Dor psicológica e risco suicidário: um estudo longitudinal com indivíduos da comunidade

O objetivo deste estudo longitudinal é testar numa amostra da comunidade, a contribuição da dor psicológica para o risco suicidário, avaliando o seu impacto na ideação suicida, importante sinalizador do risco. Os dados foram recolhidos em dois momentos com um intervalo de três meses. Participaram 218 adultos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 65 anos, que responderam ao Brief Symptom Inventory, à Psychache Scale, ao Questionário de Ideação Suicida e a um Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico. De acordo com os resultados, a dor psicológica previu variações na ideação suicida ao longo de três meses, avaliada numa população de baixo risco, explicando uma parte da variação desta, mesmo quando se controlou estatisticamente o efeito do distress. Os resultados reforçam a ideia de que a ideação suicida não é um fenómeno exclusivamente associado à perturbação e mostram a relevância da dor psicológica enquanto importante fator de risco suicidário; ABSTRACT: “Psychache and suicidal risk: a longitudinal study in a community sample” The aim of this longitudinal study is to test a community sample, the contribution of psychological pain for suicidality risk, assessing its impact on suicidal ideation, an important risk factor. Data were collected at two different times with an interval of three months. A final sample of 218 participants, aged between 18 and 65 years, responded to the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Psychache Scale, the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire and a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire. According to the results, the psychological pain predicted variations in suicide ideation over three months evaluated in a low-risk sample, explaining a part of this variation, even when distress were statistically controlled. The results reinforce the idea that suicide ideation is not exclusively a phenomenon associated with perturbation and show the relevance of psychological pain as an important risk factor for suicide.

A dor no doente oncológico com doença avançada

Existem fatores que aumentam a dor e o sofrimento, como a solidão, o abandono, o sentir-se objeto de pena, a alteração da imagem, a incerteza quanto ao futuro e a perspetiva de morte. Fatores que ajudam na superação, como, o sentir-se amado, a esperança e a fé.

APLICAÇÃO DE UM PROGRAMA EDUCATIVO NA CAPACITAÇÃO DO DOENTE ONCOLÓGICO COM DOENÇA AVANÇADA/CUIDADOR PARA A GESTÃO DA DOR EM DOMICÍLIO

O desenvolvimento de um programa educativo para capacitação, exige uma avaliação do número de momentos de interação necessários para que o processo ocorra. 

Conhecer Para Capacitar - "A dor no doente oncológico em fase avançada"

A dor descrita pelo doente oncológico em fase avançada é uma dor intolerante que pode levar ao desespero. É caracterizada, personificada, tida como um inimigo que na fase final é invencível, interfere na comunicação e nas relações interpessoais, impede o relacionamento intimo entre o casal e consome todo o ser. A existência de dor confronta o doente para a gravidade da situação e para a perspetiva de morte.

Towards a Business Process Management Maturity Model

Business Process Management (BPM) has been identified as the number one business priority by a recent Gartner study (Gartner, 2005). However, BPM has a plethora of facets as its origins are in Business Process Reengineering, Process Innovation, Process Modelling, and Workflow Management to name a few. Organisations increasingly recognize the requirement for an increased process orientation and require appropriate comprehensive frameworks, which help to scope and evaluate their BPM initiative. This research project aims toward the development of a holistic and widely accepted BPM maturity model, which facilitates the assessment of BPM capabilities. This paper provides an overview about the current model with a focus on the actual model development utilizing a series of Delphi studies. The development process includes separate studies that focus on further defining and expanding the six core factors within the model, i.e. strategic alignment, governance, method, Information Technology, people and culture.

Means of achieving Business Process Management success factors

Business Process Management (BPM) in recent years has become a highest priority area for most organizations. Since this concept is multidisciplinary, success in this endeavour requires considering different factors. A number of studies have been conducted to identify these factors; however, most are limited to the introduction of high-level factors or to the identification of the means of success within only a specific context. This paper presents a holistic framework of success factors as well as the associated means for achieving success. This framework introduces nine factors, namely culture, leadership, communication, Information Technology, strategic alignment, people, project management, performance measurement and methodology. Each of these factors are characterized further by defining some sub-constructs and under each sub construct the means for achieving success are also introduced. This framework including means for achieving success can be useful for BPM project stakeholders in adequately planning the initiative and checking the progress during the implementation.

