Horizon entropy from scratch

Scopo di questo lavoro di tesi è lo studio di alcune proprietà delle teorie generali della gravità in relazione alla meccanica e la termodinamica dei buchi neri. In particolare, la trattazione che seguirà ha lo scopo di fornire un percorso autoconsistente che conduca alla nozione di entropia di un orizzonte descritta in termini delle carica di Noether associata all'invarianza del funzionale d'azione, che descrive la teoria gravitazionale in considerazione, per trasformazioni di coordinate generali. Si presterà particolare attenzione ad alcune proprietà geometriche della Lagrangiana, proprietà che sono indipendenti dalla particolare forma della teoria che si sta prendendo in considerazione; trattasi cioè non di proprietà dinamiche, legate cioè alla forma delle equazioni del moto del campo gravitazionale, ma piuttosto caratteristiche proprie di qualunque varietà rappresentante uno spaziotempo curvo. Queste caratteristiche fanno sì che ogni teoria generale della gravità possieda alcune grandezze definite localmente sullo spaziotempo, in particolare una corrente di Noether e la carica ad essa associata. La forma esplicita della corrente e della carica dipende invece dalla Lagrangiana che si sceglie di adottare per descrivere il campo gravitazionale. Il lavoro di tesi sarà orientato prima a descrivere come questa corrente di Noether emerge in qualunque teoria della gravità invariante per trasformazioni generali e come essa viene esplicitata nel caso di Lagrangiane particolari, per poi identificare la carica ad essa associata come una grandezza connessa all' entropia di un orizzonte in qualunque teoria generale della gravità.

Ausbreitung einer Infektion durch ein System Brownscher Bewegungen

In dieser Arbeit werden wir ein Modell untersuchen, welches die Ausbreitung einer Infektion beschreibt. Bei diesem Modell werden zunächst Partikel gemäß eines Poissonschen Punktprozesses auf der reellen Achse verteilt. Bis zu einem gewissen Punkt auf der reellen Achse sind alle Partikel von einer Infektion befallen. Während sich nicht infizierte Partikel nicht bewegen, folgen die infizierten Partikel den Pfaden von voneinander unabhängigen Brownschen Bewegungen und verbreitet die Infektion dabei an den Orten, welche sie betreten. Wenn sie dabei auf ein nicht infiziertes Partikel treffen, ist dieses von diesem Moment an auch infiziert und beginnt ebenfalls, dem Pfad einer Brownschen Bewegung zu folgen und die Infektion auszubreiten. Auf diese Art verschiebt sich nun der am weitesten rechts liegende Ort R_t, an dem die Infektion bereits verbreitet wurde. Wir werden mit Hilfe des subadditiven Ergodensatzes zeigen, dass sich dieser Ort mit linearer Geschwindigkeit fortbewegt. Ferner werden wir eine obere und eine untere Schranke für die Ausbreitungsgeschwindkeit angeben. Danach werden wir zeigen, dass der Prozess Regenerationszeiten hat, nämlich solche zufällige Zeiten, zu denen er eine Art Neustart unter speziellen Startbedingungen durchführt. Wir werden diese für eine weitere Charakterisierung der Ausbreitungsgeschwingkeit nutzen. Ferner erhalten wir durch die Regenerationszeiten auch einen Zentralen Grenzwertsatz für R_t und können zeigen, dass die Verteilung der infizierten Partikel aus Sicht des am weitesten rechts liegenden infizierten Ortes gegen eine invariante Verteilung konvergiert.

