of total feed dry matter offered daily to the animals at the homestead. Additionally, economic returns to gardeners and market retailers cultivating and selling amaranth, lettuce, cabbage and tomato - four highly appreciated vegetables in Niamey were determined during a 6-months survey in forty gardens and five markets. For vegetable gardens and millet fields, significant differences in partial horizontal nutrient balances were determined for both management intensities. Per hectare, average annual partial balances for carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) amounted to 9936 kg C, 1133 kg N, 223 kg P and 312 kg K in high input vegetable gardens as opposed to 9580 kg C, 290 kg N, 125 kg P and 351 kg K in low input gardens. These surpluses were mainly explained by heavy use of mineral fertilizers and animal manure to which irrigation with nutrient rich wastewater added. In high input millet fields, annual surpluses of 259 kg C ha-1, 126 kg N ha-1, 20 kg P ha-1 and 0.4 kg K ha-1 were determined. Surpluses of 12 kg C ha-1, 17 kg N ha-1, and deficits of -3 kg P ha-1 and -3 kg K ha-1 were determined for low input millet fields. Here, carbon and nutrient inputs predominantly originated from livestock manure application through corralling of sheep, goats and cattle. In the livestock enterprises, N, P and K supplied by forages offered at the farm exceeded the animals’ requirements for maintenance and growth in high and low input sheep/goat as well as cattle units. The highest average growth rate determined in high input sheep/goat units was 104 g d-1 during the cool dry season, while a maximum average gain of 70 g d-1 was determined for low input sheep/goat units during the hot dry season. In low as well as in high input cattle units, animals lost weight during the hot dry season, and gained weight during the cool dry season. In all livestock units, conversion efficiencies for feeds offered at the homestead were rather poor, ranging from 13 to 42 kg dry matter (DM) per kg live weight gain (LWG) in cattle and from 16 to 43 kg DM kg-1 LWG in sheep/goats, pointing to a substantial waste of feeds and nutrients. The economic assessment of the production of four high value vegetables pointed to a low efficiency of N and P use in amaranth and lettuce production, causing low economic returns for these crops compared to tomato and cabbage to which inexpensive animal manure was applied. The net profit of market retailers depended on the type of vegetable marketed. In addition it depended on marketplace for amaranth and lettuce, and on season and marketplace for cabbage and tomato. Analysis of faecal pathogens in lettuce irrigated with river water and fertilized with animal manure indicated a substantial contamination by Salmonella spp. with 7.2 x 104 colony forming units (CFU) per 25 g of produce fresh matter, while counts of Escherichia coli averaged 3.9 x 104 CFU g-1. In lettuce irrigated with wastewater, Salmonella counts averaged 9.8 x 104 CFU 25 g-1 and E. coli counts were 0.6 x 104 CFU g-1; these values exceeded the tolerable contamination levels in vegetables of 10 CFU g-1 for E. coli and of 0 CFU 25 g-1 for Salmonella. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that Niamey’s UPA enterprises put environmental safety at risk since excess inputs of N, P and K to crop and livestock production units favour N volatilisation and groundwater pollution by nutrient leaching. However, more detailed studies are needed to corroborate these indications. Farmers’ revenues could be significantly increased if nutrient use efficiency in the different production (sub)systems was improved by better matching nutrient supply through fertilizers and feeds with the actual nutrient demands of plants and animals.

