Redes institucionais na América Latina : construindo as Ciências Sociais Contemporâneas e a Educação

A criação de redes institucionais na história recente da América Latina tem sido um resultado crucial nos processos de construção e consolidação das ciências sociais e educação. Estes processos são explicados no quadro da chamada sociedade do conhecimento e da reflexividade social. Ambos os fenómenos - a configuração de uma sociedade em rede e o acesso crescente à informação - são o produto de um tempo em que produtores de redes sociais e conhecimento são também refletidas em experiências concretas na esfera educativa. Apresentam-se neste artigo - a título exemplificativo e sem tentar esgotar o inventário - alguns casos relevantes de redes institucionais dentro do campo das ciências sociais e da educação no contexto da América Latina. Todos eles são expressão de uma forma de trabalho colaborativo e de um modo dialógico de construir e gerir o conhecimento. Em primeiro lugar, descrevem-se as contribuições de três iniciativas que começam e se desenvolvem a partir da segunda metade do século XX: o Conselho Latino-americano de Ciências sociais (CLACSO), criado em Buenos Aires, em 1964; a Faculdade Latino-americana de Ciências Sociais (FLACSO), criada em 1957, por iniciativa da UNESCO e alguns governos da região; A Rede Latino-americana de Informação e Documentação em Educação (REDUC), fundada em 1977 com o objetivo de preservar a memória da produção educacional na região. Por último, apresentam-se, como uma experiência singular que começa na primeira década do século XXI, as iniciativas em curso da Rede Ibero-americana de investigação em políticas educativas (RIAIPE), criada em 2006, com a participação de instituições de educação superior na América Latina e da Europa.

Mudanças na administração municipal (1988-1997): uma análise dos suportes institucionais de práticas locais selecionadas

Trata do processo de planejamento municipal no Brasil a partir de 1988, período esse em que se estabeleceu no país um novo contexto político-institucional marcado pelas mudanças na ordem constitucional e por uma nova interação entre os setores público, privado e um terceiro setor na implementação de políticas públicas. Aborda a influência desse novo contexto no processo de planejamento municipal dado o desequilíbrio na distribuição espacial da população e do sistema de cidades brasileiro. Analisa um conjunto de iniciativas de governos municipais em políticas públicas, na última década, e aponta um conjunto de temas e problemas para pesquisa futura.

Afirmação e contestação ao patrimonialismo : um estudo das práticas e das representações sociais num território em transformação

Este estudo situa-se no campo da sociologia rural, a partir da noção do continuum rural/urbano, articulada ao conceito de território como uma construção social que suplanta a dicotomia pela interação entre os atores e base geográfica, formando um complexo contexto sociocultural e econômico. Trata-se da análise das condições socioeconômicas e culturais em que opera a dinâmica do município de Encruzilhada do Sul, localizado no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), na busca de oportunidades para seus integrantes. Esse território, nos últimos anos, passa por transformações significativas que impactam a posse e o uso da terra. São mudanças na matriz produtiva, substituindo parte da pecuária extensiva e da agricultura tradicional por grandes áreas de reflorestamento e, em menor escala, introduzindo a fruticultura e inovações na produção em pequenas propriedades. A construção de uma tipologia de inserção dos trabalhadores na transformação territorial, baseada no vínculo de trabalho nas novas atividades, desvelou as condições em que se articularam os atores sociais para produzirem modelos distintos territorialmente pelas características da posse e uso da terra, bem como os resultados decorrentes dessas condições. As conclusões deste estudo indicam que a exploração de atividades econômicas tradicionais e a introdução de novas atividades aparentemente sob uma lógica racional estão reproduzindo o patrimonialismo nas relações sociais e de poder. Por outro lado, as transformações protagonizadas pelos trabalhadores locais na posse e uso da terra, que, pelas suas características, se contrapõem ao modo de exploração e uso tradicionais, reconfiguram as representações sociais, apontando para a construção de um território mais sustentável econômica, social e ambientalmente. Ao correlacionar processos econômicos e processos simbólicos em contextos de transformações territoriais, este estudo apresenta-se como mais uma contribuição no debate que ora se estabelece no sul do Brasil a respeito da mudança da matriz produtiva e do desenvolvimento territorial.

A preferência dos estudantes de nível superior na adoção de redes sociais em comparação com os canais institucionais

As tecnologias de mídias sociais se inseriram na sociedade moderna e fazem parte do seu cotidiano de diversas formas – aquisição e compartilhamento de conhecimentos, relações pessoais, difusão de mídias – não raro complementando e até substituindo ferramentas desenvolvidas especificamente para atividades semelhantes. Esta pesquisa realiza um comparativo entre as mídias sociais e os canais formais de instituições de ensino, confrontando elementos que compõem a utilidade percebida e a satisfação com sistemas de informação. Evidenciou-se que estudantes enxergam mais utilidade em tecnologias de mídias sociais para suas atividades acadêmicas do que em sistemas de informação oferecidos pela universidade, principalmente devido à facilidade de uso daquelas tecnologias. Espera-se, assim, contribuir para que estudantes e instituições de ensino obtenham melhor proveito das ferramentas de TI à sua disposição.

