Challenges in Earth sciences: the 21st century

The 21st century poses many challenges for global sustainability. Among them, most importantly, the human race will encounter scarcity of raw materials and conventional energy resources. And, India may have to take the brunt of these problems as it is going to be the most populated region of the world with concomitant increase in energy demand and requirement of other resources. India will be the testing ground for introducing newer ways of green technology and innovative principles of resource management and utilization. With the vagaries of potential climate change gathering clouds in the background, Earth sciences will have a special and predominant role in guiding the society in prioritizing our resource discovery, utilization and their consumption and the upkeep of environment. On the fundamental level, Earth sciences are going through a most exciting phase of development as a born-again science. Technological breakthroughs including the satellite-based observations augur well for gaining new insights into Earth processes. A set of exciting fundamental problems that are globally identified will set the stage for an exhilarating period of new discoveries. Improvements in numerical and computer-based techniques will assist in modelling of Earth processes to unprecedented levels. India will have to take special effort in improving the existing experimentation facilities in the Earth science departments of the country, and also the general level of Earth science education to meet the global standards. This article presents an Earth science vision for the 21st century in an Indian context.

Interdisciplinary experience in the Teacher Training College of Vitoria-Gasteiz: teaching profession module

[EN] The higher education regulation process in Europe, known as the Bologna Process, has involved many changes, mainly in relation to methodology and assessment. The paper given below relates to implementing the new EU study plans into the Teacher Training College of Vitoria-Gasteiz; it is the first interdisciplinary paper written involving teaching staff and related to the Teaching Profession module, the first contained in the structure of the new plans. The coordination of teaching staff is one of the main lines of work in the Bologna Process, which is also essential to develop the right skills and maximise the role of students as an active learning component. The use of active, interdisciplinary methodologies has opened up a new dimension in universities, requiring the elimination of the once componential, individual structure, making us look for new areas of exchange that make it possible for students' training to be developed jointly.

A formação científica brasileira e o PISA 2006

Este trabalho investigou a formação científica brasileira a partir dos dados do PISA 2006. O PISA - Programa Internacional de Avaliação dos Estudantes - é um programa internacional de avaliação comparada, aplicado a uma amostra de estudantes de 15 anos de idade. O ensino adequado de ciências estimula o raciocínio lógico e a curiosidade, ajuda a formar cidadãos mais aptos a enfrentar os desafios da sociedade contemporânea e fortalece a democracia, dando à população, em geral, melhores condições para participar dos debates cada vez mais comuns sobre temas científicos que afetam nosso cotidiano. Partindo da importância e pertinência de se discutir a formação científica brasileira e fazendo uso dos dados do PISA 2006, buscou-se responder a três questões: (a) qual a percepção dos alunos brasileiros que participaram do PISA 2006 sobre Ciências? (b) como o Brasil se situa no contexto internacional no que se refere às competências científicas priorizadas por esta avaliação? (c) que características dos estudantes estão associadas aos seus resultados no teste de Ciências aplicado pelo PISA 2006? Para a realização do estudo, conduzimos nossas análises baseando-nos em duas lógicas principais: descrição (estatística univariada e bivariada) e explicação (teste de modelos de regressão linear). Os resultados indicam que os alunos brasileiros tem relativo interesse pela Ciência, no entanto apresentam uma visão bastante estereotipada e demonstram não associá-la a si. Aparentemente, a ciência tem relação com fenômenos que estão muito além da compreensão e configura-se em algo abstrato que não está diretamente ligado aos alunos brasileiros. Estes apontam a escola como principal fonte de aprendizagem de tópicos relacionados a Ciência, porém, a escola parece não converter o potencial interesse dos alunos por Ciências em letramento científico. O Brasil ocupa a 52 posição entre os 57 países participantes e está alocado no nível mais baixo de desempenho do PISA 2006. Entre os principais aspectos que impactam significativamente os resultados dos alunos brasileiros no programa estão a Rede de Ensino, o Atraso Escolar, o Nível Socioeconômico e o Nível de Escolaridade dos Pais.

Perfil das crianças e famílias do Clube dos Descobridores da Casa da Ciência

Esta pesquisa objetivou investigar o perfil das crianças e dos adolescentes que participam do Clube dos Descobridores, um projeto de educação não formal promovido pela Casa da Ciência da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), no campus da Praia Vermelha. O principal objetivo do Clube é o de atender o público infantil e jovem que frequenta a Casa da Ciência, ajudando-os a estabelecer relações entre suas vidas cotidianas e as Ciências, a Arte e as Culturas, por meio de projetos pedagógicos interdisciplinares. A pesquisa fez uso de um questionário e de entrevistas para investigar as características sociodemográficas das crianças/adolescentes, suas motivações para frequentarem o Clube, o papel de suas famílias no estímulo à participação e como eles compreendem a relação entre as aprendizagens adquiridas no Clube e na escola onde estudam. Os resultados alcançados evidenciam que, apesar das condições adversas de suas vidas em relação a aspectos econômicos, sociais e culturais, o capital social (interno e externo) baseado na família e na escola possibilita que as crianças tenham algumas vantagens que permitem seu acesso às práticas culturais no modo cultivado, promovendo aspectos do desenvolvimento global e escolar.

