Estudi de l'evoluci�� de la formaci�� professional agr��ria a Catalunya

El projecte ��s una an��lisi profunda sobre l'evoluci�� de la formaci�� professional agr��ria a Catalunya, sobretot en els darrers vint-i-cinc anys. Parteix de la recollida i recopilaci�� de totes les dades disponibles respecte a la formaci��, tan reglada o inicial, com la cont��nua; amb la corresponent an��lisi de les dades. A partir d'aquesta an��lisi, i de l'experi��ncia viscuda i la visi�� des del lloc de treball que ocupa l'autor en l'actualitat -cap de servei de formaci�� agr��ria-, s'arriba a plantejaments sobre els desajustaments que s'hi veuen en la formaci�� agr��ria, i les possibles perspectives de futur de la mateixa.

Neuro-mechanical and metabolic adjustments to the repeated anaerobic sprint test in professional football players.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the neuro-mechanical and metabolic adjustments in the lower limbs induced by the running anaerobic sprint test (the so-called RAST). METHODS: Eight professional football players performed 6������35��m sprints interspersed with 10��s of active recovery on artificial turf with their football shoes. Sprinting mechanics (plantar pressure insoles), root mean square activity of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles (surface electromyography, EMG) and VL muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) were monitored continuously. RESULTS: Sprint time, contact time and total stride duration increased from the first to the last repetition (+17.4, +20.0 and +16.6��%; all P��<��0.05), while flight time and stride length remained constant. Stride frequency (-13.9��%; P��<��0.001) and vertical stiffness decreased (-27.2��%; P��<��0.001) across trials. Root mean square EMG activities of RF and BF (-18.7 and -18.1��%; P��<��0.01 and 0.001, respectively), but not VL (-1.2��%; P��>��0.05), decreased over sprint repetitions and were correlated with the increase in running time (r��=��-0.82 and -0.90; both P��<��0.05). Together with a better maintenance of RF and BF muscles activation levels over sprint repetitions, players with a better repeated-sprint performance (lower cumulated times) also displayed faster muscle de- (during sprints) and re-oxygenation (during recovery) rates (r��=��-0.74 and -0.84; P��<��0.05 and 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: The repeated anaerobic sprint test leads to substantial alterations in stride mechanics and leg-spring behaviour. Our results also strengthen the link between repeated-sprint ability and the change in neuromuscular activation as well as in muscle de- and re-oxygenation rates.

"Carrera" professional i cicle vital: continu��tat i canvi en la socialitzaci�� ocupacional dels docents

En aquest article, s'hi destaca la import��ncia de la socialitzaci�� ocupacional; m��s concretament del concepte de "carrera", com a element clau de la socialitzaci�� adulta. Per aix��, es revisen algunes aportacions de la sociologia biogr��fica al tema de la "carrera" docent. Aquesta revisi�� afronta la doble dimensi��, teorica i metodol��gica, dels recents estudis sobre la interrelaci�� entre traject��ria vital, personal,del mestre i els seus contextos organitzatius i socio-hist��rics.

Programa de C��lcul Nutricional Professional (PCN Pro)

Aplicaci�� de c��lcul nutricional que permet les seg��ents funcionalitats: Gesti�� d���Individus/Pacients permet organitzar els pacients en carpetes i subcarpetes, podent incorporar un hist��ric de dades antropom��triques i diet��tic i calcular els seg��ents dades: IMC (��ndex de Massa Corporal), ��ndex Cintura / Maluc, Estima el pes ideal orientatiu, Estimaci�� de Despesa Energ��tica per: Harris-Benedict, FAO-OMS, Mifflin-St. Jeor. En base a la informaci�� introdu��da a la pestanya Activitat F��sica estima tamb�� la despesa energ��tica tenint en compte l���activitat f��sica realitzada per l���individu (permet estimar la despesa energ��tica per 605 activitats).Estimaci�� de necessitats energ��tiques en malalts per Long et al. i Ireton-Jones amb la base del c��lcul del Metabolisme Basal de Harris-Benedict. Introduint els plecs (Plec Pectoral, Plec B��ceps, Plec Abdominal, Plec Supraespinal, Plec Cuixa anterior, Plec Cama medial, Plec Subescapular, Plec Tricipital), els di��metres (Di��metre Antero-Posterior T��rax, Di��metre Sagital, Di��metre H��mer, Di��metre F��mur, Di��metre Biacromial, Di��metre Transversal T��rax, Di��metre Biileocrestal) i els per��metres (Per��metre Bra�� flexionat, Per��metre Bra��, Per��metre Canell, Per��metre Cuixa, Per��metre Cama, Per��metre T��rax) el programa ��s capa�� de calcular el % de greix, massa ��ssia, massa muscular i massa residual per diferents f��rmules (% Gas Yuhasz, % Gras Faulkner, % Gras Siri, % Gras Brozek, Distribuci�� corporal de Drinkwater). Tamb�� calcula el per��metre muscular del bra�� i la cama. Tamb�� calcula el Pes Objectiu en relaci�� a un % Greix objectiu, calculant quin pes hauria de tenir el pacient per un % de Greix donat.