Assessment of the strategies of organic fruit production and fruit drying in Uganda

Organic agriculture in Uganda is developing at a fast pace and despite this trend Uganda is still unable to produce enough fresh and dry organic fruits mainly pineapple to meet the exporters demand. This current research investigated the strategies of farmers at production level by assessing the pros and cons of fruit growing, organic agriculture and fruit drying in order to understand the underlying causal factor for the low production of organic dry fruits in a major fruit producing district of Uganda. The study was carried out in two separate and distinctive areas; one which only produces and export fresh organic pineapple and the other which exports dried fruits (mainly pineapple and papaya). About 10% of the farmers in the two study areas were surveyed using questionnaires which were further followed by semi-structured interviews and participatory rural appraisals activities with various types of farmers in order to understand the different decisions and strategies of farmers. 82% and 74% of farmers in the two study areas grew fruits as it gave better economic returns and for 77% and 90% respectively in the two study areas, the reasons for growing fruit was the ease of selling compared to other crops. All the farmers were relying on coffee husk for growing organic pineapples. However, 50% of the farmers want to grow pineapples (either organic or conventional) but couldn't afford to buy coffee husk. Fruit drying was mainly a strategy to utilize cheap fruits during harvesting seasons for value addition. 71% and 42% of farmers in the two study areas wanted to dry fruits but it was beyond their economic capacity to buy the driers. Decision of the farmers whether to grow fruits or cereals, organic or conventional agriculture and selling the fruits as fresh or dry were dependent mainly on the economic, knowledge and resource availability of each type of practices. It is concluded that the main barrier for an increase in the production of organic dried fruits is at the processing level, and the limited capacity for investments in drying facilities.

A Study of a Comprehensive Career Services System in Chinese Universities

Since 1999, with the adoption of expansion policy in higher education by the Chinese government, enrollment and graduate numbers have been increasing at an unprecedented speed. Accustomed to a system in which university graduates were placed, many students are not trained in “selling themselves”, which exacerbates the situation leading to a skyrocketing unemployment rate among new graduates. The idea of emphasizing career services comes with increasing employment pressure among university graduates in recent years. The 1998 “Higher Education Act” made it a legislative requirement. Thereafter, the Ministry of Education issued a series of documents in order to promote the development of career services. All higher education institutions are required to set up special career service centers and to set a ratio of 1:500 between career staff and the total number of students. Related career management courses, especially career planning classes, are required to be clearly included as specific modules into the teaching plan with a requirement of no less than 38 sessions in one semester at all universities. Developing career services in higher education has thus become a hot issue. One of the more notable trends in higher education in recent years has been the transformation of university career service centers from merely being the coordinators of on-campus placement into full service centers for international career development. The traditional core of career services in higher education had been built around guidance, information and placements (Watts, 1997). This core was still in place, but the role of higher education career services has changed considerably in recent years and the nature of each part is being transformed (Watts, 1997). Most services are undertaking a range of additional activities, and the career guidance issue is emphasized much more than before. Career management courses, especially career planning classes, are given special focus in developing career services in the Chinese case. This links career services clearly and directly with the course provision function. In China, most career service centers are engaging in the transformation period from a “management-oriented” organization to a “service-oriented” organization. Besides guidance services, information services and placement activities, there is a need to blend them together with the new additional teaching function, which follows the general trend as regulated by the government. The role of career services has been expanding and this has brought more challenges to its development in Chinese higher education. Chinese universities still remain in the period of exploration and establishment in developing their own career services. In the face of the new situation, it is very important and meaningful to explore and establish a comprehensive career services system to address student needs in the universities. A key part in developing this system is the introduction of career courses and delivering related career management skills to the students. So there is the need to restructure the career service sectors within the Chinese universities in general. The career service centers will operate as a hub and function as a spoke in the wheel of this model system, providing support and information to staff located in individual teaching departments who are responsible for the delivery of career education, information, advice and guidance. The career service centers will also provide training and career planning classes. The purpose of establishing a comprehensive career services system is to provide a strong base for student career development. The students can prepare themselves well in psychology, ideology and ability before employment with the assistance of effective career services. To conclude, according to the different characteristics and needs of students, there will be appropriate services and guidance in different stages and different ways. In other words, related career services and career guidance activities would be started for newly enrolled freshmen and continue throughout their whole university process. For the operation of a comprehensive services system, there is a need for strong support by the government in the form of macro-control and policy guarantee, but support by the government in the form of macro-control and policy guarantee, but also a need for close cooperation with the academic administration and faculties to be actively involved in career planning and employment programs. As an integral function within the universities, career services must develop and maintain productive relationships with relevant campus offices and key stakeholders both within the universities and externally.