Molecular classification of cutaneous malignant melanoma by gene expression profiling

The most common human cancers are malignant neoplasms of the skin. Incidence of cutaneous melanoma is rising especially steeply, with minimal progress in non-surgical treatment of advanced disease. Despite significant effort to identify independent predictors of melanoma outcome, no accepted histopathological, molecular or immunohistochemical marker defines subsets of this neoplasm. Accordingly, though melanoma is thought to present with different 'taxonomic' forms, these are considered part of a continuous spectrum rather than discrete entities. Here we report the discovery of a subset of melanomas identified by mathematical analysis of gene expression in a series of samples. Remarkably, many genes underlying the classification of this subset are differentially regulated in invasive melanomas that form primitive tubular networks in vitro, a feature of some highly aggressive metastatic melanomas. Global transcript analysis can identify unrecognized subtypes of cutaneous melanoma and predict experimentally verifiable phenotypic characteristics that may be of importance to disease progression.

The role of δ-opioid receptors in learning and memory underlying the development of addiction

Opioids are important endogenous ligands that exist in both invertebrates and vertebrates and signal by activation of opioid receptors to produce analgesia and reward or pleasure. The μ-opioid receptor is the best known of the opioid receptors and mediates the acute analgesic effects of opiates, while the δ-opioid receptor (DOR) has been less well studied and has been linked to effects that follow from chronic use of opiates such as stress, inflammation and anxiety. Recently, DORs have been shown to play an essential role in emotions and increasing evidence points to a role in learning actions and outcomes. The process of learning and memory in addiction has been proposed to involve strengthening of specific brain circuits when a drug is paired with a context or environment. The DOR is highly expressed in the hippocampus, amygdala, striatum and other basal ganglia structures known to participate in learning and memory. In this review, we will focus on the role of the DOR and its potential role in learning and memory underlying the development of addiction.

Miami heat: Patent law, informed consent and benefit-sharing

This article considers whether the granting of patents in respect of biomedical genetic research should be conditional upon the informed consent of research participants. It focuses upon several case studies. In Moore v the Regents of the University Of California, a patient sued his physician for breach of fiduciary duty and lack of informed consent, because the doctor had obtained a patent on the patient's cell line, without the patient's authorisation. In Greenberg v Miami Children's Hospital, the research participants, the Greenbergs, the National Tay Sachs and Allied Diseases Association, and Dor Yeshorim brought a legal action against the geneticist Reubon Matalon and the Miami Children's Hospital over a patent obtained on a gene related to the Canavan disease and accompany genetic diagnostic test. PXE International entered into a joint venture with Charles Boyd and the University of Hawaii, and obtained a patent together for ‘methods for diagnosing Pseudoxanthoma elasticum’. In light of such case studies, it is contended that there is a need to reform patent law, so as to recognise the bioethical principles of informed consent and benefit-sharing. The 2005 UNESCO Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights provides a model for future case law and policy-making.

The paribhasas arthavadgrahane nanarthakasya, laksanapratipadoktayoh pratipadoktasyaiva grahanam and ekadesavikrtam ananyavat : Studies on some Metarules in Paninian system

