Diferenciais de mortalidade adulta por nível de escolaridade no Brasil e regiões

The study of mortality by various differentials has been an important tool to guide public health policies, due to better describing the events of deaths in a population. This research aims to seek disparities in mortality according to educational level, sex and adulthood in large Brazilian regions and consequently for Brazil as a whole. A vast literature has shown that people with more education tend to have lower risk of death. Studies on inequalities in mortality by level of education in Brazil are still very specific and has still known very little about Brazil about mortality according to educational level, due to lack of information about the well-filled school in the records of deaths arising from the Mortality Information System (MIS) of the Ministry of Health. This data source has shown improvement in the coverage of sub reports in the last decade, however, it has still perceived negligence in completing the question regarding schooling of death (about 30% of registered deaths in 2010 to Brazil, Given this scenario, this work contributes to the national literature on the behavior of adult mortality differentials having as proposed, using data from the new variable mortality of the 2010 Census (CD 2010), assuming the characteristics of education of the head the household for deaths occurring in the same. It is therefore considered that the probability of mortality is homogeneous within the household. Events of deaths were corrected only for the records come from households where the head possessed levels of schooling and Instruction Elementary Education No Incomplete and Primary Education and Secondary Education Complete Incomplete through the Generations Extinct Adjusted method. With deaths already corrected, probabilities of death were calculated between 15 and 60 years life, as well as tables by sex and level of education to all regions of Brazil. No que se refere às probabilidades de morte por idade, nas idades entre 15 e 60 anos as maiores probabilidades seguem um gradiente, maior probabilidade para os menos escolarizados. Results corroborate the literature, the more educated the population is, the greater the life expectancy. In all Brazilian regions, life expectancy of the female population is greater than that of men at all levels of schooling. With respect to probabilities of death by age between the ages of 15 and 60 years the most likely follow a gradient, most likely to the least educated. At older ages (from 70 years), this behavior has presented another pattern, the lowest level of education has the lowest odds in the regions, North, Northeast, South and Midwest, except in the Southeast region

Mortalidade segundo sua causa de morte e seus determinantes: uma análise para as capitais brasileiras e municípios do nordeste do Brasil, 2000 e 2010

This dissertation considered the development of two papers, both related to mortality in Brazil. In the first article, "The context of mortality according to the three broad groups of causes of death in Brazilian capitals, 2000 and 2010", the objective was to analyze the mortality rate according to the three major groups of causes of death in Brazilian capitals. In the second article, "Typology and characteristics of mortality from external causes in the municipalities in the Northeast of Brazil, 2000 and 2010", it was built up a typology for the Northeastern municipalities taking into account information on mortality from external causes and a set of indicators related to socioeconomic, demographic, and infrastructure aspects of such municipalities, both articles for the years 2000 and 2010. Thus, we used data from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health. Furthermore, it was used information from the Demographic Census for those years. The variables relating to socioeconomic and demographic conditions used in this study were those available on the home page of the United Nations Program for Development. The variables relating to socioeconomic and demographic conditions used in this study were those available on the home page of the United Nations Program for Development. Was used in Article 1 the pro-rata distribution method to accomplish the redistribution of ill-defined causes. Moreover, made use of the technique of cluster analysis with the aim of grouping the capital that had proportions of deaths from ill-defined causes similar to each other. Already in Section 2, we used the technique of Empirical Bayesian estimation; spatial statistics technique; and finally, the Grade of Membership method to find types of municipalities from information on mortality from external causes associated with socioeconomic, demographic and infrastructure variables. As the main results, it stands out in Article 1, in relation to data quality, we observed the formation of four groups of similar capital between themselves, as the proportion of illdefined causes. Regarding the behavior of mortality, according to the three major groups of causes of death, it was noted both for 2000 and for 2010 the prevalence of deaths from noncommunicable diseases for both sexes, although the reduction was identified rates in some of the capitals. Communicable diseases stood out as the second cause of death among women. Also, we found that deaths due to external causes are responsible for the second cause of death among men, as well as presenting an increase among women. As for the Article 2, stands out, in general, not just an extension of mortality from external causes in the municipalities, as well as an enlargement of the configurator stain existence of external cause deaths for the whole area of Northeast. Regarding the typology of municipalities, three vi extreme profiles were buit: the profile 1, which comprises municipalities with high rates of mortality from external causes and the best social indicators; the profile 2, that was composed of municipalities that are characterized by having low mortality rates from external causes and the lowest social indicators; and the profile 3, that brings together municipalities with intermediate mortality rates and median values considered in relation to social indicators. Although we have not seen changes in the characteristics of the profiles, we observed an increase in the proportion of municipalities that belong to the extreme profile 3, taking into account the mixed profiles.

Perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos nas capitais do Nordeste e a mortalidade por doenças crônico-degenerativas desse segmento populacional em Natal (RN)

Population aging is a global demographic trend. This process is a reality that merits attention and importance in recent years, and cause considerable impact in terms of greater demands on the health sector, social security and special care and attention from families and society as a whole. Thus, in the context of addressing the consequences of demographic transition, population aging is characterized as a major challenge for Brazilian society. Therefore, this study was conducted in two main objectives. In the first article, variables of socioeconomic and demographic contexts were employed to identify multidimensional profiles of elderly residents in the Northeast capitals, from specific indicators from the 2010 Census information Therefore, we used the Grade of Membership Method (GoM), whose design profiles admits that an individual belongs to different degrees of relevance to multiple profiles in order to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with living conditions of the elderly in the Northeastern capitals. The second article examined the possible relationship between mortality from chronic diseases and socio-economic indicators in the elderly population, of the 137 districts in Natal, broken down by ten-year age groups (60 to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 and over. The microdata from the Mortality Information System (SIM), was used, provided by the Health Secretariat of Christmas, and population information came from the Population Census 2010. The method refers to the Global and Local Index neighborhood logic (LISA) Moran, whose spatial distribution from the choropleth maps allowed us to analyze the mortality of the elderly by neighborhoods, according to socioeconomic and demographic indicators, according to the presence of special significance. In the first article, the results show the identification of three extreme profiles. The Profile 1 which is characterized by median socioeconomic status and contributes 35.5% of elderly residents in the area considered. The profile 2 which brings together seniors with low socioeconomic status characteristics, with a percentage of 24.8% of cases. And the Profile 3 composing elderly with features that reveal better socioeconomic conditions, about 29.7% of the elderly. Overall, the results point to poor living conditions represented by the definition of these profiles, mainly expressed by the results observed in more than half of the northeastern elderly experience a situation of social vulnerability given the large percentage that makes up the Profile 1 and Profile 2, adding 60% of the elderly. In the second article, the results show a higher proportion of elderly concentrated in the neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status, such as Petrópolis and LagoaSeca. Mortality rates, according to the causes of death and standardized by the empirical Bayesian method were distributed locally as follows: Neoplasms (Reis Santos, New Discovery, New Town, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Hypertensive diseases (Blue Lagoon, Potengi, Redinha, Reis Santos, Riverside, Lagoa Nova, Grass Soft, Neópolis and Ponta Negra); Acute Myocardial Infarction (Northeast, Guarapes and grass Soft); Cerebrovascular diseases (Petrópolis and Mother Luiza); Pneumonia (Ribeira, Praia do Meio, New Discovery, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Chronic Diseases of the Lower Way Airlines (Igapó, Northeast and Thursdays). The present findings at work may contribute to other studies on the subject and development of specific policies for the elderly.

Perfil sociodemográfico dos idosos nas capitais do Nordeste e a mortalidade por doenças crônico-degenerativas desse segmento populacional em Natal (RN)