Estrutura de organizações sociais: adaptação aos projetos sociais ou às pressões institucionais?

This is a study concerning in the structure of non governmental organizations, based on the institutional theory. It aims to understand the relation among structure, social projects and environmental influences, analyzing if there is coherence with project social or expresses adaptation to the institutional pressures of the environment. It introduces as theoretical support for the themes, studies about institutional theory and social structure. The research is descriptive and exploratory; it also applies to a study of case, based on the technical procedures. From the research universe, that was compound by non governmental organizations from Natal, RN, Brasil, it was chosen the Casa Renascer, a non governmental organization that works with the combat to the violence and sexual exploration of children and teenagers. The data collection process employed includes documental research, observations and semi structured research devices, guided by the organizational process proposed by Serva (1996) and by the institutional theory. The collected data were qualitatively treated. The analysis was divided into three parts, following the research matters. The social project characterization demonstrated that the organization went by three main phases. The first one, characterized by focus in women and girls education and health; the second shows the emphasis on girls in social risk situation, with preventive approach; and the last one, characterized by victims assistance of violence and sexual exploration. From the analysis using the institutional theory mechanisms, the results showed that exists coherence between structure and environmental influences, but a weak coherence between structure and social projects. It indicates as main determinant of the structure, an aspect forgotten by the institutional theory, the power. It was observed the presence from normative, coercive and mimetic mechanisms, highlighting normative influences

Práticas interdisciplinares no ensino superior: a experiência do curso de graduação em administração da UNAMA - Pará

This work addresses the study of interdisciplinarity in higher administration education, a topic of great relevance in the present context, due to guidelines issued by Ministry of Education through the National Curriculum Guidelines -NCGs for undergraduate courses in Management. The attention on the subject emerges from the gained experience of a researcher and teacher working as manager of an undergraduate course in Business Administration who set up interdisciplinarity through interdisciplinary projects in a management course pedagogical project at a private university in State of Pará/Brazil. The work rebuilds and reports experiences, and studies the practice of lecturers involved in those interdisciplinary actions. The study aimed to identify changes in pedagogical practices of teachers involved in the searched interdisciplinary experience. To address the questions that directed the work and achieve proposed objectives, from a qualitative approach, a significant bibliographical and documentary work was conducted on the topic. In the survey carried out on secondary sources such as publications of major authors and scientific papers reporting interdisciplinary experiences in higher administration education, it was found that interdisciplinarity for its ambiguous character is still poorly understood by teachers, and reports on its application in administration teaching are incipient. This study also used data collected from primary sources, from dialogues through interviews with educational fellows - teachers and officers of the institution that served as locus of the research, who had the opportunity to experience the studied interdisciplinary experience. Data were processed and analyzed using content analysis technique. Research results showed that teachers of the institution of research have a good understanding of meaning of interdisciplinarity as a link between disciplines; it was also found substantial evidence of changes in teaching practices and actions of such teachers based on their participation in interdisciplinary projects. Although the experience studied can be considered innovative and challenging, much needs to be done in the course management for achievement of interdisciplinary actions in the course, particularly regarding to the removal of institutional, methodological, psychosocial, epistemological obstacles in operationalizing interdisciplinary practices, with emphasis on the need of a process of continuous and specific training aiming at developing skills for interdisciplinary acting, to the extent that these education professionals do not perceive themselves able to act as interdisciplinary lecturers

Repercussões sociais da violência contra crianças e adolescentes: deliqüência

This research is responsible for the investigation and problematization of the violence production process in children and teenagers through deviant behaviour, especially the drug s use and traffic, given that the deviant behaviour named juvenile criminality is something built and that can t be disassociated from the social and institutional relations that are ideological and violent, as well as the construction of, social and individual, positive identities can become important instruments for the process of democratization and the effective juvenile citizenship. In relation to the teorical referential, the work was developed from readings beyond the social science camp, without getting far from it, searching for support in other scientific camps and making your bases on Manuel Castells formulations about the power of the identity, and on Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth in relation to the recognition struggle. In the empiric field, the discourses and graphic representations from twenty four children and teenagers that attend a social project were privileged, and compared to those shown at the documentary and the book Falcão Meninos do Tráfico produced by MV Bill, in relation to the social profile and life trajectory. From the study subjects' perspective, the data suggest that the children and the teenagers conceive violence as a natural thing, either as victims or persecutors. However, the research shows that, despite the subjects of the two studied groups reveled in your discourses the influence of the violent relations in their daily lives, the subjects got recognition during the process of identity construction by the groups with which they maintained the sense of belonging, either it being the family, the community or the school, they were positively influenced and established a positive representation of themselves and didn t show any deviant and violent tendency or behaviour. Therefore, we demonstrate the role of the school for an education for peace, as well as the participation of the family, the community and the stimulation of the juvenile protagonism as transforming practices, capable of awaking the citizenship and avoiding the construction of people that reproduce deviant and violent behaviour

Dos movimentos sociais às funções institucionais: a Consolidação de uma geração política em Sergipe.

