Efeitos in vitro de metabólitos acumulados na deficiência da acil-CoA desidrogenase de cadeia média (MCAD) sobre parâmetros do metabolismo energético em córtex cerebral de ratos jovens

A deficiência da desidrogenase de acilas de cadeia média (MCAD) é o mais freqüente erro inato da oxidação de ácidos graxos. Os indivíduos afetados por esse distúrbio apresentam-se sintomáticos durante períodos de descompensação metabólica, caracterizado pelo acúmulo de ácidos graxos de cadeia média (AGCM), particularmente os ácidos octanóico (AO), decanóico (AD) e cis-4-decenóico (AcD). Durante as crises, os pacientes apresentam hipoglicemia hipocetótica, hipotonia, rabdomiólise, edema cerebral e, finalmente, entram em coma, podendo ter um desenlace fatal. O tratamento de urgência é baseado na infusão de glicose nos pacientes durante as crises, enquanto uma dieta rica em carboidratos e pobre em gorduras é recomendada nos períodos fora das crises. Uma parte considerável dos pacientes que sobrevivem às crises apresenta um grau variável de manifestações neurológicas. Entretanto, os mecanismos responsáveis pelos sintomas neurológicos da deficiência de MCAD são praticamente desconhecidos. No presente estudo avaliamos a influência dos principais metabólitos acumulados na deficiência de MCAD, os ácidos AO, AD e AcD, e , em alguns casos, também de seus derivados de carnitina e glicina, sobre as atividades de enzimas importantes do metabolismo energético em córtex cerebral de ratos Wistar de 30 dias de vida. AO, AD, AcD e octanoilcarnitina inibiram a atividade da Na+, K+-ATPase, com ênfase ao AcD, o inibidor mais potente da atividade da enzima. Além disso, verificamos que a co-incubação do AO com glutationa (GSH) ou trolox (vitamina E solúvel) evitou seu efeito inibitório sobre a atividade da enzima. A inibição da enzima pelo AcD foi também prevenida quando o mesmo foi co-incubado com as enzimas catalase (CAT) e superóxido dismutase (SOD) juntas, mas não com GSH. Além disso, AO, AD e AcD aumentaram a lipoperoxidação em homogeneizados de córtex cerebral de ratos, medidos por quimioluminescência e TBA-RS. Tais resultados sugerem que esses metabólitos inibiram a atividade da Na+, K+-ATPase via radicais livres. Observamos ainda que somente AD e AcD inibiram atividades dos complexos da cadeia respiratória, ao contrário do AO que não teve qualquer ação sobre essas atividades. Enquanto o AD diminuiu somente a atividade do complexo IV a uma concentração muito alta (3 mM), o AcD diminuiu as atividades dos complexos II, II-III e IV dentro da faixa de concentrações encontrada na deficiência de MCAD (0,25-0,5 mM). Além disso, AO, AD e AcD inibiram a produção de CO2 a aprtir de glicose e acetato radiativos como substratos, indicando uma inibição do ciclo de Krebs. No entanto, somente AD e AcD reduziram a produção de CO2 a partir de citrato, enquanto AO não alterou a mesma. Além disso, nenhum dos três metabólitos testados alterou a atividade da citrato sintase. Demonstramos ainda que o AcD reduziu as atividades da creatinaquinase mitocondrial e citosólica, mas em uma concentração muito alta não encontrada na deficiência de MCAD. Este efeito não foi evitado por GSH, vitamina C+E ou L-NAME, sugerindo que o mesmo deve ter ocorrido via mecanismo distinto do estresse oxidativo. AcD foi o inibidor mais potente das atividades enzimáticas testadas neste trabalho, indicando que deve ser o metabólito de maior toxicidade nesta doença, ao menos no que se refere ao comprometimento do metabolismo energético. Espera-se que nossos resultados possam contribuir para um melhor entendimento dos mecanismos responsáveis pelos sintomas neurológicos envolvidos na deficiência de MCAD.

Neww challenges in the luxury universe: an exploratory study of the concept of luxury experience in the Brazilian market from the perspective of brands and consumers: a case study of Pati Piva.

