Cerveza 0,0, refrescos `zeroï y productos light.

Artículo que muestra el uso de las cifras en la publicidad, en algunos casos de forma engañosa. La cerveza sin alcohol, o los refrescos y productos light son algunos de los ejemplos en los que la aritmética juega un papel importante, el cual se expone desde un punto de vista matemático.

Pressupostos 2001 i dèficit zero. 'Presupuestos 2001 y déficit cero'.

El artículo analiza la política presupuestaria del MEC una vez hechas las transferencias y traspasos desde la Administración Central a las diecisiete CCAA en materia de educación. También analiza el presupuesto 2001 del Departament d'Ensenyament. Lo hace comparándolo con el presupuesto total de la Generalitat y con el PIB.

El projecte educatiu de barri en un entorn socioeconòmic desfavorit : des de zero anys fins a l'escola d'adults. 'El proyecto educativo de barrio en un entorno socioeconómico desfavorecido : desde cero años hasta la escuela de adultos'.

Resumen basado en el de la autora

El Grupo Zero.

Se hace un breve repaso de la historia del Grupo Zero desde sus inicios en 1975, presentando las líneas básicas de su trabajo, entre las cuales destaca la búsqueda de maneras que permitan al alumnado vivir la actividad matemática en contextos o situaciones significativas, en un ambiente de trabajo que favorezca su implicación en el propio aprendizaje. También se valora la pertenencia al Grupo Zero como una ocasión excepcional de autoformación en la propia aula.

SF e Animé : os Monstros Encantadores do Ground Zero

O fascínio do poder de dotar de vida ao que está inanimado talvez possa ajudar a revelar o encanto que sentimos quando os objectos fixos se começam a mover e a desenvolver coreografias cheias de vida. Na animé, a técnica do desenho tornou-se o processo ideal para explorar estes temas por ser mais fácil desenhar figuras monstruosas do que construir personagens, naves ou cenários futuristas para o cinema live-action. Após a II Grande Guerra, no momento inicial da reconstrução do Japão, o Ground Zero, coincide com o desenvolvimento de uma cultura pop na qual os desenhos manga e a animé se tornaram referências fundamentais. Iremos verificar como uma das importantes particularidades de séries de animação japonesa é a exploração de imaginários SF onde o atómico é encanto monstruoso, que se controla ou pelo qual se é controlado. Dando especial destaque às séries de televisão Prince Planet (Sato Okura, 1965), Gigantor (Mitsuteru Yokoyama, 1963) ou Astro Boy (Osamu Tezuka, 1963), iremos demonstrar que pela componente técnica ou visual da animação a animé é um modelo específico de estudo para tentar contextualizar a atracção humana por mundos controlados por máquinas, pela manipulação genética ou pela possibilidade de uma paisagem cyborg.

La relación entre lo político y lo estético en el teatro quiteño: estudio de caso de 7 grupos Malayerba, Zero no Zero, Cronopio, Patio de Comedias, Contraelviento, Callejón del Agua y Espada de Madera

Tiene por objetivo analizar la relación existente entre lo político y lo estético en el teatro quiteño. Dicha relación la quiero analizar a partir de constatar los cambios producidos en el teatro quiteño luego de la década de los noventa, cambios cuyo eje básico, a mi modo de ver, se expresa en el paso del fevor de lo político-militante hacía temas más teatrales. Para el momento actual, es posible ver ya qué forma fueron tomando y por dónde se fueron resolviendo las inquietudes que llevan a los teatreros a plantearse ese cambio de perspectiva. Para enfrentar la pregunta citada voy a hacer un análisis de los montajes de los espectáculos desarrollados en el año 2007 de los siguientes grupos teatrales quiteños: Zero no Zero, Cronopio, Elenco del Patio de Comedias, Malayerba, Contraelviento, Callejón del Agua y Espada de Madera. Dicho análisis lo hago a partir de revisar el contexto en el que se desarrollan y apoyándome del cuestionario desarrollado por Patrice Pavis en su libro El análisis de los espectáculos. Para analizar la relación entre lo político y lo estético en el teatro en Quito que se evidencia en los montajes actuales, voy a desarrollar las categorías teóricas que Javier Sanjinés elabora, a partir de las reflexiones de Walter Benjamin, para indagar lo nacional en Bolivia en las artes visuales. Cruzo dichas categorías con las reflexiones de Augusto Boal en el libro El Teatro del Oprimido para así completar un cuerpo teórico que me permita encontrar la relación entre lo político y lo estético en el teatro.