Smallholder pig production systems along a periurban-rural gradient in the Western provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), pigs are raised almost exclusively by smallholders either in periurban areas of major cities such as Kinshasa or in rural villages. Unfortunately, little information is available regarding pig production in the Western part of the DRC, wherefore a survey was carried out to characterize and compare 319 pig production systems in their management and feeding strategies, along a periurban - rural gradient inWestern provinces of the DRC. Pig breeding was the main source of income (43%) and half of respondents were active in mixed pig and crop production, mainly vegetable garden. Depending on the location, smallholders owned on average 18 pigs, including four sows. Piglet mortality rate varied from 9.5 to 21.8% while average weaned age ranged between 2.2 and 2.8 months. The major causes of mortality reported by the farmers were African swine fever 98 %, swine erysipelas (60 %), erysipelas trypanosomiasis (31 %), swine worm infection (17 %), and diarrhoea (12 %). The majority of the pigs were reared in pens without free roaming and fed essentially with locally available by-products and forage plants whose nature varied according with the location of the farm. The pig production systems depended on the local environment; particularly in terms of workforces, herd structure and characteristics, production parameters, pig building materials, selling price and in feed resources. It can be concluded that an improvement of Congolese pig production systems should consider (1) a reduction of inbreeding, (2) an improvement in biosafety to reduce the incidence of African swine fever and the spread of other diseases, and (3) an improvement in feeding practices.

Plan de Exportación Carnexport

La empresa Carnexport en busca de llegar a nuevos mercados con producto de mayor valor agregado, participó del programa del CIDEM, Maloka y Alcaldía Mayor de Bogota para realizar su plan exportador. Con el apoyo del equipo directivo de la empresa el proceso de consultaría da como resultado la exportación de sus productos a tres mercados posibles, para cada uno de ellos se realizó un estudio de mercados y elaboración de estrategias para la introducción de los mismos, soportado en dos estudios de costos y logísticos que permitieron definir el precio de venta y costos promedios de transporte para determinar si el precio de venta del producto es competitivo y logre la utilidad esperada por la empresa. También se realizó un presupuesto para poder dar inicio al plan exportador que está estructurado por mercados para conocer la inversión inicial y la manera para apalancar financieramente la propuesta

Generación de un modelo de gestión al sector papero de Cundinamarca

La papa juega un rol significativo en el sistema global de alimentación. Es una fuente importante de empleo e ingresos en las áreas rurales. En Colombia, es la principal actividad agrícola de las zonas andinas desarrollada por cerca de 90.000 familias. Se caracteriza por el uso intensivo de fertilizantes y plaguicidas, alta demanda de mano de obra rural no calificada, y por ser un cultivo disperso, aislado, de pequeños productores con limitado acceso a la tecnología. En el modelo de gestión para el sector papero en Cundinamarca se dividió en dos procesos principales de los cuales se desprenden en preparación de la tierra, negociación y adquisición de la semilla, cultivación de la semilla, inspección y control del cultivo, cosecha, almacenamiento, transporte, venta a intermediarios y finalmente colocación del producto en los canales de distribución.

Aprovechamiento de canales alternativos de venta : PREPYS

PREPYS es un plan de empresa cuyo objetivo es el aprovechamiento de los dispensadores receptores de monedas como canal alternativo de venta. El presente documento estructura variables a tener en cuenta en la creación de una organización, cubriendo cada uno de sus áreas y estrategias.

It will be succesful to have a commercial relation between France and Colombia focus on the milk sector ?

