397 resultados para Anomalia epididimária


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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz

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Com este trabalho pretendemos conhecer qual a perceção dos professores do ensino básico, sobre o contributo da Educação Sexual para o desenvolvimento e inclusão de crianças e jovens com trissomia 21. Numa primeira parte do trabalho é feita uma revisão de literatura sobre o conceito e etiologia da trissomia 21 e quais as caraterísticas físicas e desenvolvimentais associadas a esta anomalia. São ainda apresentadas as perspetivas de diferentes autores quanto ao conceito e objetivos da Educação Sexual e a sua importância no desenvolvimento, em particular, de crianças e jovens com trissomia 21. Segue-se uma abordagem sobre a importância da inclusão dos portadores de trissomia 21 e o papel da Educação Sexual neste processo. Numa segunda parte do trabalho é feita a análise do questionário aplicado a 87 professores do ensino básico, no qual expressam a sua opinião relativamente à temática em estudo. Os resultados indicam que a maioria dos professores consideram importante a Educação Sexual para o desenvolvimento cognitivo, afetivo e global de crianças e jovens com trissomia 21 bem como para a sua inclusão.

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De vocum analogia et anomalia.

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A presente dissertação insere-se na área da inspeção e da reabilitação de obras de arte, mais especificamente pontes e viadutos rodoviários. Uma das principais motivações para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho justifica-se pelo facto de existir na Região Autónoma da Madeira, um elevado número de obras de arte relativamente à sua área, sendo necessário cada vez mais investir em meios e conhecimento especializado na procura de formas economicamente interessantes de inspeção, diagnóstico, gestão da conservação e da monitorização dessas obras de arte. O trabalho desenvolvido teve por objetivo identificar as principais anomalias de pontes e viadutos de betão armado, e, através do auxílio fornecidos por técnicas de inspeção e monitorização, indicar intervenções preventivas e corretivas, visando assegurar a durabilidade dessas obras de arte durante as suas vidas úteis. Numa primeira fase procurou-se enquadrar os conceitos relacionados com as anomalias associadas aos elementos de betão armado enquanto material de construção, bem como na importância durabilidade. Identificou-se os agentes e os mecanismos de deterioração quer do betão e quer do aço, de forma a direcionar o estudo para as principais anomalias que podem-se verificar nos diversos componentes de uma ponte ou viaduto. A seguinte fase do trabalho consiste na identificação dos principais métodos e procedimentos necessários para efetuar-se uma correta inspeção, tendo como objetivo avaliar a natureza e a extensão das anomalias, o que possibilitará na definição de intervenções adequadas de manutenção, conservação, reabilitação ou reforço. Por fim, com base nas fichas de inspeção fornecidas pelas Betar1, fez-se análise do estado de manutenção e do estado de conservação de um conjunto de pontes e viadutos na R.A.M., bem como das anomalias mais frequentes. Elaborou-se ainda um guia de anomalias, indicando-se as principais diretrizes para a realização de inspeções em pontes e viadutos, evidenciando as anomalias que podem verificar-se com maior frequência, bem como os trabalhos recomendados para cada situação.

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The mantle transition zone is defined by two seismic discontinuities, nominally at 410 and 660 km depth, which result from transformations in the mineral olivine. The topography of these discontinuities provides information about lateral temperature changes in the transition zone. In this work, P-to-S conversions from teleseismic events recorded at 32 broadband stations in the Borborema Province were used to determine the transition zone thickness beneath this region and to investigate whether there are lateral temperature changes within this depth range. For this analysis, stacking and migration of receiver functions was performed. In the Borborema Province, geophysical studies have revealed a geoid anomaly which could reflect the presence of a thermal anomaly related to the origin of intraplate volcanism and uplift that marked the evolution of the Province in the Cenozoic. Several models have been proposed to explain these phenomena, which include those invoking the presence of a deep-seated mantle plume and those invoking shallower sources, such as small-scale convection cells. The results of this work show that no thermal anomalies are present at transition zone depths, as significant variations in the transition zone thickness were not observed. However, regions of depressed topography for both discontinuities (410 and 660 km) that approximately overlap in space were identified, suggesting that lower-thanaverage, lateral variations in seismic velocity above 410 km depth may exist below the the Borborema Province. This is consistent with the presence of a thermally-induced, low-density body independently inferred from analysis of geoid anomalies. Therefore, the magma source responsible for the Cenozoic intraplate volcanism and related uplift in the Province, is likely to be confined above the upper mantle transition zone.