California's Endangered Belding’s Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi): Tolerance of Pedestrian Disturbance

Salt marshes constitute habitat islands for many endemic animal species, particularly along the California coast, where urban sprawl has fragmented this habitat. Recreational activities in salt marshes have increased recently, posing an interesting problem: how do endemic species lacking alternative habitat modify their tolerance to humans? We assessed seasonal and site variations in three tolerance parameters (distances at which animals became alert, fled, and moved after fleeing) of California's endangered Belding’s Savannah Sparrow ((Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi). We approached individuals on trails in three salt marshes with different levels of vehicle and pedestrian traffic. Belding’s Savannah Sparrows became aware and fled at shorter distances in the salt marsh coincident with greater levels of recreational activity as a result of habituation or visual obstruction effects. Seasonal effects in tolerance varied between sites. Alert and flight initiation distances were higher in the pre-nesting than in the non-breeding season in the site with the highest levels of recreational use likely due to greater exposure of breeding individuals; however, the opposite seasonal trend was found in each of the two sites with relatively lower human use, probably because individuals were less spatially attached in the non-breeding season when they foraged in aggregations. Distance fled was greater in the non-breeding than in the breeding season. Our findings call for dynamic management of recreational activities in different salt marshes depending on the degree of exposure to humans and seasonal variations in tolerance. We recommend a minimum approaching distance of 63 m and buffer areas of 1.3 ha around Belding's Savannah Sparrows.

The counterpropagating Rossby wave perspective on Kelvin Helmholtz instability as a limiting case of a Rayleigh shear layer with zero width

The Kelvin Helmholtz (KH) problem, with zero stratification, is examined as a limiting case of the Rayleigh model of a single shear layer whose width tends to zero. The transition of the Rayleigh modal dispersion relation to the KH one, as well as the disappearance of the supermodal transient growth in the KH limit, are both rationalized from the counterpropagating Rossby wave perspective.

Improvements to the accuracy of measurements of NO2 by zenith-sky visible spectrometers II: errors in zero using a more complete chemical model

Using a flexible chemical box model with full heterogeneous chemistry, intercepts of chemically modified Langley plots have been computed for the 5 years of zenith-sky NO2 data from Faraday in Antarctica (65°S). By using these intercepts as the effective amount in the reference spectrum, drifts in zero of total vertical NO2 were much reduced. The error in zero of total NO2 is ±0.03×1015 moleccm−2 from one year to another. This error is small enough to determine trends in midsummer and any variability in denoxification between midwinters. The technique also suggests a more sensitive method for determining N2O5 from zenith-sky NO2 data.

Phylogenetic variation in the tolerance and uptake of organic contaminants

An investigation into the phylogenetic variation of plant tolerance and the root and shoot uptake of organic contaminants was undertaken. The aim was to determine if particular families or genera were tolerant of, or accumulated organic pollutants. Data were collected from sixty-nine studies. The variation between experiments was accounted for using a residual maximum likelihood analysis to approximate means for individual taxa. A nested ANOVA was subsequently used to determine differences at a number of differing phylogenetic levels. Significant differences were observed at a number of phylogenetic levels for the tolerance to TPH, the root concentration factor and the shoot concentration factor. There was no correlation between the uptake of organic pollutants and that of heavy metals. The data indicate that plant phylogeny is an important influence on both the plant tolerance and uptake of organic pollutants. If this study can be expanded, such information can be used when designing plantings for phytoremediation or risk reduction during the restoration of contaminated sites.

Zinc tolerance in wheat cultivars as affected by varying levels of phosphorus

The effect of zinc-phosphorus (Zn-P) interaction on Zn efficiency of six wheat cultivars was studied. The higher dry matter yields were observed when Zn was applied at 5 mu g g(-1) soil than with no Zn application. Phosphorus applications also increased dry matter yield up to the application of 25 mu g P g(-1) soil. The dry matter yield was significantly lower at the P rate of 250 mu g g(-1) soil. At the Zn-deficient level, the Zn-efficient cultivars had higher Zn concentrations in the shoots. Zinc concentrations in all cultivars increased when the P level in the soil was increased from 0 to 25 mu g P g(-1) soil except for the cv. Durati, in which Zn concentrations decreased with increases in P levels. However, when ZnxP interactions were investigated, it was observed that at a Zn-deficient level, Zn concentrations in the plant shoot decreased with each higher level of P, and more severe Zn deficiency was observed at P level of 250 mu g g(-1) soil.