In his grammatical treatise, the Astadhyayi, Panini includes sutras that state guiding rules for the right interpretation and application of his other directly grammatical sutras. These sutras are called paribhasas. In addition to these paribhasas, the various commentaries on Panini frequently invoke supplementary paribhasas which are not stated explicitly in his Astadhyayi. These paribhasas have been a subject of study since early times after Panini and have also occupied modern scholars on Panini s grammar. In regard to most of them, it remains unsettled even today whether they are used in the Astadhyayi, where they apply, what is their role, and whether they are necessary in arriving at the desired grammatical form. Some scholars go even further and argue that none of such paribhasas were intended by Panini. This study aims to settle this question by dealing with three such of these paribhasas individually considering all the information available in the commentaries in their regard and examining the cases in which, according to commentaries, the paribhasas apply. I select the paribhasas arthavadgrahane nanarthakasya, laksanapratipadoktayoh pratipadoktasyaiva grahanam and ekadesavikrtam ananyavat, which are all considered nyayasiddha or lokanyayasiddha; they express logical and obvious principles which are found in daily life. On this basis, Paniniyas explain why Panini did not mention them in the Astadhyayi. I discuss each paribhasa separately and all the issues it involves. I present and explain the cases where the specified paribhasas are invoked in the major commentaries, the Mahabhasya, the Kasika and the Siddhantakaumudi and the arguments found in the commentaries concerning these cases. If available, I supply other solutions to the difficulties for which these paribhasas are invoked. The study aims to make the issue of these paribhasas clearer, which will help us to reach a solution to the key question, that is, whether Panini has presupposed them in his Astadhyayi. My study shows that Panini has presupposed the paribhasa ekadesavikrtam ananyavat (or a similar principle). He also may have used the paribhasa arthavadgrahane nanarthakasya (or a similar principle) as this paribhasa does not lead to undesired results. As for the paribhasa laksanapratipadoktayoh pratipadoktasyaiva grahanam (or a similar principle), the original scope of this paribhasa was clearly extended by later Paniniyas. Moreover, their interpretation of this paribhasa conflicts with Panini s procedure. If Panini has used this paribhasa, he has used it in a very limited way.

Heritability analysis of surface-based cortical thickness estimation on a large twin cohort

The aim of this paper is to assess the heritability of cerebral cortex, based on measurements of grey matter (GM) thickness derived from structural MR images (sMRI). With data acquired from a large twin cohort (328 subjects), an automated method was used to estimate the cortical thickness, and EM-ICP surface registration algorithm was used to establish the correspondence of cortex across the population. An ACE model was then employed to compute the heritability of cortical thickness. Heritable cortical thickness measures various cortical regions, especially in frontal and parietal lobes, such as bilateral postcentral gyri, superior occipital gyri, superior parietal gyri, precuneus, the orbital part of the right frontal gyrus, right medial superior frontal gyrus, right middle occipital gyrus, right paracentral lobule, left precentral gyrus, and left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus.

Star formation in giant extragalactic H II regions

Star formation properties in Giant Extragalactic H II Regions (GEHRs) are investigated using optical photometry and evolutionary population synthesis models. Photometric data in $BVR$ bands and in the emission line of H-alpha are obtained by CCD imaging at Vainu Bappu Observatory, Kavalur. Aperture photometry is performed for 180 GEHRs in galaxies NGC 1365, 1566, 2366, 2903, 2997, 3351, 4303, 4449, 4656 and 5253. Thirty six of these GEHRs having published spectroscopic data are studied for star formation properties. The population synthesis model is constructed based on Maeder's stellar evolutionary and Kurucz stellar atmosphere models, to synthesize observational quantities of embedded clusters in GEHRs. The observed H-alpha luminosity is a measure of the number of massive stars while the contribution to BVR bands is from intermediate mass (5-15 solar mass) stars when the cluster is young and from evolving supergiants when the cluster is old (age >/= 6~Myr). Differential reddening between gas and embedded stars is essential to constrain the dereddened cluster colors within the range of youngest clusters. Obscuring dust closely associated with gas, which is distributed in filaments and clumps, as in the case of 30 Doradus, is the most likely configuration giving rise to net reduction of extinction towards stars. The fraction of the stellar photons escaping the nebula unattenuated is estimated to be 50%. GEHRs are rarely found to be simple systems containing stars from single generation. In the present sample such regions in addition to being older than 3~Myr, have their Lyman continuum luminosity reduced by as much as 60%, compared to the observed $B$ band luminosity for a normal IMF. The missing ionizing photons may be escaping the nebula, leading to the ionization of extra-H II region ionized medium. Co-existence of young (age Doradus. Thus GEHRs in nearby galaxies share many of the properties shown by 30 Dor, the nearest GEHR. (SECTION: Dissertation Summaries)

Determinación de la calidad de la carne bovina mediante inspección sanitaria (ISC) en el matadero PROINCASA