Globalization has led to a drastic change on the international trade, this has caused that many countries such as France and Colombia find new business partners. This is the raison because I develop the investigation about How these countries can be integrated commercially in the dairy sector? Colombia and France had active trade relations for more than 8 years, but this has been declining for several factors. In the case of France, it has found that Germany is an excellent producer of raw milk, which can supply domestic demand and can export large quantities with a low price to European countries because of its proximity. For this reason, Colombia is a country that can not compete with Germany directly in raw milk, but I concluded that Colombia could become a major competitor with organic milk. This is the result of a research of the way they raise and feed the cows in the two countries, Colombia is generally on open country and Germany is on cow housing. In Colombia, the country found that Venezuela could offer many benefits in the processing of raw milk, and other processes that require high technology. But today Colombia has had several disputes with Venezuela and many Colombian companies are affected in this sector. Additionally, France is one of the largest producers and distributors of processed milk and its derivatives; it launches annually many manufactured products with high technology. At this point, Colombia can take out the best advantage because it can create an strategic alliance with French companies to bring most innovative and processed products such as cheese and yoghurts. The theoretical framework of this thesis consists on the analysis of competitiveness, because it is relevant to see if these two countries are competitive or if one has the comparative advantage over the other. The related authors are: Michael Porter, Adam Smith and David Ricardo. To complete the theoretical part, we found that France has a comparative advantage over Colombia in this sector thanks to its high technology, and Colombia is not currently competitive in the area of raw milk because the milk price is higher and the distance is a barrier, and it has no technology. But this research indicates that Colombia could become a competitive country selling organic milk.

How ikea should enter in the colombian market

IKEA es una de las empresas más grandes en el mundo que produce y comercializa productos para el hogar, sin embargo, todavía no tiene una filial en Colombia. Por esta razón, este trabajo de investigación se dedicará a evaluar no solo los factores generales que influenciarán la apertura de una tienda IKEA en Colombia, sino también los factores internos.

Plan de negocios construcción de edificio para uso habitacional en la ciudad de Bogotá

Con este trabajo, se pretende elaborar una evaluación a nivel de prefactibilidad administrativa, técnica y financiera de la construcción de un edificio, partiendo del modelo de compra de vivienda existente, su posterior demolición y construcción del proyecto. Para llevar a cabo la evaluación a nivel de prefactibilidad, se tienen en cuenta los objetivos: •Estructurar y evaluar la propuesta técnica, financiera y administrativa a nivel de prefactibilidad. •Determinar el tamaño adecuado del proyecto de acuerdo a los planes zonales y de ordenamiento territorial de la ciudad. •Identificación de las posibles formas de financiación del proyecto. •Identificación de los futuros compradores del producto final, diagnostico y perspectivas del sector. •Evaluar la mejor estrategia de mercadeo y venta del producto final, ya sea de forma directa o con un intermediario especializado.

Plan estratégico Imagining Ltda. 2010-2015

IMAGINING LTDA, es una empresa de publicidad, que decide aventurarse en un plan de reestructuración antes de ver el cierre como una posible opción. En ese sentido se empieza un total plan donde prácticamente se desarma lo poco que había en la empresa y se empieza de cero. El principal resultado es que se logra desarrollar un modelo de negocio planteado como “Agencia de Publicidad Express”, que logra integrar una serie de componentes estratégicos, que separados son diferenciales muy débiles, pero juntos se integran y se convierten en un gran diferencial estratégico generador de ventaja competitiva. Haciendo un estudio profundo, de la industria, el sector y la demanda, se puede ver que es un campo muy competido y hacinado sobretodo, sin embargo existen algunas necesidades en canal y cliente muy fuertes, que permiten desarrollar un modelo diferente en publicidad, que es en lo que IMAGINING, decide enfocarse para ser diferente y atacar exclusivamente como agencia a las empresas denominadas como “PYME”. Todo esto resulta enfocándose en un sistema organizacional que permite una eficiencia y una concentración de decisiones que le permite a la empresa ir consolidándose con la rapidez que el cliente necesita y que solo IMAGINING puede ofrecer. El enfoque de mercado, por supuesto gira en base a las 4 P’s del mercadeo, que diferencian un producto que se hace a través de los estándares de calidad y la forma como se va a promocionar y vender ante las personas, con una política de precios lo suficientemente competitiva y accesible para el mercado que se aspira conquistar. De ahí se deriva un concepto de vender publicidad fácil y objetivamente sin que haya diferencias de uno a otro cliente. Financieramente el modelo resulta ser muy atractivo, y vendiendo relativamente poco se pueden recuperar márgenes de inversión muy altos puesto que la utilidad es muy alta en el negocio y más cuando no se sub contratan las cosas sino se quiere hacer todo directamente como lo hace IMAGINING.

