Bestandserfassung und -überwachung des atlanto-skandischen Herings. EU-Studie "Hydroacoustic Surveys of Atlanto-Scandian Herring in the Norwegian Sea, 1998-2000 (ASH-II)"

The atlanto-scandian herring consists of two major stocks, i.e. the Icelandic summer spawner and the Norwegian spring spawner. Both stocks have recovered well after complete collapse in the seventies and allow for a controlled fishery. The total allowable catch of the Norwegian spring spawner is currently 1.3 mill. t. The resumption of the fishery is accompanied by an annual and multi-national survey with Norwegian, Faeroe Islands, Icelandic and Russian contribution. In 1998 the EU will contribute to the survey with the Swedish vessel ”Argos” and in 1999 with the ”Walther Herwig III” under Dutch, Swedish and German participation. About half of the survey costs are covered by the EU by means of a funded study, the other half is contributed by the participating nations.

Reduzierung der Schädigung des Meeresbodens durch Baumkurren und Grundschleppnetze

An EU funded research project was started in 1998 by institutes from Ireland, Belgium, the Netherlands and Germany to reduce the adverse environmental impact of demersal trawls. In the frame of this project the Institute for Fishery Technique of the Federal Research Centre for Fisheries, Hamburg, is developing a jet beamtrawl replacing the heavy tickler chains of a traditional flatfish beam trawl by water jet nozzles placed at the lower side of the beam with the jets directed towards the sea bottom. First trials on the dutch research vessel “Tridens” were performed in March 1998. Catch and bycatch of a jet beamtrawl and a traditional beamtrawl were compared. The efficiency of the jet beamtrawl was not satisfactory and will have to be improved.

Un inédito de Orixe : el contenido espiritual de la España nacionalista (1938)

[ES] Estudio y edición de un texto desconocido de Orixe en el que, a partir de un episodio autobiográfico —la delación de la que fue objeto en mayo de 1938 y su consiguiente huida al otro lado de la frontera—, trata de mostrar la falsedad del catolicismo de los sublevados en 1936 y la superioridad moral de los nacionalistas vascos. Este nuevo ensayo de Orixe aporta algunas precisiones sobre su biografía pero, sobre todo, constituye un texto único en su bibliografía —próximo, sin embargo, a algunos pasajes de Quiton arrebarekin— en la medida en que recoge una reflexión extensa y sistemática sobre una cuestión entonces crucial para el nacionalismo vasco.

Petrarca y las primeras ediciones de Terencio

[ES] De entre las ediciones de Terencio publicadas en las primeras décadas de la imprenta, las de Vindelino de Espira son las que muestran una mayor voluntad filológica y, sin duda, las que ofrecen un texto más correcto. Estas ediciones dependen del texto terenciano reconstruido por Petrarca: concretamente, IGI 9408 desciende de una fase textual anterior a la que queda fijada en 1358 y responde además a algunos de los criterios propugnados por Petrarca en la Vita Terrentii; IGI 9409, por su parte, depende —parcialmente— del texto de 1358 y muestra indicios de haber sufrido la influencia de otro ejemplar de Petrarca. En fin, la presencia de la Vita Terrentii en la transmisión impresa de Terencio es una muestra más de la vigencia de la filología terencia de Petrarca durante aquellos años.

Deutsche und internationale Bestandsuntersuchungen an Heringen mit hydroakustischen Methoden

The international hydroacoustic herring survey in the North Sea is carried out since the early eighties with Dutch, Scottish, Danish und Norwegian contribution. Since 1994 Germany also participates in this survey on a regular basis and has taken over a sector in the easter part between the Dogger Bank and the Danish coast. This area is known for the abundance of chiefly juvenile herring and sprat. During the 1995 cruise some 420000 t of herring were found here, most of them being juveniles of age group I. Analyses of plankton hauls showed that planktonic echos were not caused by juvenile herring, instead the echos were apparently produced by small pelagic gastropodes of the genus Spiratella.

Plan estratégico de la editorial PENTAGON

El presente trabajo se centra en la realización de un Plan Estratégico para la Editorial Pentagon, empresa establecida y que actúa en el mercado de los Países Bajos. La empresa realizó un plan previamente, por lo que en algunos aspectos se realizan aportaciones a dicho plan. Se lleva a cabo un análisis de la situación actual de la empresa, y la evolución sufrida por la misma y la del sector, con el fin de poder determinar los aspectos que la empresa está trabajando de forma adecuada o, los que por el contrario, no está explotando o gestionando de una forma eficiente o que le permita alcanzar sus objetivos. Se analizan en profundidad los factores determinantes del sector de actuación de la empresa, para posteriormente poder fijar unos objetivos y estrategias a seguir por parte de la misma para poder enfrentarse de la mejor forma a dicho entorno.