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The general objective of this thesis was to stablish protocols to obtain and conserve agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) sperm bred in captivity in the Brazilian semi-arid, aiming its sustainable production. The thesis was divided in three experiments. In the first one, we studied the influence of the interaction between two probes (quadratics and sine waves) and two stimulation protocols (continuous and in series) on the agouti sperm collection by electroejaculation efficiency. The most efficient interaction on this obtainment was the one with probes with rings associated with stimuli in series (4/7; 57%, P<0.05). In the second experiment we compared the cryoprotectant effects of different substances (glycerol, ethyleneglycol, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide) on epididymis sperm cryopreservation. The highest values on motility (39.5±4.6%), vigor (2.9±0.2) and membrane integrity (30.6±4.5%) were observed on the samples cryopreserved using glycerol when compared to those with ethyleneglycol and dimethylformamide, but there was no difference (P>0.05) when compared to the samples cryopreserved with dimethylsulfoxide. At last, we studied the effects of the methods to obtain sperm (electroejaculation vs epididymal collection) on post thawing sperm quality. The samples obtained by epididymal retrograde flushing showed values for motility of 25.0±10.9% and vigor 2.4±0.8, and those obtained by electroejaculation had 31.2±14.2% of motility and vigor of 2.2±0.7, however, without statistical difference (P>0.05), which shows the possibility to successfully use the epididymal sperm cryopreservation protocol on agouti ejaculated sperm. In conclusion, significant advances on obtainment and processing of agouti sperm were made, allowing the establishment of germplasm banks from sperm samples obtained from the epididymis or by electroejaculation.

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Located on the western edge of the Brazilian northeast, the Parnaíba Basin is an intra cratonic basin with oil production. This study aims at understanding its genesis and evolution, using aeromagnetic and gravity data. We used the spectral analysis of aeromagnetic data to map the depth to the bottom of the magnetic sources in order to assimilate this depth with the depth of the Curie isotherm, and infer the geothermal gradient. Using the spectral analysis technique, we succeeded in mapping the surface of the depth to the bottom of magnetic sources (SBFM), which marks the depth that occur magnetization. In the Parnaíba Basin the SBFM presented depths around -20,5 and -28,5 , which was consistent with an inversion of the same dataset using the technique of Magnetization Vector Inversion (MVI). Furthermore, SBFM topography correlates well with Moho depth, which was estimated from satellite gravimetric data from the GOCE mission (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer). Assuming that SBFM coincides with the Curie isotherm of magnetite (ICM), defined as the surface at which magnetite ( ) looses its ferromagnetic properties, it was possible to estimate the geothermal gradient. The geothermal gradient in the basin showed values between 19.2 and 26.5 , allowing to estimate the heat flow for the Parnaíba basin after assuming a conductivity of 2.69 . The resulting heat flow values ranged between 51.6 and 71.3 , which is consistent with values found in other works throughout the South American continent. Lithospheric thickness using an empirical relationship, finding values between -65.8 and -89.2 . We propose that thermal structure of Parnaíba basin is influenced by a deep thermal anomaly. This anomaly has heated the lithosphere beneath the basin and has resulted in relatively thin values for the lithospheric thickness and relatively high surface heat flow values. The origin of the anomaly is not clear, but the correlation between Curie depth and Moho topography, suggests that tectonic extension processes could have played a role.

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The key aspect limiting resolution in crosswell traveltime tomography is illumination, a well known result but not as well exemplified. Resolution in the 2D case is revisited using a simple geometric approach based on the angular aperture distribution and the Radon Transform properties. Analitically it is shown that if an interface has dips contained in the angular aperture limits in all points, it is correctly imaged in the tomogram. By inversion of synthetic data this result is confirmed and it is also evidenced that isolated artifacts might be present when the dip is near the illumination limit. In the inverse sense, however, if an interface is interpretable from a tomogram, even an aproximately horizontal interface, there is no guarantee that it corresponds to a true interface. Similarly, if a body is present in the interwell region it is diffusely imaged in the tomogram, but its interfaces - particularly vertical edges - can not be resolved and additional artifacts might be present. Again, in the inverse sense, there is no guarantee that an isolated anomaly corresponds to a true anomalous body because this anomaly can also be an artifact. Jointly, these results state the dilemma of ill-posed inverse problems: absence of guarantee of correspondence to the true distribution. The limitations due to illumination may not be solved by the use of mathematical constraints. It is shown that crosswell tomograms derived by the use of sparsity constraints, using both Discrete Cosine Transform and Daubechies bases, basically reproduces the same features seen in tomograms obtained with the classic smoothness constraint. Interpretation must be done always taking in consideration the a priori information and the particular limitations due to illumination. An example of interpreting a real data survey in this context is also presented.