Study of the effect of oral health on physical condition of professional soccer players of the Football Club Barcelona

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral health status of professional soccer players of F.C. Barcelona and its relation to the incidence of sport lesions. Methods: Thirty professional soccer players were consecutively evaluated in the seasons 2003/4, 2004/5 and 2005/6. A research protocol to assess their oral health was developed. DMFT, Quigley & Hein plaque index (PI), L��e & Silness gingival index (GI), World Health Organization malocclusion index, Ramfjord teeth probing pocket depth (PPD), TMJ examination and history of dental trauma were recorded. All physical injuries sustained by players during the season were documented from F.C. Barcelona medical services. Results: Mean DMFT score was 5.7 (SD 4.1), Quigley & Hein plaque index score was 2.3 (SD 1.1), L��e & Silness gingival index was 1.1 (SD 0.8), and periodontal pocket depth was 1.9 mm (SD 0.3). Pearson"s analysis showed a significant correlation between PI and GI (p<0.01). Nine players (30%) presented bruxism - the same proportion of those with severe malocclusion. Seven (23.3%) players had suffered uncomplicated crown fractures. The mean incidence of physical injuries was 8 (SD 3.4) per player. PI and PPD showed a statistically significant correlation to muscle injuries (p<0.05). Conclusions: Soccer players, despite intensive medical follow-up, have significant oral health problems such as untreated caries, gingivitis or malocclusion, and suffer dental trauma as a result of sports activities. Their physical condition could also be associated to oral health

Les xarxes i el desenvolupament professional dels docents

Durant molts anys l"educaci�� ha pogut mantenir, amb poques variacions, el seu model cl��ssic d"ensenyament. No obstant aix��, les modificacions derivades de la societat de la informaci�� plantegen nous escenaris que requereixen una revisi�� profunda dels diversos components de qu�� consta l"educaci��: metodologies, modalitats d"ensenyament, coneixements, recursos utilitzats, organitzaci��, etc.

Per qu�� s��c, penso i actuo aix�� (pedag��gicamen)t? Influ��ncies que han marcat un cam�� cap a la identitat professional

En aquest article es pret��n esbrinar quines s��n les influ��ncies que han portar l"autor a desenvolupar un pensament pedag��gic, tant te��ricament com pr��cticament, des dels inicis com a mestre fins a la pr��ctica de l"ensenyament a la universitat. Les lectures, la relaci�� amb els companys i amb el context, aix�� com els esdeveniments de la pr��pia vida han dut l"autor a desenvolupar una manera de pensar, sentir i actuar en el camp de l"educaci��. L"article descriu aquest recorregut vital.

Dynamic Criteria: a Longitudinal Analysis of Professional Basketball Players" Outcomes

This paper describes the fluctuations of temporal criteria dynamics in the context of professional sport. Specifically, we try to verify the underlying deterministic patterns in the outcomes of professional basketball players. We use a longitudinal approach based on the analysis of the outcomes of 94 basketball players over ten years, covering practically players" entire career development. Time series were analyzed with techniques derived from nonlinear dynamical systems theory. These techniques analyze the underlying patterns in outcomes without previous shape assumptions (linear or nonlinear). These techniques are capable of detecting an intermediate situation between randomness and determinism, called chaos. So they are very useful for the study of dynamic criteria in organizations. We have found most players (88.30%) have a deterministic pattern in their outcomes, and most cases are chaotic (81.92%). Players with chaotic patterns have higher outcomes than players with linear patterns. Moreover, players with power forward and center positions achieve better results than other players. The high number of chaotic patterns found suggests caution when appraising individual outcomes, when coaches try to find the appropriate combination of players to design a competitive team, and other personnel decisions. Management efforts must be made to assume this uncertainty.