Política e fé: a missão religiosa no Brasil holandês

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a presença da Igreja Protestante e, a propagação da fé reformada entre os indígenas durante a ocupação holandesa no Nordeste brasileiro, nos de 1630 a 1654. É discutido ainda como se deu a relação dos nativos com os invasores neerlandeses. Como foi realizada a evangelização dos índios, que por sua vez, já haviam sido catequizados pelos portugueses católicos, principalmente os religiosos da Companhia de Jesus, e quais as dificuldades encontradas frente a uma (re)catequização. Aborda ainda o interesse econômico aliado ao religioso que compunha o quadro do século XVII, além de todo o processo de alfabetização o qual os brasilianos passaram, resultando assim em uma mudança da estrutura cultural e social no tempo e espaço supracitados.

Bizkaiko jauntxoen inguruko herri literaturaz: Plentziako 1603ko hiru esaera zahar eta "Refranes y Sentencias"-en jatorria, eta proposamen bat Arrasateko erreketaren kantuez

[EUS] Lan honetan aurkikuntza baten berri ematen dugu: Plentziako armarri batean aurkitutako hiru euskal esaera zahar (1603) aurkezten eta hizkuntzaren eta historiaren ikuspuntutik aztertzen ditugu. Hiru esaerotatik bi «Refranes y sentencias» 1596) lanean agertzen dira, eta hori datu garrantzitsua da; izan ere, Lakarrak 1996) errefrau-bilduma anonimo horren jatorriaz egindako proposamena berresteko argudio berria da. Zehazki, Bizkaiko ipar-mendebala proposatu zuen Lakarrak bildumako errefrauen jatorri gisa. Beste alde batetik, Bizkaiko ipar-mendebaleko euskararen zenbait ezaugarri baliatuta, Arrasateko erreketari buruzko zenbait kantu eremu horretan sortu zirela proposatzen dugu —zehazki, Butroeko (Gatika) dorretxearen inguruan—, hizkuntzari dagozkion argudioak historiari buruzkoekin osatuta.

Euskal testu corpusa osatzen: J.P. Ulibarriren "Egunare eusquerazcoa erderascotic itzuliya"

[EUS] Artikulu honetan J. P. Ulibarri idazle okondoarrak 1815an argitaratu zuen "Egunare euskerazkoa erdaraskotik itzuliya" egutegia aurkezten dugu, urteetan galdutzat jo izan dena. Lan honetan, orain arte euskal bibliografoek "Egunare"-az esan dutena laburtu dugu (§1), eta horrekin batera alearen deskribapena eskaini dugu bai fisikoa eta baita gaien arabera(§2). Hirugarren atalean(§3), libarriren egiletasuna bermatu dugu: testua egile izenik gabe argitaratu bazen ere albaitariaren lantzat jo dugu, bere idaztankera eta euskara moldea aztertzeko lan honek duen garrantzia azpimarratuz. Amaitzeko, testua bera eskaini dugu, bai edizio erdipaleografiko legez eta baita faksimile eran.

Basque legacy in the New World: on the surnames of Latin American presidents

[EN] In this article we explain the etymology of the surnames of Basque origin that some presidents of Latin American countries have or have had in the past. These family names were created in the language called Euskara, in the Basque Country (Europe), and then, when some of the people who bore them emigrated to America, they brought their surnames with them. Most of the family names studied here are either oiconymic or toponymic, but it must be kept in mind that the oiconymic ones are, very often, based on house-nicknames, that is, they are anthroponymic in the first place. As far as possible, we have related the surname, when its origin is oiconymic or toponymic, to its source, i.e. to the house or place where it was created.

Erdi Aroko euskararen corpusa osatzeko ekarpena

[EUS] Lan honek Erdi Aroko euskararen ezagutzan sakontzeko ekarpena izan nahi du. Horretarako, garai hartako agirietan eta bestelakoetan agertzen diren hainbat lekukotasun bildu ditugu, bereziki leku eta pertsona izenak. Hauetarik batzuk lehendik ezagunak ziren Lacarrak (1957), Arzamendik (1985), Libanok (1995-1999) edo beste ikerlariek egindako lanei esker; guk honakoan guztiak biltzen saiatu gara, argitaragabe batzuk ere ekarri ditugu eta alfabetikoki hurrenkeratu ditugu eta intereseko datuak (urtea, herria, herrialdea, iturria eta bibliografia) eman ditugu. Bestalde, Erdi Aroko hilarrietan lekukotzen diren hilartitzetako euskarazko elementuak ere jaso eta aztertu ditugu.