Population aging is a global demographic trend. This process is a reality that merits attention and importance in recent years, and cause considerable impact in terms of greater demands on the health sector, social security and special care and attention from families and society as a whole. Thus, in the context of addressing the consequences of demographic transition, population aging is characterized as a major challenge for Brazilian society. Therefore, this study was conducted in two main objectives. In the first article, variables of socioeconomic and demographic contexts were employed to identify multidimensional profiles of elderly residents in the Northeast capitals, from specific indicators from the 2010 Census information Therefore, we used the Grade of Membership Method (GoM), whose design profiles admits that an individual belongs to different degrees of relevance to multiple profiles in order to identify socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with living conditions of the elderly in the Northeastern capitals. The second article examined the possible relationship between mortality from chronic diseases and socio-economic indicators in the elderly population, of the 137 districts in Natal, broken down by ten-year age groups (60 to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 and over. The microdata from the Mortality Information System (SIM), was used, provided by the Health Secretariat of Christmas, and population information came from the Population Census 2010. The method refers to the Global and Local Index neighborhood logic (LISA) Moran, whose spatial distribution from the choropleth maps allowed us to analyze the mortality of the elderly by neighborhoods, according to socioeconomic and demographic indicators, according to the presence of special significance. In the first article, the results show the identification of three extreme profiles. The Profile 1 which is characterized by median socioeconomic status and contributes 35.5% of elderly residents in the area considered. The profile 2 which brings together seniors with low socioeconomic status characteristics, with a percentage of 24.8% of cases. And the Profile 3 composing elderly with features that reveal better socioeconomic conditions, about 29.7% of the elderly. Overall, the results point to poor living conditions represented by the definition of these profiles, mainly expressed by the results observed in more than half of the northeastern elderly experience a situation of social vulnerability given the large percentage that makes up the Profile 1 and Profile 2, adding 60% of the elderly. In the second article, the results show a higher proportion of elderly concentrated in the neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status, such as Petrópolis and LagoaSeca. Mortality rates, according to the causes of death and standardized by the empirical Bayesian method were distributed locally as follows: Neoplasms (Reis Santos, New Discovery, New Town, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Hypertensive diseases (Blue Lagoon, Potengi, Redinha, Reis Santos, Riverside, Lagoa Nova, Grass Soft, Neópolis and Ponta Negra); Acute Myocardial Infarction (Northeast, Guarapes and grass Soft); Cerebrovascular diseases (Petrópolis and Mother Luiza); Pneumonia (Ribeira, Praia do Meio, New Discovery, Grass Soft and Ponta Negra); Chronic Diseases of the Lower Way Airlines (Igapó, Northeast and Thursdays). The present findings at work may contribute to other studies on the subject and development of specific policies for the elderly.

Transição demográfica e a questão educacional: uma abordagem para o ensino médio do Rio Grande do Norte

Due to demographic transition process, the educational public sector politics formers encounter a highly specific demographic situation because, nowadays, despite the demographic transition, population is still growing because of the demographic inertia; however, due to steady decline in fertility, young population tends to decrease in next years. In this way, aiming to make high school widely accessible in the country, the issue of education quality is highlighted as well the importance of the physical structure of schools and their teaching equipments to confirm a favorable or not environment for developing educational processes. In this way, this work aims to relate the enrollment of students as school types with the demand of young people who will be able to attend high school on the Rio Grande do Norte state by the year of 2020, emphasizing teaching unities structural aspects, from a school profiling to the design of three prospective alternatives. So, from INEP's Scholar Census data and IBGE population's projections, this work is composed by four stages: i) literature review about research related subjects; ii) database design and build; iii) school profiling; and, iv) prospective alternatives creation. As results, three alternatives relate potential demand and enrollment using the built profiles and they are: i) “Alternative A” attends PEE's requirements related to demands but do not provide improvements in the school structural aspects; ii) “Alternative B” points into an increase of enrollment offering to the detriment of school's structural conditions which are offered to these students; iii) “Alternative C” propitiates a quantitative enrollment increasing combined with improvements on school's physical structure. These alternatives help to support decision making related to goals and realization of universal access with physical conditions which are necessary to a favorable environment to educational activity development.

¿Fue la crisis política del Occidente musulmán del siglo XIII debida a un cambio climático? Una aproximación histórica al fin del Periodo Cálido Medieval

Durante el siglo XIII se produjo una sucesión de revueltas que supuso la desaparición del Imperio almohade y su sustitución por poderes regionales en al-Andalus, el Magreb y el Magreb al-Aqsà. La historiografía ha presentado el surgimiento y pugna entre estos poderes como un fenómeno social, político e, incluso, cultural y religioso, con el que se ha podido explicar su aniquilación o marginalización. Este trabajo pretende contextualizar los hechos desde una perspectiva medioambiental, de forma que la desintegración del califato almohade, el surgimiento de aquellos poderes y la progresión de los reinos cristianos en la península ibérica puedan entenderse desde una visión global de cambio climático y una posible crisis agrícola.