Luxury has evolved over the centuries; new challenges have created questions of appropriate strategies for brands. Experience and authenticity became important aspects in the field: consumers are enjoying more material comfort and there is a trend of a cultural shift for personal fulfillment and aspiration through experience. The biggest challenge for today's luxury marketers is to not only talk to the target, but to understand how the target is shifting, while not alienating consumers and damaging the brand´s image. Considering managers and consumers perspectives separately, it would be possible to conclude that their perceptions are congruent, as many studies have presented. However, if perspectives are put together and compared, different realities could emerge. This exploratory research is based on a case study that describes both perspectives of their perception on luxury experience, consumer behavior and consumption motivations, and luxury retailing. It was developed interviews with the brand owner and 10 brand´s consumers, and also indirect observations in the brands distribution formats. In the brand perspective, the case study has shown that luxury experience involves the construction of brand experience strategy based on products, multiple retail channels, consumer engagement, personal activity, exploration of five senses and other forms. In the consumer´s perspective, results revealed that brand consumers interviwed have different luxury experience perceptions and expectations; however, what is common is that service and quality must be maintained and they reflected the overall experience. Additionally, luxury retailing influences directly the consumer´s perception that must integrate multiple channels to fulfill personal demands. The research makes contributions for both actors - brand and consumer, in the sense that translates theoretical concepts of the experience itself and tries to clarify aspects that are still unknown and explored through the exploration of ways to detect the alignment between brand and consumer expectations of the experience.

Construção de vínculos de confiança empresarial

O trabalho apresentado neste relatório tem por objetivo pesquisar a constituição e o desenvolvimento da confiança entre os empresários participantes do programa Cooperar para Competir, o qual compõe o conjunto de treinamentos oferecidos para o Arranjo Produtivo Local de Birigui pelo SEBRAE-SP em parceria com instituições locais como o Sindicato da Indústrias do Calçado e Vestuário de Birigui, o SESI de Birigui, entre outros. Em termos de metodologia, foi escolhido o método qualitativo para desenvolver uma pesquisa exploratória de estudo de caso (o Cooperar para Competir) e foram utilizadas duas técnicas de pesquisa – a entrevista aberta ou não-dirigida e a técnica de história oral. Para o seu desenvolvimento, foram estabelecidas três grandes áreas de investigação que, juntas, ofereceriam uma visão abrangente do tema analisado: a) a primeira grande área é responsável pelo estudo do contexto e da estrutura econômica do APL em geral, bem como de seus agentes presentes naquela região e suas particularidades. Nesta primeira parte são apresentadas discussões sobre clusters, sua importância e representatividade no Brasil e no mundo, bem como uma análise do cluster calçadista de Birigui de acordo com o Modelo Diamante proposto por Porter (1999); b) a segunda área abrange tanto a estrutura formal do Cooperar para Competir em cada uma das turmas quanto o processo dinâmico do curso, seus momentos críticos e as estratégias pedagógicas adotadas a cada momento em vista dos desafios. Esta parte contextualiza o programa, apresenta sua estrutura e reflete a construção das bases de cooperação em sala de aula por uma perspectiva axiológica; c) a terceira área, por fim, é caracterizada pela pesquisa de campo, quando foram investigadas as vivências, experiências e impactos dos e nos participantes do ponto de vista subjetivo e como eles entenderam os efeitos em suas vidas profissional e pessoal. As entrevistas abertas foram realizadas com dois grupos de participantes, o Grupo Graduado e o Grupo Novo, a fim entender o desenvolvimento de ambos os grupos, os resultados alcançados pelo primeiro e o efeito da suspensão do programa no segundo. Todo o processo seguido durante a pesquisa permitiu que se chegasse a inúmeras conclusões, como o porquê do sucesso do programa Cooperar para Competir – o sucesso, neste caso, reside no desenho pedagógico que atende a dimensão axiológica, ou seja, não apenas se falou de cooperação, mas se produziu cooperação ao integrar competências, interesses e valores. O programa serviu, então, como um espaço filosófico e laboratorial. Assim, o conteúdo e a sequência seguidos também tem sua importância relativizada frente as relações e a construção de algo que transcende o caráter utilitarista ou funcionalista das disciplinas. As entrevistas individuais e em grupo mostraram que se reconhecerem como iguais foi um fator gerador de confiança entre os participantes, a qual também é expressa quando estes se abrem para compreenderem o modo como os outros atribuem significados para a relação de desconfiança e confiança e passam a estabelecer um sistema de significação comum. Além disso, a consciência de sua realidade e o reconhecimento de sua responsabilidade junto a si mesmo, à sua empresa, ao projeto desenvolvido no Cooperar para Competir e à comunidade de Birigui marcam, também, a mudança do esquema mental de sapateiro para empresário.