This study was presented to the Post-Graduation Program in Social Sciences at UFRN as part of the requisites for obtaining the title of Master in Social Sciences. It describes the results of the research From social movements to the institutional functions: the consolidation of a generation . Its main objective is to describe the history of a political generation that emerged from the social movements, in the 80 s, in Sergipe, and that nowadays occupies the main governmental positions in the State s political scenario. As its specific objectives, the research described the emerging of social movements in the 80s in Sergipe; it found in the social movements in Sergipe, in the 80s, the beginning of the history of a new political generation, and described the consolidation of this new political generation in institutional positions as the expression of a new group of power in Sergipe s politics. Among the social movements that gained visibility in that period and that projected their leadership into the political scenario of Sergipe, this study highlights: the students movement, teacher s movement, bank clercks movement, miners movement, and rural workers movement. It utilized as methodology the research in sites, magazines, and the use of testimonies from semi-structured interviews. The main leadership of the five movements that were analyzed is, nowadays, governing the state, administering the capital s city hall, and performing legislative work at the Legislative Assembly of Sergipe, and at the Chamber of City Councilmen of Aracaju. This study described the political history of the main leadership of that generation of militants and organizers of social movements, and of left party groups in Sergipe, highlighting that their consolidation in the political scenario of the State meant the consolidation of a new group of power in Sergipe s politics.

Reforma administrativa e gestão de políticas sociais em Mossoró: a falácia dos atores institucionais e sociais

The thesis entitled The administrative reform and social political management in Mossoró: the institutional and social staff's falacy. Comprehends a moment of apprehensiveness and analysis in the reestrcturing process of the city, whose process will show the formation of strategies and deployment of its relation with the social political affectiveness. It represents a single moment in the approach of such a kind of experience in the city. The analysis starts from the third mandate of the Mayor Rosalba Ciarlini Rosado, during the quadriennium 2001/2004, for being the time in which the public management got materialized, such as in the operational way of the social politics. For that, we delimitate this study in two distinct moments: the first one refers to the reform elaboration from the creation of the additional law nº 001/2000 GP/PMM: the second one refers to a practical reform from the social and institutional staff's speech. Within that scenary it was seen that the approaching, though partially, the State Reform and, consequently, the master plan of the state apparatus, which were made of theoretical matrices of such a project locally. However, that is a complex experience, that required the use of field and documental research for the proposed investigation and at the same time, prove the guiding hypothesis of it, what means a grouping of areas like: education, healthy, and social development in only one department City Citizenship Department that is able to materialize a new intitutional arrangement, according to the management principles in the public administration at the govern local level, configuring a reform and not just an institutional adequacy. In that context, it got necessary to apprehending the institutional and social actors' falacy as a way to prove or not the presented hypothesis. Among the first staff, we have the mayor's direct leaders and advisors' perception that express the politcal administrative aspects of the reform and, in the second, the perception of the political view of what has changed concerning the management of the social politics

Democracia Possível: espaços institucionais, participação social e cultura política

The present study aims at making a theoretically reflection about the reconstruction process of democracy that can be observed in the country since the opening political process, which took place with the Geisel´s government in 1974, passing through the first civil president, in 1985, the Constitution process, in 1986, and finally the Constitution promulgation in 1988. It interests to this study analyses the premise that the 1988 Constitution inaugurates the moment in which democracy starts to be reconstructed in the country, and that this reconstruction is made in such a brand new way, once it included the possibility of participation of the civil society in the deliberation of the public politics, what became possible with the creation of new spaces of a gestion shared by the three executive powers: federal; states; municipalities, and with the civil society, in the councils created in those spheres. In this way, this work wishes to focus the opening process to the civil society participation, wich became possible with the creation of the city councils of public politics. It´s about investigating the form in wich the relations set up in these hibrid spaces could be considered democratic, inclusive and promoters of effective participation, checking up tendencies, giving emphasis to regularities and some specifities encountered in the forms of participation, which have been observed in those councils. In order to comprehend the democratic process in construction in the country, the analysis of the relations established by the civil society and the local executive power in the obligatory municipal councils is taken as object of study, passing by the tensions wich evolves institutions and political practices, permeated by the local political culture. It starts from a briefly review of works already made on the subject