Hommat hanskassa? Maahanmuuttopolitiikkaan ja somalialaisiin turvapaikanhakijoihin liittyvä keskustelu suomalaisessa lehdistössä vuosina 1990–1991

Tutkielmani aiheena on turvapaikanhakijoihin liittyvä keskustelu suomalaisessa sanomalehdistössä vuosina 1990 ja 1991. Suomeen saapui vuonna 1990 yhteensä 2725 turvapaikanhakijaa, kun edeltävänä vuonna turvapaikkaa haki 174, mikä oli ollut siihenastinen ennätys. Valtaosa hakijoista oli somalialaisia, joista suurin osa saapui maahan Neuvostoliiton kautta. Kasvanut maahanmuutto näkyi kiivaana julkisena keskusteluna, jossa somalialaisista tehtiin ”pakolaisongelman” kasvot. Aineistoni koostuu Etelä-Suomen Sanomien, Helsingin Sanomien, Länsi-Savon sekä Turun Sanomien mielipidekirjoituksista ja uutisoinnista kesäkuulta 1990 toukokuun loppuun 1991. Turvapaikanhakijat esitettiin lehdissä uhkana, joka vaati viranomaisten hallintaa. Hallinnan kehys nousi vallitsevaksi tavaksi jäsentää maahanmuuttopolitiikkaa ja se ilmeni varsinkin monikulttuurisuuden eristämisenä. Sisäasiainministeriö pyrki nopeuttamaan turvapaikkahakemusten käsittelyä, mutta ennen kaikkea vähentämään maahantuloa rajakontrollia lisäämällä. Politiikkaa legitimoitiin laittomuuden kehyksellä, korostamalla viisumitonta eli laitonta maahantuloa. Vuoden 1990 loppupuolen uutisoinnin lisääntyminen johtui hallinnan kehyksen rakoilemisesta. Tammikuussa 1991 suomalaisten lisääntynyt ulkomaalaisvihamielisyys nosti julkisen keskustelun keskiöön myös monikulttuurisuuden lieveilmiöiden, rasismin ja syrjinnän, vastaisen kamppailun, jonka Bloemmaert ja Verschueren liittävät eristämisen ohella monikulttuurisuuden hallinnan toiseksi ulottuvuudeksi. Hallinnan teema liittyy myös lehdistön rooliin tiedonvälittäjänä. Julkisuuden portinvartijoina lehden toimitukset hallitsivat julkisuuden piirissä käytyä keskustelua. Tämä ilmeni sekä tavassa käsitellä turvapaikanhakijoita ja maahanmuuttopolitiikkaa eliittidiskurssein että siinä, millaisia kirjoituksia yleisönosastoilla julkaistiin. Lehdet julkaisivat eri suhteessa myönteisiä ja kielteisiä kannanottoja ja välittivät siten erilaista kuvaa suomalaisesta asenneilmapiiristä. Tähän vaikuttivat ainakin lehtien levikkialueen demografia, toimituskulttuureihin liittyvät erot sekä lehtien erilaiset roolit suomalaisessa mediakentässä, mutta oletettavasti myös toimituksen ideologiset linjaukset. Yleisönosastojen mielipidekirjoituksissa tuotettiin erilaisia identiteettipositioita turvapaikanhakijoista ja suomalaisista. Somalialaiset kuvattiin joko korskeina elintasopakolaisina tai hädänalaisina uhreina, ja keskustelussa vahvistettiin kuvaa ”oikeista” ja ”vääristä” turvapaikanhakijoista. Suomalaiset kuvattiin pitkälti joko maailmaa syleilevinä idealisteina tai rasistisina juntteina, mikä kuvasti keskustelun kahtiajakautuneisuutta.