La carne bovina hoy en día se considera un producto de exportación y Nicaragua es el mayor exporta dor de este producto en Centroamérica, es así que la carne bovina en conjunto con el café son los productos de exportación que aportan los ingresos mas altos del país (Schütz et al., 2004). Conociéndose que el bovino en el matadero sufre una transformación a materia prima, donde los principales productos y subproductos obtenidos de la matanza son los cortes selectos, cortes industriales, víscera s comestibles y otros. Con base en la importancia que representa la producción de carne bovina para el país, se decidió realizar el presente estudio que tiene por titulo “Determinación de la Calidad de la Carne Bovina mediante Inspección Sanitaria (ISC) en el matadero PROINCASA”, con el objetivo de determinar la calidad de la carne bovina la cual se obtuvo mediante revisión de los registros del matadero para el año 2005 e Inspección Sanitaria de la Carne (ISC) directo para el primer semestre del año 2006, donde identificamos las patologías mas frecuentes en glándulas mamarias (ubres) con un 1.11% cueros 0.59% e hígados 0.50%. Así como también se lograron determinar perdidas económicas las cuales reflejan C$ 965 367.00 Córdobas. Con este trabajo de investigación se concluye que no se alcanza el aprovechamiento completo de los animales debido al alto porcentaje de afecciones patológicas que se diagnostican mediante Inspección Sanitaria de la Carne(ISC).

Efecto de frecuencias de aplicación de fungicidas foliares sobre la calidad de semilla de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

El experimento fue realizado con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de aplicaciones de fungicidas (Benomyl + Mancozeb) durante diferentes etapas de desarrollo del cultivo de frijol, sobre la calidad final de la semilla producida. Se utilizó la variedad mejorada (DOR-364) y los tratamientos fueron 4 frecuencias de aplicación (0,1,2,3,4) a partir de la etapa V3 (20 días después de la siembra) hasta la etapa R8 (55 días después de la siembra), más un testigo sin aplicación. El experimento se desarrolló en época de postrera Octubre 1993, en la región 1V, finca experimental "La Compañía" en el departamento de Carazo. En el campo se registró la severidad de Mustia hilachosa (Thanatephorua cucumeris) en 2 etapas 40 y 55 días después de la siembra, observándose niveles de infección que van desde 7.5 hasta 27% para el testigo y niveles inferiores para loe tratamientos que van desde 3.5 hasta 9.5% para la mayor frecuencia de aplicación. Al realizar el análisis de calidad de la semilla cosechada se observó que los tratamientos no tuvieron ningún efecto diferencial en relación a su germinación, velocidad de emergencia y componentes de rendimiento. Sin embargo se pudo apreciar en el análisis de estado sanitario mayor porcentaje de infección generada por hongos en el testigo que en los tratamientos aplicados.

Evaluación de siete variedades de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) y su respuesta a dosis creciente de fertilizantes (N-P)

El experimento fue conducido en la Estación Experimental "La Compañía" Carazo, en época de postrera (octubre diciembre de 1991), en suelos jóvenes de origen volcánico, con altos contenidos de carbono orgánico y alto porcentaje de saturación de bases, ricos en potasio y en algunos sectores deficiente en fósforo (1.5 ppm). Su textura es franca, moderadamente profundos, bien drenados y medianamente ácido a neutro. El experimento se estableció con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta diferencial de siete variedades de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a dosis creciente de fertilizantes (N+P) utilizando como fuente la formula completa 18-48-0 El diseño utilizado fue Bloque Complete al Azar (BCA) con arreglo bifactorial con tres repeticiones, la parcelas las constituyeron seis surcos separados a 5O cm y con una longitud de 5 m., las parcelas útiles fueron los cuatro surcos centrales de cuatro metros de largo y las evaluaciones realizadas fueron: altura de planta, diámetro del tallo, número de plantas cosechadas por parcela útil, número de vaina por planta, número de grano por vaina peso de 100 granos, rendimiento de granos 14% de humedad y análisis foliar. Los resultados indican que el rendimiento de grano no mostró diferencias estadísticas significativas tanto para variedades como para los niveles de fertilizantes (N+P), sin embargo, podemos señalar que todas las variedades superaron numéricamente al testigo Rev-79, presentando el mayor promedio la DOR-391. En cuanto a los niveles, también presentaron diferencias numéricas obteniendo el mayor promedio el testigo (cero aplicación), lo cual indica que en el suelo se encontraban suficiente nutrientes para satisfacer la demanda de la planta.