Indicadores de qualidade na educação: aferição do valor público gerado pelas escolas com bons resultados

A teoria da criação do valor público, proposta por Mark Moore, coloca Estado, mercado e sociedade civil como esferas independentes que, juntas, devem perseguir a criação de valor público. Na educação, dentro desse marco conceitual, percebemos vários atores que influem nos resultados das escolas, desde gestores de redes até famílias e educadores. O presente estudo busca a partir de entrevistas com diversos atores verificar o quanto melhores resultados educacionais, medidos pelas avaliações educacionais ou por indicadores associados a elas, estão associadas a uma geração de valor público. Essa discussão é fundamental quando percebemos o grau de influência que hoje os indicadores exercem nas escolas. Nesse sentido, a investigação das escolas com bons resultados sob a ótica dos alunos, famílias e educadores se faz essencial para se verificar se bons indicadores estão ligados às expectativas da comunidade escolar.

Um estudo exploratório sobre a Employee Value Proposition (EVP) no mercado de seguros brasileiro

As práticas da gestão de recursos humanos acompanham a evolução na gestão do capital humano das organizações. As atividades de marketing voltadas à marca corporativa prestam serviço essencial e estratégico na identificação, formatação e divulgação da marca do empregador. Juntas as duas áreas passam a desempenhar papel solidário na atração de profissionais qualificados, reforçando e propagando a identidade corporativa aos potenciais candidatos através da EVP. A EVP, a Marca do Empregador e a Reputação do Empregador se relacionam através das práticas de recrutamento e seleção, que é área de RH que primeiro mantem contato com os potenciais candidatos e inicia a construção do contrato psicológico com o novo empregado. A marca do empregador, como a imagem da organização, é utilizada para atrair, reter e engajar as pessoas e tem a EVP como seu núcleo central. Neste estudo se identifica a prática de recrutamento e seleção como a principal conexão teórica entre a EVP, a marca do empregador e a reputação do empregador e se identifica que oportunidade como a dimensão da EVP mais relevantes para o público estudado.

A confiança interorganizacional nas compras

This research is part of the field of organizational studies, focusing on organizational purchase behavior and, specifically, trust interorganizational at the purchases. This topic is current and relevant by addressing the development of good relations between buyer-supplier that increases the exchange of information, increases the length of relationship, reduces the hierarchical controls and improves performance. Furthermore, although there is a vast literature on trust, the scientific work that deal specifically at the trust interorganizational still need further research to synthesize and validate the variables that generate this phenomenon. In this sense, this investigation is to explain the antecedents of trust interorganizational by the relationship between the variable operational performance, organizational characteristics, shared values and interpersonal relationships on purchases by manufacturing industries, in order to develop a robust literature, most consensual, that includes the current sociological and economic, considering the effect of interpersonal relationships in this phenomenon. This proposal is configured in a new vision of the antecedents of interorganizational trust, described as significant quantitative from models Morgan and Hunt (1994), Doney and Cannon (1997), Zhao and Cavusgil (2006) and Nyaga, Whipple, Lynch (2011), as well as qualitative analysis of Tacconi et al. (2011). With regard to methodological aspects, the study assumes the form of a descriptive, survey type, and causal trace theoretical and empirical. As for his nature, the investigation, explicative character, has developed a quantitative approach with the use of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling SEM, with the use of IBM software SPSS Amos 18.0, using the method of maximum verisimilitude, and supported by technical bootstraping. The unit of analysis was the buyer-supplier relationship, in which the object under investigation was the supplier organization in view of the purchasing company. 237 valid questionnaires were collected among key informants, using a simple random sampling developed in manufacturing industries (SIC 10-33), located in the city of Natal and in the region of Natal. The first results of descriptive analysis demonstrate the phenomenon of interorganizational trust, in which purchasing firms believe, feel secure about the supplier. This demonstration showed high levels of intensity, predominantly among the vendors that supply the company with materials that are used directly in the production process. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, performed on each variable alone, generated a set of observable and unobservable variables more consistent, giving rise to a model, that needed to be further specified. This again specify model consists of trajectories was positive, with a good fit, with a composite reliability and variance extracted satisfactory, and demonstrates convergent and discriminant validity, in which the factor loadings are significant and strong explanatory power. Given the findings that reinforce the model again specify data, suggesting a high probability that this model may be more suited for the study population, the results support the explanation that interorganizational trust depends on purchases directly from interpersonal relationships, sharing value and operating performance and indirectly of personal relationships, social networks, organizational characteristics, physical and relational aspect of performance. It is concluded that this trust can be explained by a set of interactions between these three determinants, where the focus is on interpersonal relationships, with the largest path coefficient for the factor under study