A gestão da floresta e o planeamento do uso do solo

A temática desta dissertação é a gestão sustentável da actividade florestal. Tem como objectivo o desenvolvimento e aplicação de metodologias de planeamento e gestão do uso do solo. As preocupações com as intervenções na paisagem e com a incorporação das componentes que a constituem no planeamento e na gestão do território tem vindo a ter um maior desenvolvimento desde a década de 70. Por sua vez, as iniciativas políticas nacionais e internacionais na área do ambiente tiveram um maior impulso a partir dessa época, conduzindo a uma situação em que as preocupações com a sua conservação, gestão e qualificação assumem um papel fundamental. Um aumento da qualidade das paisagens implica um correcto planeamento do uso do solo e um subsequente esquema de incentivos à realidade sócioeconómica, potenciadores de um desenvolvimento sustentável. A gestão e o desenvolvimento sustentável pressupõem, por um lado, uma utilização parcimoniosa dos recursos, mas também uma articulação correcta dos usos às potencialidades do território, num quadro de planeamento e gestão do espaço que permita e promova o desenvolvimento de actividades económicas viáveis. Reconhecendo a forte influência que a acção antrópica tem exercido sobre a paisagem, privilegia-se a avaliação do factor evolução do uso do solo e a relação destas alterações com origem na actividade humana e com causas naturais de forma a determinar as causas específicas das alterações de uso. Nesta perspectiva efectua-se uma avaliação retrospectiva do impacto das diversas medidas de gestão com reflexo nas paisagens do Concelho de Arganil. A metodologia desenvolvida divide-se em cinco fases e tem como resultados os cenários de evolução do uso do solo e da demografia bem como a proposta de um modelo de ocupação sustentável. A escolha deste concelho como território de estudo para aplicação da investigação produzida prende-se com o facto de se considerar que ele é representativo de toda uma realidade da actividade florestal numa região vasta e de características razoavelmente idênticas, na qual existiram mudanças acentuadas de uso do solo e do meio sócio-económico nos últimos 50 anos, e de apresentar tendências evolutivas semelhantes às dos outros concelhos envolventes, o que permitirá aplicar a metodologia desenvolvida a outras áreas.

Memórias de São Miguel de Machede (I)

Na década de sessenta, em São Miguel de Machede, funcionavam quatro escolas primárias. Nos últimos anos do século XX, apenas restava uma escola em funcionamento, No ano em que este livro é publicado, entraram apenas duas crianças para o primeiro ano de escolaridades. Simultaneamente a esta triste demografia escolar, verifica-se igual fenómeno na população, em geral. Na realidade, esta pequena vila e freguesia do concelho de Évora, é cada vez mais, um espaço do passado e, cada vez menos, de futuro. Daí que a memória seja um aspeto cada vez mais presente no quotidiano de todos os micaelenses. A memória dos momentos que se viveram e das pessoas que se conheceram. Recordar o passado poderá não ser, simplesmente, uma questão de saudade ou de nostalgia. A memória de uma comunidade, como são Miguel de Machede, poderá assumir-se como alicerce da construção de uma identidade e de um futuro. Recordar, para os adultos, ou conhecer, no caso dos jovens, momentos significativos e simbólicos da história da comunidade a que se pertencem, poderá construir uma estratégia adequada para a partilha de conhecimento e para o reforço da comunidade entre as diferentes gerações.

Population ageing and monetary policy

Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira

Recruitment patterns and processes of coastal fish species in a temperate rocky reef

Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências do Mar, da Terra e do Ambiente, Ramo: Ciências do Mar, Especialização em Ecologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

O envelhecimento da população portuguesa: Responsabilidade social e cidadania

O envelhecimento da população portuguesa na Europa e em Portugal é um tema que tem vindo a merecer especial interesse por parte de diferentes cientistas sociais que o têm abordado de forma distinta. A sua análise, longe de ser encarada como um fenómeno isolado, deve ser feita tendo em conta a evolução de outros fenómenos sociais desencadeados pelo processo de industrialização e urbanização, responsáveis pela alteração dos valores e das tradições na nossa sociedade. Os indicadores relativos ao agravamento do fenómeno de envelhecimento da população, pela sua extensão e repercussões nacionais, exigem o seu acompanhamento e um conjunto de investimentos e de medidas de política demográfica e social, baseadas no reforço da solidariedade intergeracional e na participação cívica da população sénior.