Factorization and non-local 1/m b corrections in the decay B X s gamma

In this thesis, a systematic analysis of the bar B to X_sgamma photon spectrum in the endpoint region is presented. The endpoint region refers to a kinematic configuration of the final state, in which the photon has a large energy m_b-2E_gamma = O(Lambda_QCD), while the jet has a large energy but small invariant mass. Using methods of soft-collinear effective theory and heavy-quark effective theory, it is shown that the spectrum can be factorized into hard, jet, and soft functions, each encoding the dynamics at a certain scale. The relevant scales in the endpoint region are the heavy-quark mass m_b, the hadronic energy scale Lambda_QCD and an intermediate scale sqrt{Lambda_QCD m_b} associated with the invariant mass of the jet. It is found that the factorization formula contains two different types of contributions, distinguishable by the space-time structure of the underlying diagrams. On the one hand, there are the direct photon contributions which correspond to diagrams with the photon emitted directly from the weak vertex. The resolved photon contributions on the other hand arise at O(1/m_b) whenever the photon couples to light partons. In this work, these contributions will be explicitly defined in terms of convolutions of jet functions with subleading shape functions. While the direct photon contributions can be expressed in terms of a local operator product expansion, when the photon spectrum is integrated over a range larger than the endpoint region, the resolved photon contributions always remain non-local. Thus, they are responsible for a non-perturbative uncertainty on the partonic predictions. In this thesis, the effect of these uncertainties is estimated in two different phenomenological contexts. First, the hadronic uncertainties in the bar B to X_sgamma branching fraction, defined with a cut E_gamma > 1.6 GeV are discussed. It is found, that the resolved photon contributions give rise to an irreducible theory uncertainty of approximately 5 %. As a second application of the formalism, the influence of the long-distance effects on the direct CP asymmetry will be considered. It will be shown that these effects are dominant in the Standard Model and that a range of -0.6 < A_CP^SM < 2.8 % is possible for the asymmetry, if resolved photon contributions are taken into account.

Moduli spaces of (G,h)-constellations

Given a reductive group G acting on an affine scheme X over C and a Hilbert function h: Irr G → N_0, we construct the moduli space M_Ө(X) of Ө-stable (G,h)-constellations on X, which is a common generalisation of the invariant Hilbert scheme after Alexeev and Brion and the moduli space of Ө-stable G-constellations for finite groups G introduced by Craw and Ishii. Our construction of a morphism M_Ө(X) → X//G makes this moduli space a candidate for a resolution of singularities of the quotient X//G. Furthermore, we determine the invariant Hilbert scheme of the zero fibre of the moment map of an action of Sl_2 on (C²)⁶ as one of the first examples of invariant Hilbert schemes with multiplicities. While doing this, we present a general procedure for the realisation of such calculations. We also consider questions of smoothness and connectedness and thereby show that our Hilbert scheme gives a resolution of singularities of the symplectic reduction of the action.

Top-quark pair production at hadron colliders

In this thesis we investigate several phenomenologically important properties of top-quark pair production at hadron colliders. We calculate double differential cross sections in two different kinematical setups, pair invariant-mass (PIM) and single-particle inclusive (1PI) kinematics. In pair invariant-mass kinematics we are able to present results for the double differential cross section with respect to the invariant mass of the top-quark pair and the top-quark scattering angle. Working in the threshold region, where the pair invariant mass M is close to the partonic center-of-mass energy sqrt{hat{s}}, we are able to factorize the partonic cross section into different energy regions. We use renormalization-group (RG) methods to resum large threshold logarithms to next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy. On a technical level this is done using effective field theories, such as heavy-quark effective theory (HQET) and soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). The same techniques are applied when working in 1PI kinematics, leading to a calculation of the double differential cross section with respect to transverse-momentum pT and the rapidity of the top quark. We restrict the phase-space such that only soft emission of gluons is possible, and perform a NNLL resummation of threshold logarithms. The obtained analytical expressions enable us to precisely predict several observables, and a substantial part of this thesis is devoted to their detailed phenomenological analysis. Matching our results in the threshold regions to the exact ones at next-to-leading order (NLO) in fixed-order perturbation theory, allows us to make predictions at NLO+NNLL order in RG-improved, and at approximate next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in fixed order perturbation theory. We give numerical results for the invariant mass distribution of the top-quark pair, and for the top-quark transverse-momentum and rapidity spectrum. We predict the total cross section, separately for both kinematics. Using these results, we analyze subleading contributions to the total cross section in 1PI and PIM originating from power corrections to the leading terms in the threshold expansions, and compare them to previous approaches. We later combine our PIM and 1PI results for the total cross section, this way eliminating uncertainties due to these corrections. The combined predictions for the total cross section are presented as a function of the top-quark mass in the pole, the minimal-subtraction (MS), and the 1S mass scheme. In addition, we calculate the forward-backward (FB) asymmetry at the Tevatron in the laboratory, and in the ttbar rest frames as a function of the rapidity and the invariant mass of the top-quark pair at NLO+NNLL. We also give binned results for the asymmetry as a function of the invariant mass and the rapidity difference of the ttbar pair, and compare those to recent measurements. As a last application we calculate the charge asymmetry at the LHC as a function of a lower rapidity cut-off for the top and anti-top quarks.