A sala de aula em cena: uma pesquisa em ensino do teatro a partir da experiência docente

At first moment we present a reflection about the history of theater and later a contextualization of didactic movements oriented to scenic arts. Through at the constant dialogue with authors of areas involving education, theatre, corporeality and music was possible analyzing, develop and criticize a education work under my responsibility involving fourteen classes. At the second moment will occur a critical self about the quality of theater classes his contents and methodologies. The technique will be at side of the emotion and together develop skills aimed at tracing paths for theater developed at a classroom of a especific private school in Natal-RN. At the third moment one class is chosen for analyze of the academic research and many experiments happen after this decision, initiated and sensitized through of the music with a significant look at the corporeality and prioritizing the theater as content in ninth grade - elementary school two. At the conclusion is possible see that learning is mutual and the theater can become life routine as well as the arts in general and when all arts will be regularized into the national educational system for public and private schools we will have more susceptible humans and more intellectual capacity

Efeito do Fucoidam de Fucus vesiculosus em um modelo experimental de artrite reumatóide

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is systemic auto imune disorder. It is caracterized by chronic inflammation of joints leading to progressive erosion of cartilage and bone. We investigated the effect of the administration of fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides, from algae Fucus vesiculosus in the acute (6h) in zymosan-induced arthritis (AZy). Wistar rats (180-230 g) were used for all groups experimental. Non-treated animals received just intraarticular injection of 1 mg the zymosan, control group received intraarticular injection of 50 µL the saline, groups received either fucoidan of Fucus vesiculosus (15, 30, 50 or 70 mg/Kg) or parecoxib (1 mg/Kg) 1 hour after injection of zymosan. After 6 h, the articular exudates were collected for evaluation of the cell influx and nitrite (Griess reaction) release. The sinovial membranes and articular cartilages were excised for histopathological analysis and by determination of the glycosaminoglycan (GAG), respectively. ZyA led to increased NO and cell influx into the joints. Therapeutic administration of the fucoidan or parecoxib did significantly inhibited the cell influx and the synovitis, as compared to non-treated rats (p<0,05), though being able to reduced NO release. Representative agarose gel electrophoresis of the GAGs, the content of condroitin-sulphate was observed during the process. These findings suggest that the fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus has potential anti-inflammatory activity

Seleção de categorias da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde para avaliação do paciente com acidente vascular cerebral em reabilitação

Stroke represents the first cause of disabilities among adults. Although different professions work together in treatment of stroke patients, all they use different terminologies for the description of the patients problems and it can constitute an impediment in the communication between the staff members. Thus, the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary work would be facilitated if using a reference common tool, as the new International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). However, the ICF is very extensive and complex and due to its complexity, it has been evidenced the necessity to select its categories to become it more practical. The aim of the study was to investigate which categories of the ICF are more suitable to evaluate and to describe the stroke patient in the view of teachers and municipal public health professionals. It was a descriptive research, which involved 5 professors and 11 professionals of Physiotherapy that have worked at the health public area in Natal / RN. It was used the Delphi Technique in 3 rounds and the Likert Scale to select the categories among the ICF components. As result, from the 362 IFC categories, 94 were selected. The selected categories correspond to rehabilitative characteristics of Stroke patients in the universe of the Physiotherapy performance. The methodology applied was suitable to the studied object emphasizing the necessity of future studies for validation of the chosen categories

A transformação da Associação de Professores do Rio Grande do Norte (APRN) em Sindicato dos Trabalhadores em Educação (1986-1990)