A Gestão de Serviços de Enfermagem de Reabilitação

Os serviços de saúde de reabilitação em Portugal estão definidos na rede de referenciação de Medicina Física e de Reabilitação (Direção Geral da Saúde, 2002), para todos os estabelecimentos de prestação de cuidados de saúde, em resposta à epidemiologia evolutiva da deficiência e da demografia, preconizando as ações e o nível de prescrição próprios, os recursos a alocar em cada tipologia de serviços e o dispositivo organizacional e logístico concebido geograficamente para cada região de saúde. A configuração da estrutura multiprofissional emergente na rede de serviços de reabilitação, com respostas de cuidados primários de proximidade e comunitários, cuidados diferenciados de internamento e ambulatório e, mais recentemente, de cuidados continuados integrados, salienta a importância de um corpo considerável de enfermeiros, mormente, de Enfermeiros Especialistas de Enfermagem de Reabilitação (EEER), com a especificação do rácio a observar nos serviços de internamento dos hospitais da plataforma A, enquanto hospitais diferenciados para o diagnóstico e tratamento de Medicina Física e de Reabilitação, dotados de capacidade de internamento de 12 a 15 camas e que estarem integrados na rede de urgência como hospitais polivalentes. A natureza sensível dos cuidados de saúde de reabilitação, pela latitude dos mesmos em todas as redes de serviços, o valor da reeducação funcional oportuna e eficaz, pela minimização da iatrogenia evitável, a sofisticação crescente das tecnologias de apoio, pela efetividade de suporte à independência, e as expectativas geradas nos cidadãos pela vida com qualidade e integridade, no decurso da reversão de situações agudas, indicam que os serviços de enfermagem de reabilitação disponham de liderança clínica e competência de gestão operacional, intermédia e estratégica, que consignem ao processo de reabilitação a eficácia clínica, a integração social, a satisfação do cidadão e o desenvolvimento profissional do EEER como, naturalmente, de qualquer outro perfil profissional.

Asociación de las violencias física, sexual y comunitaria con el embarazo en adolescentes: análisis multinivel

Objetivos Determinar si existe asociación entre la exposición a violencia, experimentada a nivel individual o municipal, y el embarazo adolescente en mujeres Colombianas entre 13 y 19 años de edad que contestaron la Encuesta de Demografía y Salud en el año 2010. Métodos Estudio de corte transversal, nacional y multinivel. Se tomaron datos de dos niveles jerárquicos: Nivel- 1: Datos individuales de una muestra representativa de 13.313 mujeres entre 13 y 19 años de edad provenientes de La Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud del año 2010 y Nivel- 2: Datos municipales de 258 municipios provenientes de las estadísticas vitales del DANE. Resultados La prevalencia del embarazo adolescente fue del 16.8% IC 95% [16.2-17.4]. El análisis mostró que la asociación entre embarazo adolescente y violencia tanto individual, representada como violencia sexual [OR= 6.99 IC99% 4.80-10.10] y violencia física [OR= 1.74 IC99% 1.47-2.05] así como la violencia municipal medida con tasas de homicidios altas [OR= 1.99 IC99% 1.29-3.07] y muy altas [OR= 2.10 IC99% 1.21-3.61] se mantuvo estadísticamente significativa después de ajustar por las variables: Edad [OR= 1.81 IC99% 1.71-1.91], ocupación [OR= 1.62 IC99% 1.37-1.93], educación primaria o sin educación [OR= 2.20 IC99% 1.47-3.30], educación secundaria [OR= 1.70 IC99% 1.24-2.32], asistir al colegio [OR= 0.18 IC99% 0.15-0.21], conocimiento en la fisiología reproductiva [OR= 1.28 IC99% 1.06-1.54], el índice de riqueza Q1, Q2, Q3 [OR= 2.18 IC99% 1.42-3.34], [OR= 2.00 IC99% 1.39-2.28], [OR= 1.82 IC99% 1.92-2.25] y alto porcentaje de Necesidades básicas insatisfechas a nivel municipal [OR= 2.34 IC99% 1.55-3.52]. Conclusiones Este estudio mostró una relación significativamente estadística entre la violencia sexual y física con el inicio de relaciones sexuales y embarazo adolescente después de controlar por factores sociodemográficos y conocimientos en reproducción sexual en mujeres colombianas de 13 a 19 años en el año 2010. Esta asociación debe continuar siendo estudiada para lograr optimizar las estrategias de prevención y disminuir la tasa actual de embarazos adolescentes en el país y sus consecuencias.