990 resultados para Food crops.


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Parasitic infection is highly prevalent throughout the developing countries of the world. Food handlers are a potential source of infection for many intestinal parasites and other enteropathogenic infections as well. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite carriers among food handlers attending the public health center laboratory in Sari, Northern Iran for annual check-up. The study was performed from August 2011 through February 2012. Stool samples were collected from 1041 male and female food handlers of different jobs aged between 18 to 63 years and were examined following standard procedures. Sociodemographic, environmental and behavioral data analysis of the food handlers were recorded in a separate questionnaire. Intestinal parasites were found in 161 (15.5%) of the studied samples. Seven species of protozoan or helminth infections were detected. Most of the participants were infected with Giardia lamblia (53.9%) followed by Blastocystis hominis (18%), Entamoeba coli (15.5%), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (5.5%), Cryptosporidium sp. (3.1%), Iodamoeba butschlii (3.1%) and Hymenolepis nana (1.9%) as the only helminth infection. The findings emphasized that food handlers with different pathogenic organisms may predispose consumers to significant health risks. Routine screening and treatment of food handlers is a proper tool in preventing food-borne infections.

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Vibrio cholerae represents a significant threat to human health in developing countries. This pathogen forms biofilms which favors its attachment to surfaces and its survival and transmission by water or food. This work evaluated the in vitro biofilm formation of V. cholerae isolated from clinical and environmental sources on stainless steel of the type used in food processing by using the environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Results showed no cell adhesion at 4 h and scarce surface colonization at 24 h. Biofilms from the environmental strain were observed at 48 h with high cellular aggregations embedded in Vibrio exopolysaccharide (VPS), while less confluence and VPS production with microcolonies of elongated cells were observed in biofilms produced by the clinical strain. At 96 h the biofilms of the environmental strain were released from the surface leaving coccoid cells and residual structures, whereas biofilms of the clinical strain formed highly organized structures such as channels, mushroom-like and pillars. This is the first study that has shown the in vitro ability of V. cholerae to colonize and form biofilms on stainless steel used in food processing.

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Food allergy (FA) prevalence data in infants and preschool-age children are sparse, and proposed risk factors lack confirmation. In this study, 19 children’s day care centers (DCC) from 2 main Portuguese cities were selected after stratification and cluster analysis. An ISAAC’s (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) derived health questionnaire was applied to a sample of children attending DCCs. Outcomes were FA parental report and anaphylaxis. Logistic regression was used to explore potential risk factors for reported FA. From the 2228 distributed questionnaires, 1217 were included in the analysis (54.6%). Children’s median age was 3.5 years, and 10.8% were described as ever having had FA. Current FA was reported in 5.7%. Three (0.2%) reports compatible with anaphylaxis were identified. Reported parental history of FA, personal history of atopic dermatitis, and preterm birth increased the odds for reported current FA. A high prevalence of parental-perceived FA in preschool-age children was identified. Risk factor identification may enhance better prevention.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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Dissertação para a obtenção de grau de doutor em Ciências da Engenharia e Tecnologia

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Química e Bioquímica

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

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The use of natural pigments instead of synthetic colourants is receiving growing interest in the food industry. In this field, cactus pears (Opuntia spp.) have been identified to be a promising betalainic crops covering a wide coloured spectrum. The aim of this work was to develop adequate clean and mild methodologies for the isolation and encapsulation of betacyanins, from cactus pear fruits (Opuntia spp.). Firstly, two different emerging technologies, namely PLE (Pressurized Liquid Extraction) and HPCDAE (High Pressure Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Extraction), were exploited to isolation of betacyanins form cactus pear fruits. Different process conditions were tested for the maximum recovery of betacyanins. Results showed that highest extraction yields were achieved for HPCDAE and mass ratio of pressurized carbon dioxide vs. acidified water was the parameter that most affected the betacyanins extraction. At optimum conditions of HPCDAE, Opuntia spp. extract presented a total betacyanin content of 211 ± 10 mg/100 g whereas extracts obtained using conventional extraction, PLE in static and in dynamic mode presented a total betacyanin content of 85 ± 3, 191 ± 2 and 153 ± 5 mg/100 g, respectively. HPCDAE has proven to be a successful technology to extract betacyanins from Opuntia spp. fruits. Afterward, Supercritical Fluid Technology was exploited to develop lipidic particles of betalain-rich extract. A betacyanin-rich conventional extract was encapsulated by PGSS® (Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions) technique. Different process conditions were tested in order to model the encapsulation of betacyanins. The pressure had a negative effect on betacyanin encapsulation. Lower pressures leads to an increase in the betacyanin encapsulation. This effect was more pronounced at higher temperatures and lower equilibrium time. At these conditions, Opuntia spp. particles presented 64.4 ± 4.5 mg/100 g and high antioxidant capacity. When compared with the Opuntia spp. dried extract, lipidic particles contributed to a better homogenization of the pink colour after incorporation in ice cream.

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INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to confirm the identification of Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus isolated from clinical and food samples by PCR-RFLP. METHODS: Fifty-two strains identified by conventional biochemical exams were submitted to PCR amplification and digested with HinfI. Only 20 (38.5%) of the 52 strains showed a DNA pattern expected for E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus. RESULTS: Analysis of the results of this study showed that E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus are occasionally erroneously identified and confirmed the potential application of 16S rDNA analysis for accurate identification of these species. CONCLUSIONS: A correct identification is important to distinguish between intrinsic and acquired vancomycin resistance.