El estudo que ahora apresentamos habla a respecto ala transformaçión de la Asociación de maestros del Rio Grande del Norte (APRN en sindicato de los trabajadores en educación (SINTE) en el período de 1986 1990. Tratase basicamiente de las razones que llebaran historicamente la APRN la reorganizar sus luchas, su cultura política y el su movimiento reivindicatório; que impulsionaran la construción del próprio sindicato el único de la categoria, após el regime militar em el país especialmente en el gobierno Sarney, y en el ánbito estadual com la resistência la política econômica y la repreción policial del gobierno Geraldo Melo, la época. El estudo también apunta algunas caraterísticas marcantes del contexto histórico de la educación nacional, enfatizando la asención de la escuela nueva en el Brasil en las décadas de 1920 y 1930, inclusive delante del movimiento sindical, controlado por el gobierno Vargas que tênia uma praetica corporativista. Es importante decir que esas características estavan juntas del contexto local, en el rato en que se percebia la primer gestan del prof Anfilóquio Cámara, como el primer presidente de la APRN, al partir de la su fundación (1920), y que tênia um relacionamento bastante estrecho com el poder público estadual de caráter liberal. Habia una discución sobre la abertura política y la atuación política de las clases médias brasileñas ya em 1979, y al mismo tiempo analisabase el desencandeamiento del nuevo sindicalismo en el ABC Paulista, mientras uno movimiento sindical, autônomo y democrático que tênia el objetivo de juntar lãs luchas de los operários dentro y fuera de las fábricas reivindicando basicamiente: la redución de la jornada del trabajo, reajuste de sueldo y condición del trabajo, bien como lãs sus consecuencias para el movimiento de los educadores potigurares. Al hacer en septembre de 1989, el sindicato de los trabajadores en educación del Rio Grande del Norte se desvincula definitivamiente de uma estructura sindical vertical (tradicional), que la ex-APRN herdo al longo de su História del gobierno Vargas, siempre controlada pelo Estado y que en las décadas de 1980 y 1990 fue fortalecido por la CNTE (Confederación Nacional de los Trabajadores en la, educación), principalmente, a partir del Congreso Nacional de Unificación de los Trabajadores en la Educación, realizado en Aracaju/SE em el período de 25 a 28 de enero de 1990 en el sentido tambien de las sus principais reivindicaciones: escuela pública, gratuita y de cualidades en todos los pasos, verbas públicas solamiente para las escuelas públicas, reposición de los reajustes de sueldo, condición del trabajo, sueldo unificado nacional y la eradicación del analfabetismo

A interação nas distâncias: a análise de um processo

Education and technology have always walked side by side. The Information and Communication Technologies are inserted in education as a profile of people from the new era. This research has the objective of understanding the insertion of the use of the Technologies of Information and Communication within the educational context, from the analysis of the process of interactivity among students and teachers of the Portuguese distance course of the Tiradentes University (Unit). For such, the empiric investigation was based on the analysis of academic documents, such as: the Course Pedagogical Project and Class Planning of regular classes, in regular classrooms, as well as interviews, focal groups, and pictures with people who live the history of the course. Direct observations were also conducted. The methodology applied was bibliographic and qualitative research of the exploratory type, using the information that was collected through the interviews. The results of this research demonstrated that the interaction promoted by the ICT represents a process of social change, and therefore, of development for education. It was concluded that the Distance Education has to overcome some fragilities, aiming at contributing to the educational field and to the promotion of interactions among students

Efeitos individuais e interativos da diversidade de detritos, contexto e variabilidade ambiental sobre a magnitude e estabilidade do processo de decomposição

Studies on the effects of changes in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning have been a central theme in ecology over the past two decades. Several studies have showed that the diversity of plant debris differently affects the decomposition process in aquatic and terrestrial environments, but we know very about the effects of detritus diversity on decomposition under fluctuating environmental conditions. We tested whether and how the environmental contexts, as well as the dynamic of their alternation, influence the effects of detritus diversity on the decomposition process. We performed a field experiment where we manipulate the litter diversity of 8 species of terrestrial plants decomposing (litterbags) in single and in mixture containing the eight species together in three different environmental contexts: the terrestrial environment (T), aquatic (A) and interface (I) - experimental treatment that simulates variation in flooding regime. We measured the rate of decomposition through the loss of mass of the community and each individual detritus in monocultures and mixtures. Species richness and environmental variability had no effects on the magnitude and stability of the decomposition process. However, there were significant diversity effects on the decomposition of an individual alien species, F. benjamina. Environmental context had significant effects on the magnitude and variability of decomposition. Detritus decomposition was faster and more variable on aquatic, interface and terrestrial conditions, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the diversity of plant detritus has minor effects to the decomposition across disparate environmental conditions and suggest that it is necessary to consider the potential of other abiotic factors in affect the magnitude and variability of the decomposition processes

