The paribhasas arthavadgrahane nanarthakasya, laksanapratipadoktayoh pratipadoktasyaiva grahanam and ekadesavikrtam ananyavat : Studies on some Metarules in Paninian system

In his grammatical treatise, the Astadhyayi, Panini includes sutras that state guiding rules for the right interpretation and application of his other directly grammatical sutras. These sutras are called paribhasas. In addition to these paribhasas, the various commentaries on Panini frequently invoke supplementary paribhasas which are not stated explicitly in his Astadhyayi. These paribhasas have been a subject of study since early times after Panini and have also occupied modern scholars on Panini s grammar. In regard to most of them, it remains unsettled even today whether they are used in the Astadhyayi, where they apply, what is their role, and whether they are necessary in arriving at the desired grammatical form. Some scholars go even further and argue that none of such paribhasas were intended by Panini. This study aims to settle this question by dealing with three such of these paribhasas individually considering all the information available in the commentaries in their regard and examining the cases in which, according to commentaries, the paribhasas apply. I select the paribhasas arthavadgrahane nanarthakasya, laksanapratipadoktayoh pratipadoktasyaiva grahanam and ekadesavikrtam ananyavat, which are all considered nyayasiddha or lokanyayasiddha; they express logical and obvious principles which are found in daily life. On this basis, Paniniyas explain why Panini did not mention them in the Astadhyayi. I discuss each paribhasa separately and all the issues it involves. I present and explain the cases where the specified paribhasas are invoked in the major commentaries, the Mahabhasya, the Kasika and the Siddhantakaumudi and the arguments found in the commentaries concerning these cases. If available, I supply other solutions to the difficulties for which these paribhasas are invoked. The study aims to make the issue of these paribhasas clearer, which will help us to reach a solution to the key question, that is, whether Panini has presupposed them in his Astadhyayi. My study shows that Panini has presupposed the paribhasa ekadesavikrtam ananyavat (or a similar principle). He also may have used the paribhasa arthavadgrahane nanarthakasya (or a similar principle) as this paribhasa does not lead to undesired results. As for the paribhasa laksanapratipadoktayoh pratipadoktasyaiva grahanam (or a similar principle), the original scope of this paribhasa was clearly extended by later Paniniyas. Moreover, their interpretation of this paribhasa conflicts with Panini s procedure. If Panini has used this paribhasa, he has used it in a very limited way.

Väitöskirja käsittelee Astadhyayita, sanskritin kielen kieliopillista tekstiä, jonka kirjoitti muinainen sanskritin kieliopin asiantuntija, Panini. Kommentaattorit hänen jälkeensa mainitsevat useita sääntöjä joiden avulla on tarkoitus selittää Astadhyain risitiriitaisuuksia. Näitä sääntöjä kutsutaan paribhasoiksi. Jo pian Paninin jälkeen kommentaattorit epäilivät, onko Panini todella käyttänyt näitä sääntöjä Astadhyaissaan. Parin viime vuosisadan aikana jotkut tutkijat ovat väittäneet, ettei Panini käyttänyt yhtään niistä säännöistä, kun taas toiset ovat sitä mieltä että hän käytti niistä joitakin. Tässä väitöskirjassa käsittelen kolmea näistä säännöistä. Tutkin kaikkea kommentaareista löytyvää niihin liittyvää tietoa ja pyrin vastaamaan kysymykseen siitä, käyttikö Panini niitä Astadhyaissaan.