Etymological notes on Aleut (III). With methodological notes on (Eskimo-Aleut) historical linguistics

[EN] The goal of this contribution is twofold: on the one hand, to review two relatively recent contributions in the field of Eskimo-Aleut historical linguistics in which it is proposed that Eskimo-Aleut languages are related genealogically to Wakashan (Holst 2004) and?/or Nostratic (Krougly-Enke 2008). These contributions can be characterized by saying that their authors have taken little care to be diligent and responsible in the application of the comparative method, and that their familiarity with the languages involved is insufficient. Eskimo-Aleut languages belong to a very exclusive group of language families that have been (and still are) used, sometimes compulsively, in the business of so-called “long-range comparisons”. Those carrying out such studies are very often unaware of the most basic facts regarding the philological and linguistic traditions of those languages, as a result of what mountains of very low quality works with almost no-relevancy for the specialist grow every year to the desperation of the scientific community, whose attitude toward them ranges from the most profound indifference to the toughest (and most explicit) critical tone. Since Basque also belongs to this group of “compare-with-everything-you-come- across” languages, it is my intention to provide the Basque readership with a sort of “pedagogical case” to show that little known languages, far from underrepresented in the field, already have a very long tradition in historical and comparative linguistics, i.e. nobody can approach them without previous acquaintance with the materials. Studies dealing with the methodological inappropriateness of the Moscow School’s Nostratic hypothesis or the incorrectness of many of the proposed new taxonomic Amerindian subfamilies (several of them involving the aforementioned Wakashan languages), that is to say, the frameworks on which Krougly-Enke and Holst work, respectively, are plenty (i.a. Campbell 1997: 260-329, Campbell & Poser 2008: 234-96), therefore there is no reason to insist once more on the very same point. This is the reason why I will not discuss per se Eskimo-Aleut–Wakashan or Eskimo-Aleut–Nostratic. On the contrary, I will focus attention upon very concrete aspects of Krougly-Enke and Holst´s proposals, i.e. when they work on “less ambitious” problems, for example, dealing with the minutiae of internal facts or analyzing certain words from the sole perspective of Eskimo-Aleut materials (in other words, those cases in which even they do not invoke the ad hoc help of Nostratic stuff). I will try to explain why some of their proposals are wrong, demonstrate where the problem lies, and fix it if possible. In doing so, I will propose new etymologies in an attempt at showing how we may proceed. The main difference between this and handbook examples lies in the reality of what we are doing: this is a pure etymological exercise from beginning to end. I will try to throw a bit of light on a couple of problematic questions regarding Aleut historical phonology, demonstrating how much work should be done at the lowest level of the Eskimo-Aleut pyramid; it is technically impossible to reach the peak of the pyramid without having completed the base. As far as Aleut is regarded, I will mainly profit not only from the use of the traditional philological analysis of Aleut (and, eventually, of Eskimo) materials, but also of diachronic typology, bringing into discussion what in my opinion seems useful, and in some cases I think decisive, parallels. It is worth noting that this paper makes up yet another part of a series of exploratory works dealing with etymological aspects of the reconstruction of Proto-Eskimo-Aleut, with special emphasis on Aleut (vid. i.a. Alonso de la Fuente 2006/2007, 2008a, 2008b, 2010a), whose main goal is to become the solid basis for an etymological dictionary of the Aleut language, currently in progress.

"Leioar" antroponimoaren lekuko toponimiko gehiago

[EN] The Basque anthroponym "Leioar" was analyzed by Alfonso Irigoien, which explained the origin of the name and the derived place names. In this paper we present new names derived, nine in total, the names are explained, also the appeared differences.

"Erran nahi baita" birformulatzaile esplikatiboa gaurko euskaran

[EN] This article presents a detailed study of the present-day use of the Basque discourse marker "erran/esan nahi baita" (‘that is to say’). This is an explanatory reformulator by means of which the speaker presents a reformulation of something said in the previous utterance (either a clause that forms part of the current sentence, or the preceding sentence) in order to express it more clearly or explain it. In the article I will examine the marker’s values; literary tradition; form and origin; present-day variants; equivalent expressions; position; punctuation; syntax; frequency, medium (written or spoken), register and text type; equivalents in other languages; and discourse value.

A filosofia de Espinosa no pensamento de Damásio e de Atlan

O presente estudo é resultado do exame das aproximações feitas entre o pensamento do filósofo holandês Baruch de Espinosa e as pesquisas e reflexões atuais do biofísico Henri Atlan e do neurobiólogo António Damásio. O exame consistiu, primeiramente, na identificação dos conceitos de Espinosa utilizados nas obras desses autores, o que envolveu destacar as relações que os próprios cientistas reconhecem ter com o pensamento do filósofo e também encontrar outras relações legítimas, não indicadas pelos autores. O resultado dessa etapa inicial foi a reunião das reflexões em torno de dois temas: 1. a teoria do conatus e 2. a teoria mente-corpo espinosista. O exame consistiu também na discussão sobre o modo como esses conceitos são utilizados por Espinosa e pela detecção de suas novas significações no contexto das pesquisas de Damásio e Atlan. Além disso, foi realizado um exame crítico dessas apropriações pela investigação de perdas e reduções no pensamento do filósofo. As aproximações empreendidas pelos autores à teoria mente-corpo espinosista nem sempre são consistentes, ou por falta de evidências que as justifiquem, como no caso de Atlan, ou pela adoção de uma perspectiva metafísica monista distinta da de Espinosa, como no caso de Damásio. Mas, com relação à noção de conatus, as assimilações são melhor sucedidas. O esforço de perseverar no ser pode ser traduzido adequadamente como o ímpeto que rege os mecanismos homeostáticos que governam a vida ou a força responsável pela auto-organização dos sistemas naturais.