Urban functional structure characteristics and transformation in China

The paper analyzes urban functional structure characteristics of Chinese cities in 1996 using the Nelson method. The manufacturing employment percentage is much higher in metropolitan areas but is decreasing from 1989 to 1996. On the other hand, the weight of science, education, culture, hygiene, finance, insurance and real estate increases. The employment structure changes dramatically. Although the urbanization level of China is lower than that of the USA in 1955, the frequency distribution curve of urban functions is similar. The construction, transportation, commerce, finance, insurance, real estate, science, education, culture, hygiene and administration curves are normal. The mining employment converges on minor cities and the distribution is not normal. The urban function has changed with urban scale. The bigger the cities are, the smaller the manufacture, mining and construction employment weights, and the larger are the science, education, finance, insurance, real estate and administration weights. Commerce and transportation are distributed evenly and the difference is less. From the comparison in three zones of China, the employment percentage of manufacture, finance, insurance and real estate is higher in eastern coastal areas, while the employment percentage of science, education, administration is higher in western areas. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparing Student Software Designs Using Semantic Categorization

Eckerdal, A. McCartney, R. Mostr?m, J.E. Ratcliffe, M. Zander, C. Comparing Student Software Designs Using Semantic Categorization. Proceedings of the Fifth Finnish/Baltic Sea Conference on Computer Science Education, 2005

Can Graduating Students Design Software Systems?

Eckerdal, A. Ratcliffe, M. McCartney, R. Mostr?m, J.E. Zander, C. Can Graduating Students Design Software Systems? Proc. 37th SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. 2006

Checklists for grading object-oriented CS1 programs: concepts and misconceptions

Sanders, K. and Thomas, L. 2007. Checklists for grading object-oriented CS1 programs: concepts and misconceptions. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual SIGCSE Conference on innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education (Dundee, Scotland, June 25 - 27, 2007). ITiCSE '07. ACM, New York, NY, 166-170

El aprendizaje activo de la microbiología en el Grado de Podología incrementa el rendimiento académico

Se ha planteado como objetivo la mejora de la calidad de la docencia de la Microbiología mediante la actualización de la metodología docente , introduciendo como actividad docente el aprendizaje activo basado en preguntas (inquirybased learning:IBL) para conseguir mejorar las competencias que deberán adquirir los estudiantes como parte de su formación integral. En este estudio han participado 55 alumnos de Segundo Curso del Grado de Podología (Curso 2014-2015),y se ha calculado el porcentaje de alumnos que participaron en las 3 pruebas (3 IBL), en 2 (2 IBL), en 1 (1 IBL), y los que no participaron en ninguna y posteriormente se relacionó con las calificaciones obtenidas en la asignatura de Microbiología. Se incluyeron las preguntas IBL que se realizaron en clase en el campus virtual de la asignatura, pero sin incluir la corrección de las mismas. En los alumnos que realizaron alguna prueba IBL se obtuvieron calificaciones mejores en las preguntas diseñadas para analizar la síntesis de conocimientos y el análisis de datos que en aquellos que no habían participado en ninguna. Al finalizar la actividad se realizó un estudio transversal a través de un cuestionario autocumplimentado en el que se valoraba la opinión de los alumnos sobre el aprendizaje activo mediante IBL valorando positivamente esta actividad para medir el aprendizaje y mejorar la preparación del examen. Consideramos que el uso del campus virtual unido a la actualización en la metodología docente puede mejorar el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de Microbiología.

Analysis of the reading and comprehension control in scientific texts in high school students

Students' learning process can be negatively affected when their reading and comprehension control is not appropriated. This research focuses on the analysis of how a group of students from high school evaluate their reading comprehension in manipulated scientific texts. An analysis tool was designed to determine the students' degree of comprehension control when reading a scientific short text with an added contradiction. The results have revealed that the students from 1st and 3rd ESO do not properly self-evaluated their reading comprehension. A different behavior has been observed in 1st Bachillerato, where appropriate evaluation and regulation seem to be more frequent. Moreover, no significant differences have been found regarding the type of text, year or gender. Finally, as identified by previous research, the correlations between the students' comprehension control and their school marks have shown to have a weak relationship and inversely proportional to the students' age.

Can they go it alone? Addressing criticisms of coteaching.

This paper responds to Wassell and LaVan’s paper on the transition from a preservice coteaching experience to independent teaching as a beginning inservice teacher. Wassell and LaVan describe coteaching as an alternative to traditional teaching. In our response, we argue that coteaching can also be applied alongside independent teaching in preservice courses, as opposed to an alternative to independent teaching, which has been shown to alleviate some of the transition issues described by Wassell and LaVan. We then present a critical discussion of different models and vocabularies of coteaching which apply in different sociocultural settings to expand the concept of coteaching. We attempt to extend Wassell and LaVan’s use of Guba and Lincoln’s (Fourth generation evaluation, 1989) authenticity criteria from the research methodology towards considering the criteria also as a framework for coteaching as practice for preservice and cooperating teachers. Finally, we reflect on the role of critical ethnography in Wassell and LaVan’s study in terms of the researchers’ intervention and whether improvements in the transition can be effectively introduced which do not require such intervention. We conclude our discussion with some suggestions to take forward this important work.