The contribution of individual and professional characteristics to general and work-related well-being

Cette th��se porte sur la contribution des caract��ristiques individuelles et des situations professionnelles au bien-��tre. En combinant diff��rentes perspectives th��oriques, notamment la th��orie de la construction de la carri��re, la th��orie de la justice organisationnelle, les mod��les du bien-��tre au travail, et les conceptualisations de l'incivilit�� au travail, un certain nombre d'hypoth��ses sont propos��es concernant le lien entre certaines caract��ristiques individuelles et situationnelles et le bien-��tre g��n��ral et professionnel. Les deux premi��res ��tudes se focalisent sur la validation d'une ��chelle d'adaptabilit��s de carri��re et sur le r��le m��diateur de cette adaptabilit�� dans la relation entre des dispositions et le bien-��tre. La troisi��me ��tude ��volue l'hypoth��se d'un possible effet de m��diation de l'adaptabilit�� mais cette fois de la relation entre ins��curit�� professionnelle et charge de travail d'une part et le bien-��tre d'autre part. La quatri��me ��tude adopte une perspective longitudinale et analyse les associations entre les dimensions de la personnalit��, l'adaptabilit�� de carri��re et le bien-��tre dans quatre parcours professionnels diff��rents. La cinqui��me ��tude porte sur une autre caract��ristique individuelle, �� savoir la croyance en un monde juste. Cette ��tude illustre comment la croyance en un monde juste influence les perceptions de justice organisationnelle une ann��e apr��s, qui ont une incidence importante sur le bien-��tre. Enfin, la derni��re ��tude se concentre sur une population sp��cifique, les immigrants en Suisse, et souligne qu'��tre la cible d'incivilit�� sur le lieu de travail est g��n��ralement li��e au pays d'origine. Globalement, cette th��se met en ��vidence que les caract��ristiques individuelles ont des effets tant directs qu'indirects sur le bien-��tre et que ces m��mes caract��ristiques explique en partie, les relations entre la situation professionnelle et le bien-��tre. Plus sp��cifiquement, des situations professionnelles peuvent influencer l'expression de certaines caract��ristiques individuelles, soit en contribuant �� leurs activations ou �� leurs inhibitions. De plus, l'impact des caract��ristiques individuelles sur le bien-��tre semble d��pendre de la situation professionnelle. Il est donc important de consid��rer les influences simultan��es et r��ciproques des caract��ristiques individuelles et de la situation contextuelle et professionnelle pour rendre compte du bien-��tre g��n��ral et professionnel. -- This thesis explores how individual characteristics and professional situations correspond to well-being. Drawing from various theoretical backgrounds, such as career construction theory, justice theory, models of job strain, and theories on subtle discrimination, a number of specific hypotheses are put forward pertaining to a selection of individual and professional aspects as well as general and work-related well-being. The six studies presented in this thesis focus on specific aspects and adopt different methodological and theoretical approaches. The first two studies concern the validation of the career adapt-abilities scale and test the potential of career adapt-abilities to mediate the relationship between dispositions and outcomes. The third study extends the hypothesis of career adapt-abilities as a mediator and finds that it mediates the effects of job insecurity and job strain on general and professional well-being. The fourth study adopts a longitudinal approach and tests the associations between personality traits and career adaptability and well-being in four different professional situations. Study five concerns another individual characteristic, belief in a just world, and illustrates how justice beliefs drive perceptions of organizational justice, which in turn impact, on well-being outcomes one year later. The final study focuses on the professional experiences of a specific population, immigrants in Switzerland, and confirms that being a target of incivilities is related to national origin. Globally, this thesis finds that individual characteristics have direct and indirect influences on well-being and that these characteristics may also mediate the associations between professional situations and outcomes. In particular, the professional situation may alter the display of individual characteristics, either by contributing to their activation or their depletion, and the ways in which individual factors influence well-being does seem to depend on the professional situation. It is thus necessary to adopt a "both...and" perspective when studying the impact of individual and professional characteristics as these factors mutually influence each other.