Estudio de factibilidad Comercilizadora On-line en Colombia

Internet cambio la forma de hacer negocios, modifico la dinámica del comercio y abrió un gran número de nuevas posibilidades para las empresas con iniciativa de crecimiento. Es indudable que Internet influye cada vez más en las actividades de las personas y de las empresas. Con cerca de 2 mil millones de usuarios en el mundo, y casi 20 millones en Colombia, Internet alcanza directamente a la tercera parte de la población. En este contexto, surge este proyecto de investigación con el objetivo de analizar la factibilidad de comercializar productos por internet y contribuir al desarrollo del comercio electrónico. En primera instancia se realiza un proceso de contextualización en el que se describe el desarrollo del comercio electrónico. En seguida y a manera descriptiva, se expone la situación actual de la comercialización de productos por internet en términos económicos, legales, organizacionales y estadísticos. Finalmente, se evalúa y analiza cada uno de los aspectos del modelo de negocio de comercialización online con el objeto de cumplir con los estándares de calidad del comercio electrónico a nivel internacional para generar de tal manera, la satisfacción de los usuarios que realizan compras por internet y por ende incrementos en la frecuencia de compras, logrando abrir las puertas del comercio electrónico para aprovechar todo su potencial y habilitar nuevos canales para vender productos y servicios a usuarios cada vez más sofisticados. Finalmente se realiza un estudio financiero en el que se evalúa la viabilidad del negocio en el ámbito financiero , realizando unas proyecciones a 10 años del flujo de caja con sus respectivos indicadores financieros que me ayuda a medir que tan factible y beneficiosa es el modelo de negocio.

De aquí a mañana: expectativas a futuro en jóvenes de la Comuna IV de Soacha

Los jóvenes que afrontan un aislamiento social tienen expectativas de movilidad social como cualquier otro sector o clase social, basadas en la educación como vehículo principal para salir de la pobreza. Pese a ello, la valoración de la educación se produce en un nivel discursivo, ya que factores como la violencia barrial, el embarazo adolescente y la necesidad de generar ingresos, entre otros, compiten y a menudo ganan a las expectativas educativas de esos jóvenes.

Neuromarketing: qué sabe de ti, que los demás no

En este documento se describe la forma en la que el neuromarketing hace que la segmentación de género, sea una herramienta funcional para poder conocer al cliente y sus deseos. Se explorará el mercadeo desde sus inicios, mostrando cómo evoluciona hasta enfocarse en el cliente como su principal objetivo. Al llegar a este punto el mercadeo se encuentra con un nuevo aliado, la neurociencia, la cual le muestra que por medio de diversas técnicas tiene la capacidad de medir las reacciones de su consumidor, a los distintos estímulos que le envía para cautivarlo. En este proceso se dan a conocer las tecnologías más usadas por el neuromarketing para este fin; además se expondrá parte de la anatomía del consumidor con la que interactúa el mercadeo: sus sentidos y su cerebro. Posteriormente se explica cómo a través del entendimiento de las percepciones y comportamiento del cliente, puede beneficiarse el mercadeo en sus propósitos y su vez, satisfacer al mercado en lo que realmente quiere.