Ergodicity and regularity of invariant measure for branching Markov processes with immigration

In this thesis we consider systems of finitely many particles moving on paths given by a strong Markov process and undergoing branching and reproduction at random times. The branching rate of a particle, its number of offspring and their spatial distribution are allowed to depend on the particle's position and possibly on the configuration of coexisting particles. In addition there is immigration of new particles, with the rate of immigration and the distribution of immigrants possibly depending on the configuration of pre-existing particles as well. In the first two chapters of this work, we concentrate on the case that the joint motion of particles is governed by a diffusion with interacting components. The resulting process of particle configurations was studied by E. Löcherbach (2002, 2004) and is known as a branching diffusion with immigration (BDI). Chapter 1 contains a detailed introduction of the basic model assumptions, in particular an assumption of ergodicity which guarantees that the BDI process is positive Harris recurrent with finite invariant measure on the configuration space. This object and a closely related quantity, namely the invariant occupation measure on the single-particle space, are investigated in Chapter 2 where we study the problem of the existence of Lebesgue-densities with nice regularity properties. For example, it turns out that the existence of a continuous density for the invariant measure depends on the mechanism by which newborn particles are distributed in space, namely whether branching particles reproduce at their death position or their offspring are distributed according to an absolutely continuous transition kernel. In Chapter 3, we assume that the quantities defining the model depend only on the spatial position but not on the configuration of coexisting particles. In this framework (which was considered by Höpfner and Löcherbach (2005) in the special case that branching particles reproduce at their death position), the particle motions are independent, and we can allow for more general Markov processes instead of diffusions. The resulting configuration process is a branching Markov process in the sense introduced by Ikeda, Nagasawa and Watanabe (1968), complemented by an immigration mechanism. Generalizing results obtained by Höpfner and Löcherbach (2005), we give sufficient conditions for ergodicity in the sense of positive recurrence of the configuration process and finiteness of the invariant occupation measure in the case of general particle motions and offspring distributions.

Applications of SCET to the pair production of supersymmetric particles at hadron colliders

In this thesis we investigate the phenomenology of supersymmetric particles at hadron colliders beyond next-to-leading order (NLO) in perturbation theory. We discuss the foundations of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory (SCET) and, in particular, we explicitly construct the SCET Lagrangian for QCD. As an example, we discuss factorization and resummation for the Drell-Yan process in SCET. We use techniques from SCET to improve existing calculations of the production cross sections for slepton-pair production and top-squark-pair production at hadron colliders. As a first application, we implement soft-gluon resummation at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order (NNNLL) for slepton-pair production in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM). This approach resums large logarithmic corrections arising from the dynamical enhancement of the partonic threshold region caused by steeply falling parton luminosities. We evaluate the resummed invariant-mass distribution and total cross section for slepton-pair production at the Tevatron and LHC and we match these results, in the threshold region, onto NLO fixed-order calculations. As a second application we present the most precise predictions available for top-squark-pair production total cross sections at the LHC. These results are based on approximate NNLO formulas in fixed-order perturbation theory, which completely determine the coefficients multiplying the singular plus distributions. The analysis of the threshold region is carried out in pair invariant mass (PIM) kinematics and in single-particle inclusive (1PI) kinematics. We then match our results in the threshold region onto the exact fixed-order NLO results and perform a detailed numerical analysis of the total cross section.

High-mass Drell-Yan cross-section and search for new phenomena in multi-electron/positron final states with the ATLAS detector