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The key aspect limiting resolution in crosswell traveltime tomography is illumination, a well known result but not as well exemplified. Resolution in the 2D case is revisited using a simple geometric approach based on the angular aperture distribution and the Radon Transform properties. Analitically it is shown that if an interface has dips contained in the angular aperture limits in all points, it is correctly imaged in the tomogram. By inversion of synthetic data this result is confirmed and it is also evidenced that isolated artifacts might be present when the dip is near the illumination limit. In the inverse sense, however, if an interface is interpretable from a tomogram, even an aproximately horizontal interface, there is no guarantee that it corresponds to a true interface. Similarly, if a body is present in the interwell region it is diffusely imaged in the tomogram, but its interfaces - particularly vertical edges - can not be resolved and additional artifacts might be present. Again, in the inverse sense, there is no guarantee that an isolated anomaly corresponds to a true anomalous body because this anomaly can also be an artifact. Jointly, these results state the dilemma of ill-posed inverse problems: absence of guarantee of correspondence to the true distribution. The limitations due to illumination may not be solved by the use of mathematical constraints. It is shown that crosswell tomograms derived by the use of sparsity constraints, using both Discrete Cosine Transform and Daubechies bases, basically reproduces the same features seen in tomograms obtained with the classic smoothness constraint. Interpretation must be done always taking in consideration the a priori information and the particular limitations due to illumination. An example of interpreting a real data survey in this context is also presented.

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The ediacaran plutonic activity related to the Brasilian/Pan-African orogeny is one of the most important geological features in the Borborema Province, represented along its extension by numerous batholiths, stocks, and dikes.The object of this study, the Serra Rajada Granitic Pluton (SRGP), located in the central portion of the Piranhas-Seridó River Domain is an example of this activity. This pluton has been the subject of cartographic, petrographic, geochronological and lithogeochemical studies and its rocks were characterized by two facies. First, the granitic facies were described as monzogranites consisting of K-feldspar, plagioclase (oligoclase - An23-24%), quartz and biotite (main mafic) and opaque minerals such as titanite, allanite, apatite, and zircon as accessories. Alteration minerals are chlorite, white mica and carbonate. Second, the dioritic facies consist of rocks formed by quartz diorite containing plagioclase (dominant mineral phase), quartz and K-feldspar. Biotite and amphibole are the dominant mafic minerals; and titanite, opaque minerals, allanite, zircon and apatite are the accessories. However, previous geological mapping work in the region also identified the presence of other lithostratigraphic units. These were described as gneisses and migmatites with undifferentiated amphibolite lenses related to the Caicó Complex (Paleoproterozoic) and metasedimentary rocks of the Seridó Group (Neoproterozoic) composed of paragneiss with calc-silicate lenses, muscovite quartzite and biotite schist (respectively, the Jucurutu formations, Equador and Seridó), the host rocks for the SRGP rocks. Leucomicrogranite and pegmatite dikes have also been identified, both related to the end of the Ediacaran magmatism and colluvial- eluvial and alluvial deposits related to Neogene and Quaternary, respectively. Lithogeochemical data on the SRGP granite facies, highlighted quite evolved rocks (SiO2 69% to 75%), rich in alkalis (Na2O+K2O ≥ 8.0%), depleted of MgO (≤ 0.45%), CaO (≤ 1.42%) and TiO2 (≤ 0.36%) and moderate levels of Fe2O3t (2.16 to 3.53%). They display transitional nature between metaluminous and peraluminous (predominance of the latter) with sub-alkaline/monzonitic (High K calcium-alkali) affinity. Harker diagrams show negative correlations for Fe2O3t, MgO, and CaO, indicating mafic and plagioclase fractionation. REE spectrum shows enrichment of LREE relative to heavy REE (LaN/YbN = 23.70 to 10.13), with negative anomaly in the Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.70 to 0.23), suggesting fractionation or accumulation in the feldspars source (plagioclase). Data integration allows to correlate the SRGP rocks with those described as Calcium-Alkaline Suite of equigranular High K. The crystallization conditions of the SRGP rocks were determined from the integration of petrographic and lithogeochemical data. These data indicated intermediate to high conditions of ƒO2 (mineral paragenesis titanite + magnetite + quartz), parent magma saturated in H2O (early biotite crystallization), tardi-magmatic processes of fluids rich in ƒCO2, H2O and O2 causing part of the mineral assembly to change (plagioclase carbonation and saussuritization, biotite chloritization and opaques Sphenitization). Thermobarometrical conditions were estimated based on geochemical parameters (Zr and P2O5) and CIPW normative minerals, with results showing the liquidus minimum temperature of about800°C and the solidus temperature of approximately 700°C. The final/minimum crystallization pressure are suggested to be between 3 and 5 Kbar. The presence of zoned minerals (plagioclase and allanite) associated with lithogeochemical data in bi-log diagrams for Rb vs. Ba and Rb vs. Sr suggest the role of fractional crystallization as the dominant process in the magmatic evolution of SRGP. U-Pb Geochronological and Sm-Nd isotope studies indicated, respectively, the crystallization age of biotite monzogranite as 557 ± 13 Ma, with TDM model age of 2.36 Ga, and εNd value of -20.10 to the crystallization age, allowing to infer paleoproterozoic crustal source for the magma.