Interspecific interaction between Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) and Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

A díade saberes e práticas docentes : um estudo de suas inter-relações

This study The Dyad of knowledge and teaching practices: an inter-relational study deals with the relationship between conceptual knowledge on behalf of the teachers and their teaching practices. The research aims to investigate the relations amongst conceptual meanings related to the professor and the practices of three (03) Fundamental Cycle public schools teachers in Natal-Brazil. Thus, a collaborative research of qualitative nature was performed by us. It was based on collaboration and critical reflection, as well as the socialhistorical theoretical methodological principles of Ferreira (2009). This was acknowledged as an analytical support for the reflections that were realized on concepts related to teachers and teaching considering the archeology on these concepts. The methodological procedures and tools we used consisted of Formative Autobiographies, Reflexive Study, Collaborative Observation, as well as some Reflexive Sessions. The analysis framework was based on information obtained by these methodological procedures as well as the critical collaborative and reflexive procedures. The studies permitted us to widen our knowledge related to the conceptual meaning of teaching and teachers. But it was not always possible for us to (re)elaborate these meanings in the conceptual phase. This was only possible to understand once our Formative Autobiographies were analyzed. They reveal that the concept elaboration process is not a part of our own formative path. The time that was dedicated to that proved to not be enough. The concept elaboration process demands time, effort as well as life-long learning skills. This is not always possible to achieve in this part of the study, on the other hand, this was possible to acknowledge that in the different stages of our conceptual elaboration. The teaching practices that we analyzed were predominantly heterogeneous and were fundamented on meanings of concepts related to teachers and teaching, that were internalized beforehand, (re)elaborated according to the conflicted and contradictory situations. The reflexive and collaborative process that we experimented during the Reflexive Sessions pointed out the predominance of technical and practical reflection process. In some moments it was possible for us to critically reflect on teaching practices due to the collaborative mode that we experienced. The importance of collaboration for teaching formation and professional development of behalf of teachers in general is pointed out by this research. Also regarding this research it was possible to see that there was personal and professional growth, experiencing learning together to collaborative reflect, as well as to counter-argument, reformulate concepts and conceptions aiming to transform our teaching practice

PLANFOR: política compensatória para a inclusão na informalidade?

Study about the national politics on the professional education, under responsibility of the brazilian Work Department in 1990 years. Purposes to apprehend the results of the actions of the professional education in a basic level, offered by the National Plan of the worker qualification ( PLANFOR ), as well as the effects on the assisted exits, starting from the experience appreciated on the Plan of Qualification developed in the state of Maranhão between 1996 to 2000. It adopts a theoretical-methodological conception by an ontological nature, if being worth of categories as the one of totality and of mediation that together, makes possible the apprehension of a dialectical movement that happens among the analysis object, the professional education politics in a basic level, performed by PLANFOR and your context, the underdevelop and heterogeneous Brazilian capitalism and the consequent job market generalized precarious and informal, making possible that the reality investigated become to understood rationally. This paper uses the indirect documentation technique, instruments of the bibliographical research and documental research. This study is based on those that aren´t part of PLANFOR, qualified by professional education courses in basic level,they didn't get to be inserts at the formal job market, just occupying precarious occupations in the informal job market. Aims to presents and discusses the productive process and your restructuring globally in progress. It focuses at the impacts on the workers, the precariousness of the work that appears like a new phenomenon calls new informality. Talks about the particularity process of productive restructuring assumed in Brazil highlights, showing that the informality, was always a structural phenomenon in the country. Discusses about the professional qualification in the contemporary capitalism, specifying some of your theses. Shows in a historical view the process of appearance of the employment notions and competence, and the influence that it exercised on the reforms of the basic and professional education, as well as the implications of both in the politics of professional education in the country. Rescues the process of creation of PLANFOR, your official formulations and your organized bases, starting from the second half of the 1990 decade. Shows yet the continuos changes in the job market of Maranhão state, for after, starting from the reports expresses at the Plans of Qualification from the state, elaborated by the Group of Evaluation and Studies of the Poverty and the Politics addressed to the poverty from the Master degree Program in Public Politics, from the Federal University of Maranhão, analyzing the acting of PLANFOR in the State, your probable deficiencies, as results the changes verified in the conditions of occupation and the gains of the exits from the professional education courses in basic level