The Standard Model of particle physics is a very successful theory which describes nearly all known processes of particle physics very precisely. Nevertheless, there are several observations which cannot be explained within the existing theory. In this thesis, two analyses with high energy electrons and positrons using data of the ATLAS detector are presented. One, probing the Standard Model of particle physics and another searching for phenomena beyond the Standard Model.rnThe production of an electron-positron pair via the Drell-Yan process leads to a very clean signature in the detector with low background contributions. This allows for a very precise measurement of the cross-section and can be used as a precision test of perturbative quantum chromodynamics (pQCD) where this process has been calculated at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). The invariant mass spectrum mee is sensitive to parton distribution functions (PFDs), in particular to the poorly known distribution of antiquarks at large momentum fraction (Bjoerken x). The measurementrnof the high-mass Drell-Yan cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is performed on a dataset collected with the ATLAS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb-1. The differential cross-section of pp -> Z/gamma + X -> e+e- + X is measured as a function of the invariant mass in the range 116 GeV < mee < 1500 GeV. The background is estimated using a data driven method and Monte Carlo simulations. The final cross-section is corrected for detector effects and different levels of final state radiation corrections. A comparison isrnmade to various event generators and to predictions of pQCD calculations at NNLO. A good agreement within the uncertainties between measured cross-sections and Standard Model predictions is observed.rnExamples of observed phenomena which can not be explained by the Standard Model are the amount of dark matter in the universe and neutrino oscillations. To explain these phenomena several extensions of the Standard Model are proposed, some of them leading to new processes with a high multiplicity of electrons and/or positrons in the final state. A model independent search in multi-object final states, with objects defined as electrons and positrons, is performed to search for these phenomenas. Therndataset collected at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1 is used. The events are separated in different categories using the object multiplicity. The data-driven background method, already used for the cross-section measurement was developed further for up to five objects to get an estimation of the number of events including fake contributions. Within the uncertainties the comparison between data and Standard Model predictions shows no significant deviations.

Comment (ne pas) devenir Parisien - Le guide ultime du parfait autochtone de la capitale: proposta di traduzione

L’objet de ce mémoire de maîtrise est la traduction du français en italien du guide humoristique Comment (ne pas) devenir Parisien – Le guide ultime du parfait autochtone de la capitale, écrit par la journaliste Caroline Rochet et publié en 2012 par Leduc.s Éditions. Ce mémoire a pour but de relier les aspects pratiques de la traduction avec ses principes théoriques et représente une piste de réflexion sur la nature complexe et fascinante de la traduction considérée comme médiation culturelle. Ce mémoire se compose de cinq chapitres : après une introduction illustrant la structure et les buts du mémoire, le premier chapitre présente l’œuvre originale, sa maison d’édition et l’auteur du guide. Le deuxième chapitre est dédié à l’analyse du texte : au genre textuel et à la typologie textuelle de l’œuvre, à son style, au profil socio-professionnel de la langue de l’auteur et au bagage de connaissances du destinataire. Le troisième chapitre expose le parcours d’approfondissement théorique suivi pour arriver au choix de la stratégie traductive convenable, c’est-à-dire la valorisation de la composante exotique. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à la traduction du texte. Le dernier chapitre est constitué par deux sections : un commentaire sur les principaux aspects problématiques rencontrés pendant la traduction et sur les tactiques adoptées pour les résoudre (information invariante, information modifiée, information ajoutée et contenu éliminé) ; un commentaire dédié à la phase de rédaction d’un texte qui respecte le genre, le style et le fil conducteur du guide, c’est-à-dire l’ironie, ainsi que la formule d’interlocution la plus adapte à ce texte en langue italienne. Ces cinq chapitres sont suivis par une conclusion qui résume les différentes phases rencontrées pendant la traduction et est accompagnée par une réflexion sur la médiation interlinguistique considérée comme art d’écrire, liberté mais prise de responsabilité aussi.

Tensorial group field theories

In questa tesi il Gruppo di Rinormalizzazione non-perturbativo (FRG) viene applicato ad una particolare classe di modelli rilevanti in Gravit`a quantistica, conosciuti come Tensorial Group Field Theories (TGFT). Le TGFT sono teorie di campo quantistiche definite sulla variet`a di un gruppo G. In ogni dimensione esse possono essere espanse in grafici di Feynman duali a com- plessi simpliciali casuali e sono caratterizzate da interazioni che implementano una non-localit`a combinatoriale. Le TGFT aspirano a generare uno spaziotempo in un contesto background independent e precisamente ad ottenere una descrizione con- tinua della sua geometria attraverso meccanismi fisici come le transizioni di fase. Tra i metodi che meglio affrontano il problema di estrarre le transizioni di fase e un associato limite del continuo, uno dei pi` u efficaci `e il Gruppo di Rinormalizzazione non-perturbativo. In questo elaborato ci concentriamo su TGFT definite sulla variet`a di un gruppo non-compatto (G = R) e studiamo il loro flusso di Rinormalizzazione. Identifichiamo con successo punti fissi del flusso di tipo IR, e una superficie critica che suggerisce la presenza di transizioni di fase in regime Infrarosso. Ci`o spinge ad uno stu- dio per approfondire la comprensione di queste transizioni di fase e della fisica continua che vi `e associata. Affrontiamo inoltre il problema delle divergenze Infrarosse, tramite un processo di regolarizzazione che definisce il limite termodinamico appropriato per le TGFT. Infine, applichiamo i metodi precedentementi sviluppati ad un modello dotato di proiezione sull’insieme dei campi gauge invarianti. L’analisi, simile a quella applicata al modello precedente, conduce nuovamente all’identificazione di punti fissi (sia IR che UV) e di una superficie critica. La presenza di transizioni di fasi `e, dunque, evidente ancora una volta ed `e possibile confrontare il risultato col modello senza proiezione sulla dinamica gauge invariante.