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The ediacaran plutonic activity related to the Brasilian/Pan-African orogeny is one of the most important geological features in the Borborema Province, represented along its extension by numerous batholiths, stocks, and dikes.The object of this study, the Serra Rajada Granitic Pluton (SRGP), located in the central portion of the Piranhas-Seridó River Domain is an example of this activity. This pluton has been the subject of cartographic, petrographic, geochronological and lithogeochemical studies and its rocks were characterized by two facies. First, the granitic facies were described as monzogranites consisting of K-feldspar, plagioclase (oligoclase - An23-24%), quartz and biotite (main mafic) and opaque minerals such as titanite, allanite, apatite, and zircon as accessories. Alteration minerals are chlorite, white mica and carbonate. Second, the dioritic facies consist of rocks formed by quartz diorite containing plagioclase (dominant mineral phase), quartz and K-feldspar. Biotite and amphibole are the dominant mafic minerals; and titanite, opaque minerals, allanite, zircon and apatite are the accessories. However, previous geological mapping work in the region also identified the presence of other lithostratigraphic units. These were described as gneisses and migmatites with undifferentiated amphibolite lenses related to the Caicó Complex (Paleoproterozoic) and metasedimentary rocks of the Seridó Group (Neoproterozoic) composed of paragneiss with calc-silicate lenses, muscovite quartzite and biotite schist (respectively, the Jucurutu formations, Equador and Seridó), the host rocks for the SRGP rocks. Leucomicrogranite and pegmatite dikes have also been identified, both related to the end of the Ediacaran magmatism and colluvial- eluvial and alluvial deposits related to Neogene and Quaternary, respectively. Lithogeochemical data on the SRGP granite facies, highlighted quite evolved rocks (SiO2 69% to 75%), rich in alkalis (Na2O+K2O ≥ 8.0%), depleted of MgO (≤ 0.45%), CaO (≤ 1.42%) and TiO2 (≤ 0.36%) and moderate levels of Fe2O3t (2.16 to 3.53%). They display transitional nature between metaluminous and peraluminous (predominance of the latter) with sub-alkaline/monzonitic (High K calcium-alkali) affinity. Harker diagrams show negative correlations for Fe2O3t, MgO, and CaO, indicating mafic and plagioclase fractionation. REE spectrum shows enrichment of LREE relative to heavy REE (LaN/YbN = 23.70 to 10.13), with negative anomaly in the Eu (Eu/Eu* = 0.70 to 0.23), suggesting fractionation or accumulation in the feldspars source (plagioclase). Data integration allows to correlate the SRGP rocks with those described as Calcium-Alkaline Suite of equigranular High K. The crystallization conditions of the SRGP rocks were determined from the integration of petrographic and lithogeochemical data. These data indicated intermediate to high conditions of ƒO2 (mineral paragenesis titanite + magnetite + quartz), parent magma saturated in H2O (early biotite crystallization), tardi-magmatic processes of fluids rich in ƒCO2, H2O and O2 causing part of the mineral assembly to change (plagioclase carbonation and saussuritization, biotite chloritization and opaques Sphenitization). Thermobarometrical conditions were estimated based on geochemical parameters (Zr and P2O5) and CIPW normative minerals, with results showing the liquidus minimum temperature of about800°C and the solidus temperature of approximately 700°C. The final/minimum crystallization pressure are suggested to be between 3 and 5 Kbar. The presence of zoned minerals (plagioclase and allanite) associated with lithogeochemical data in bi-log diagrams for Rb vs. Ba and Rb vs. Sr suggest the role of fractional crystallization as the dominant process in the magmatic evolution of SRGP. U-Pb Geochronological and Sm-Nd isotope studies indicated, respectively, the crystallization age of biotite monzogranite as 557 ± 13 Ma, with TDM model age of 2.36 Ga, and εNd value of -20.10 to the crystallization age, allowing to infer paleoproterozoic crustal source for the magma.