Tolerance of ruminant animals to high dose in-feed administration of a selenium-enriched yeast

The objective of the study was to determine if there were adverse effects on animal health and performance when a range of ruminant animals species were fed at least 10 times the maximum permitted European Union (EU) selenium (Se) dietary inclusion rate (0.568 mg Se/kg DM) in the form of selenium enriched yeast (SY) derived from a specific strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3060. In a series of studies, dairy cows, beef cattle, calves and lambs were offered either a control diet which contained no Se supplement or a treatment diet which contained the same basal feed ingredients plus a SY supplement which increased total dietary Se from 0.15 to 6.25, 0.20 to 6.74, 0.15 to 5.86 and 0.14 to 6.63 mg Se/kg DM, respectively. The inclusion of the SY supplement (P < 0.001) increased whole blood Se concentrations, reaching maximum mean values of 716, 1,505, 1,377, and 724 ng Se/mL for dairy cattle, beef cattle, calves and lambs, respectively. Selenomethionine accounted for 10% of total whole blood Se in control animals whereas the proportion in SY animals ranged between 40 and 75%. Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activity was higher (P < 0.05) in SY animals when compared with controls. A range of other biochemical and hematological parameters were assessed, but few differences of biological significance were established between treatments groups. There were no differences between treatment groups within each species with regard to animal physical performance or overall animal health. It was concluded that there were no adverse effects on animal health, performance and voluntary feed intake to the administration of at least ten times the EU maximum, or approximately twenty times the US FDA permitted concentration of dietary Se in the form of SY derived from a specific strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3060.

Developmental changes in the germinability, desiccation tolerance, hardseededness, and longevity of individual seeds of Trifolium ambiguum

Background and Aims: Using two parental clones of outcrossing Trifolium ambiguum as a potential model system, we examined how during seed development the maternal parent, number of seeds per pod, seed position within the pod, and pod position within the inflorescence influenced individual seed fresh weight, dry weight, water content, germinability, desiccation tolerance, hardseededness, and subsequent longevity of individual seeds. Methods: Near simultaneous, manual reciprocal crosses were carried out between clonal lines for two experiments. Infructescences were harvested at intervals during seed development. Each individual seed was weighed and then used to determine dry weight or one of the physiological behaviour traits. Key Results: Whilst population mass maturity was reached at 33–36 days after pollination (DAP), seed-to-seed variation in maximum seed dry weight, when it was achieved, and when maturation drying commenced, was considerable. Individual seeds acquired germinability between 14 and 44 DAP, desiccation tolerance between 30 and 40 DAP, and the capability to become hardseeded between 30 and 47 DAP. The time for viability to fall to 50 % (p50) at 60 % relative humidity and 45 °C increased between 36 and 56 DAP, when the seed coats of most individuals had become dark orange, but declined thereafter. Individual seed f. wt at harvest did not correlate with air-dry storage survival period. Analysing survival data for cohorts of seeds reduced the standard deviation of the normal distribution of seed deaths in time, but no sub-population showed complete uniformity of survival period. Conclusions: Variation in individual seed behaviours within a developing population is inherent and inevitable. In this outbreeder, there is significant variation in seed longevity which appears dependent on embryo genotype with little effect of maternal genotype or architectural factors.

A covariate adjustment for zero-truncated approaches to estimating the size of hidden and elusive populations

In this paper we consider the estimation of population size from onesource capture–recapture data, that is, a list in which individuals can potentially be found repeatedly and where the question is how many individuals are missed by the list. As a typical example, we provide data from a drug user study in Bangkok from 2001 where the list consists of drug users who repeatedly contact treatment institutions. Drug users with 1, 2, 3, . . . contacts occur, but drug users with zero contacts are not present, requiring the size of this group to be estimated. Statistically, these data can be considered as stemming from a zero-truncated count distribution.We revisit an estimator for the population size suggested by Zelterman that is known to be robust under potential unobserved heterogeneity. We demonstrate that the Zelterman estimator can be viewed as a maximum likelihood estimator for a locally truncated Poisson likelihood which is equivalent to a binomial likelihood. This result allows the extension of the Zelterman estimator by means of logistic regression to include observed heterogeneity in the form of covariates. We also review an estimator proposed by Chao and explain why we are not able to obtain similar results for this estimator. The Zelterman estimator is applied in two case studies, the first a drug user study from Bangkok, the second an illegal immigrant study in the Netherlands. Our results suggest the new estimator should be used, in particular, if substantial unobserved heterogeneity is present.