Misura di asimmetria CP nei decadimenti: $D^0 \to K^+K^-$ e $D^0 \to \pi^+ \pi^-$ ad LHCb

La fisica del sapore è uno dei settori di ricerca più promettenti per realizzare misure di altissima precisione del Modello Standard e per osservare indirettamente, attraverso i decadimenti mediati dalle interazioni deboli nuove particelle. L'esperimento LHCb \`e stato progettato per realizzare misure di altissima precisione in questo settore. Grazie all'alta luminosità integrata disponibile (3 fb \ap{-1}) ed alla elevata sezione d’urto di produzione dei quark charm, LHCb \`e in grado di realizzare misure di una precisione mai raggiunta fino ad ora da altri esperimenti. In questo lavoro di tesi \`e stata realizzata una misura preliminare della simmetria di violazione di CP, realizzata mediante i decadimenti dei mesoni neutri $D^0$ negli stati finali $K^+K^-$ e $\pi^+\pi^-$. Per realizzare la misura sono stati selezionati i decadimenti $D^{*\pm} \to D^0(K^+K^-)\pi^\pm_s$ e $D^{*\pm} \to D^0(\pi^+\pi^-)\pi^\pm_s$ utilizzando i dati raccolti da LHCb durante il RUN-1 (2010-2012) ed \`e stato sviluppato un modello di adattamento ai dati in grado di misurare la differenza di asimmetria di CP integrate nel tempo nei decadimenti $D^0 \rightarrow K^+K^-$ e $D^0 \rightarrow \pi^+\pi^-$, $\Delta A_{CP}$. Il modello \`e stato sviluppato in modo da descrivere le distribuzioni di massa invariante del $D^0$ e del $D^{*\pm}$ sia per la componente di segnale sia per quelle di fondo ed \`e stato adattato ai dati, per sottrarne i fondi e misurare le asimmetrie $A_{RAW}(K^+K^-)$ e $A_{RAW}(\pi^+\pi^-)$, corrispondenti alla differenza tra il numero di eventi di segnale $D^{*+}$ e $D^{*-}$, diviso la loro somma. La differenza di queste asimmetrie corrisponde a $\Delta A_{CP}$, la cui misura, non ufficiale, \`e stata determinata essere $\Delta A_{CP}= (-0.12\pm 0.08)\% $. Questo risultato rappresenta la miglior misura al mondo mai realizzata da un singolo esperimento.

O conflito nas ofocinas pedagógicas de Educação Física : Mover a planes de estudio

O conflito aparece bastante no ambiente escolar e necessita ser compreendida a sua raiz para que se possa mediá-lo e obter resultados positivos e satisfatórios. Desse modo, a realizaçao deste relato de experiências teve como objetivo de compreender as relaçoes afetivas dos alunos do 4° ano nas oficinas pedagógicas do Subprojeto 'Cultura Esportiva da Escola' do PIBID/UFSM agregado ao Programa Mais Educaçao. Os resultados encontrados advieram de um relato de experiência do caso de docência precoce do período de agosto a dezembro de 2012. Pôde-se observar que o conflito aparece bastante ligado à agressao física e verbal e que os agressores sao geralmente os mesmos nas mais variadas situaçoes vitimando os considerados mais fracos e menos agressivos. Da mesma forma, a formaçao inicial se mostra um tanto quanto insuficiente para lidar com essas situaçoes surgidas na inserçao docente, sendo assim o PIBID um grande aliado na formaçao inicial de professores

Avaliação antropométrica de idosas participantes de grupos de atividades físicas para a terceira idade