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Il presente lavoro di tesi ha avuto lo scopo di valutare l’effetto dell’insorgenza dell’anomalia di destrutturazione, contestuale o meno al manifestarsi dell’anomalia white-striping, su alcune caratteristiche qualitative delle carni. L’anomalia di destrutturazione ha determinato una consistente diminuzione del contenuto di proteine ed un aumento del tenore di umidità. Al contrario, l’aumento del livello di lipidi è associato alla presenza della sola anomalia white-striping, i cui effetti sulla composizione sembrano essere in generale più moderati. Tuttavia, nel complesso, le modificazioni sulla composizione sono più marcate nella parte superficiale, mentre in profondità le differenze sono di entità più limitate. I petti destrutturati sono inoltre dotati di valori di pH ultimo più elevati, soprattutto nella parte superficiale, e non si discostano da quelli osservati per l’anomalia white-striping. Il colore risulta scarsamente modificato, mentre l’analisi rilassometrica (LR-NMR) ha permesso di evidenziare che i petti destrutturati possiedono un’abbondante quantità di acqua extra-miofibrillare, che più facilmente può essere persa durante le fasi di conservazione e trasformazione delle carni. In analogia con quanto osservato per la composizione chimica, tale risultato è particolarmente accentuato nello strato superficiale, mentre nello strato profondo tali modificazioni riguardano solo i campioni affetti da entrambe le anomalie. Pertanto questo studio ha permesso di stabilire che le modificazioni avvengono principalmente nella porzione superficiale del muscolo P. major, dove verosimilmente i processi degenerativi prendono avvio per poi coinvolgere in una seconda fase anche la parte profonda. Inoltre, è stato dimostrato che la presenza di destrutturazione superficiale dei muscoli pettorali comporta complessivamente una modificazione più accentuata della composizione e della distribuzione dell’acqua rispetto alla sola presenza dell’anomalia white-striping.

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Durante o período de funcionamento de uma instalação eléctrica podem ocorrer várias anomalias. Enquanto muitas delas apenas são identificadas tardiamente, outras acabam por nunca serem identificadas como um potencial problema. A identificação atempada dessas anomalias permite a realização de um diagnóstico que leve à correcção das suas causas evitando assim os desperdícios e prejuízos inerentes. A identificação de um consumo anómalo pode ser realizada, de forma automática ou semi automática através de sistemas de apoio que permitam sinalizar falhas ou comportamentos anormais. O trabalho apresentado nesta dissertação pretende possibilitar esta sinalização apenas através da análise dos dados de consumo medidos em tempo real e comparados com dados históricos através de uma abordagem baseada em classificação, recorrendo a métodos de clustering. Foram testadas diferentes abordagens em três casos distintos, dois relativos a consumidores residenciais para os quais existiam registos de consumo durante um período alargado, e um relativo a uma instalação desportiva, para a qual é possível aceder em tempo real ao sistema de gestão de consumos via web. O sistema implementado proporciona vários tipos de informação ao utilizador, permitindo visualizar graficamente a existência de uma potencial anomalia quando a disparidade entre a classificação do consumo no instante e a classe do consumo de referência for significativa.

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A Síndrome de Down, também conhecida como Trissomia 21, representa a anomalia cromossómica mais comum da espécie humana. Caracteriza-se por um conjunto clássico de sinais e sintomas que afetam o desenvolvimento neuromotor e cognitivo. O diagnóstico da Síndrome de Down baseia-se numa série de sinais e sintomas, sendo a sua confirmação estabelecida através do estudo cromossómico. Nem toda a população afetada apresenta as mesmas características, sendo necessário uma identificação do cariótipo para um diagnóstico definitivo. Embora apresentando diferentes graus de severidade assim como inicio de manifestação dos primeiros sintomas em diferentes alturas, toda a população com SD apresenta morfismo característico da face e do sistema esquelético, alterações do SNC e início precoce da doença de Alzheimer. As características dento-maxilo-faciais afetam o normal funcionamento do sistema estomatognático. A maioria possui um padrão braquifacial com um desenvolvimento mandibular no sentido anti-horário e manifesta má-oclusão sob uma vasta etiologia. Consequentemente ocorrem alterações a nível da estética, postura, mastigação, respiração e fonação. Apresentam inclusive um controlo de placa ineficaz e pobre higienização oral, sendo os procedimentos de prevenção importantes. A Ortodontia tem um papel de relevo no tratamento das má-oclusões que contribuem para as limitações do paciente. Ressalte-se a importância da sensibilização dos familiares para a necessidade de higienização bucal destes pacientes, bem como o conhecimento pelo médico dentista acerca das principais manifestações bucais que acometem os pacientes portadores, para que o tratamento adequado seja oferecido e a qualidade de vida desses indivíduos preservada.