Atualmente, cresce o número de idosos ativos no Brasil. Com o processo de envelhecimento ocorrem alteraçoes fisiológicas e na composiçao corporal podendo acarretar conseqüências para a saúde do idoso. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar o estado nutricional por meio de antropometria de idosas participantes de grupos de atividades físicas. Foram avaliadas 60 mulheres idosas fisicamente ativas, residentes no município de Santa Maria, que praticam atividades físicas regulares a mais de dois anos, duas vezes por semana nos projetos da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS-Brasil. Os dados obtidos foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. A idade média das idosas foi de 69,5±6,24 anos. A média obtida para Indice de Massa Corporal (IMC) foi de 27,35 ± 4,22kg/m2. A avaliaçao do IMC revelou 13de magreza, 32de normalidade e 55das idosas encontravam-se com sobrepeso. Segundo a circunferência do braço (CB) 15depleçao moderada ou leve, 65normalidade e 20sobrepeso ou obesidade. Quanto a área muscular do braço corrigida (AMBc) 7das idosas avaliadas apresentaram depleçao e 90eutrofia. Conclui-se importância de nao usar um parâmetro isolado na avaliaçao do idoso e que é necessária a constante avaliaçao dessa populaçao

A preposição para no português brasileiro : Entre a invariância de funcionamento e a variação semântica

Nosso trabalho, fundamentado na Teoria das Operaçoes Predicativas e Enunciativas (TOPE) de Antoine Culioli, analisa um conjunto de enunciados do português brasileiro em que se faz presente a preposiçao PARA, caracterizada como "preposiçao de discernimento", de acordo com a Grammaire des prépositions, de J. J. Franckel e D. Paillard (Paris, Editions Ophrys, 2007). Ao longo de nossas análises, buscaremos evidenciar as operaçoes que, constitutivas da natureza semântica de PARA, decorrem das diversas interaçoes suscetíveis de se estabelecer entre essa preposiçao e os termos (noçoes) que, de um lado, a antecedem, de outro, sao por ela introduzidos. No âmbito da TOPE, uma preposiçao nao é apreendida como a traduçao de um sentido que existiria independentemente do próprio material verbal no qual ela se encontra inserida, o que atesta a impossibilidade de identificá la, semanticamente, por meio de um sentido básico, de um "conteúdo permanente", visto ser este necessariamente fruto da inserçao discursiva da preposiçao. A partir dessa hipótese, ilustrada por diferentes enunciados, mostraremos ser possível propor uma definiçao semântica unitária (dinâmica invariante ou forma esquemática) de PARA sustentada por esquemas operatórios que se manifestam no conjunto de seus empregos, independentemente de consideraçoes de natureza gramatical que concebem os sintagmas preposicionais como partes de processos de complementaçao, adjunçao ou outros. Com uma metodologia sistemática de paráfrases e glosas, pudemos formalizar uma dinâmica invariante que seria constitutiva da funçao exercida pela preposiçao PARA no âmbito das construçoes por ela integradas. Essa invariante seria uma forma definidora da variaçao. Assim, em poucas palavras, em relaçao ao funcionamento desta preposiçao, sustentamos a hipótese de que, dado um enunciado do tipo X PARA Y, PARA marca que Y constitui um modo de apreensao (nao definitivo) de X, considerando Xy do ponto de vista de uma categorizaçao que é externa ao que é intrinsecamente constitutivo de X

Programa Institucional de Bolsa a Iniciação a Docência do Curso de Educação Física Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria como ferramenta de aperfeiçoamento e valorização da formação de professores para a educação básica

O Programa Institucional de Bolsa a Iniciaçao a Docência possui grande relevância enquanto programa de formaçao de professores em universidades, fortalecendo a integraçao ensino, pesquisa e extensao na formaçao inicial e continuada de professores. Diante do contexto, a realizaçao desta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar dados referentes ao Programa Institucional de Bolsa a Iniciaçao a Docência do Curso de Educaçao Física Licenciatura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de estudo de documentos relativos à constituiçao do Programa Institucional de Bolsa a Iniciaçao a Docência da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria. Pôde-se observar que o programa abrange um grande número de participantes, entre coordenadores, supervisores, professores e acadêmicos bolsistas e, devido aos grandes benefícios proporcionados à formaçao de docentes, torna-se necessário ampliar o número de envolvidos para que mais sujeitos sejam favorecidos com o programa