Complexidade textual e progressão escolar em dois registos : um estudo de correlação baseado em um corpus quasi-longitudinal

Tese de doutoramento, Linguística (Linguística Educacional), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2016

Amélioration a posteriori de la traduction automatique par métaheuristique

La traduction automatique statistique est un domaine très en demande et où les machines sont encore loin de produire des résultats de qualité humaine. La principale méthode utilisée est une traduction linéaire segment par segment d'une phrase, ce qui empêche de changer des parties de la phrase déjà traduites. La recherche pour ce mémoire se base sur l'approche utilisée dans Langlais, Patry et Gotti 2007, qui tente de corriger une traduction complétée en modifiant des segments suivant une fonction à optimiser. Dans un premier temps, l'exploration de nouveaux traits comme un modèle de langue inverse et un modèle de collocation amène une nouvelle dimension à la fonction à optimiser. Dans un second temps, l'utilisation de différentes métaheuristiques, comme les algorithmes gloutons et gloutons randomisés permet l'exploration plus en profondeur de l'espace de recherche et permet une plus grande amélioration de la fonction objectif.

The New European Commission Presidency and the Advent of European Democracy. Jean Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series Vol. 14 No. 17, August 2014

On June 15, 2014, Jean-Claude Juncker, the lead candidate of the European People’s Party, was elected President of the European Commission, with the support of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe, and some of the European Socialists and Greens. Amid unprecedented Euroscepticism, the media and many pundits predicted a record-low voter turnout and record-high results for Europhobic parties. The aforementioned parties then decided that the political outcome of these 2014 European elections would also be unprecedented. For the first time in EU history, the European political parties agreed to nominate candidates to chair the institution, which they justified by putting forward Article 17 of the Lisbon Treaty. The European Parliament has often characteristically used political discourse - the logos, to influence the EU’s institutional framework, even though it entails grappling with Member States. It took the form of reports and resolutions, like the official use of the phrase “European Parliament” in 1962, direct universal suffrage elections in 1975 and a European Union in 1984. Nominating contenders to chair the European Commission is no exception. It requires a specific political discourse whose origins can be traced back to the early years of the European Parliament, when it was still the “Common Assembly”. This political discourse is one of the elements thanks to which the European Parliament acquired visibility and new prerogatives, in pursuit of its legitimacy. However, the executive branch in all member states is not intent on yielding such prerogatives to the European Parliament. As a matter of fact, the European Parliament has often ended up strengthening the heads of state and governments, since MEPs are forced to resort to self-discipline. The symbolic significance of its logos and, consequently, its own politicisation as a source of legitimacy, is thus undermined. For instance, in 2014, Jean-Claude Juncker’s election actually strengthened German Chancellor Angela Merkel. First she questioned the fact that the candidate whose party holds the parliamentary majority after the election should be appointed President of the Commission. Then she seemed strongly intent on democratising the Union, when she confronted David Cameron, who openly opposed Juncker, believed to be too federalist and old-fashioned a candidate. By doing so, she eventually reduced the symbolic dimension of the European Parliament’s initiative, and Juncker’s election. She also unquestionably embodied EU leadership. This paper aims at analysing Juncker’s election to the Presidency of the European Commission, as well as other questions it raises. In the first part, I lay out some thoughts about the sociohistorical context of voting in European elections in order to make the readers understand why the European Parliament should be bolder. Secondly, I try to explain how the European Parliament has used the logos as a weapon to grapple with member states for more power, as was the case during the 2014 European elections. Last but not least, I seek to show how Angela Merkel got hold of that weapon and took advantage of it, thus proving that despite MEPs’ best efforts, Juncker’s task will be all the more complicated as he was not the consensual candidate of all the governments.

Attitudes of the autism community to early autism research

Investigation into the earliest signs of autism in infants has become a significant sub-field of autism research. This work invokes specific ethical concerns such as use of 'at-risk' language, communicating study findings to parents and the future perspective of enrolled infants when they reach adulthood. This study aimed to ground this research field in an understanding of the perspectives of members of the autism community. Following focus groups to identify topics, an online survey was distributed to autistic adults, parents of children with autism and practitioners in health and education settings across 11 European countries. Survey respondents (n = 2317) were positively disposed towards early autism research, and there was significant overlap in their priorities for the field and preferred language to describe infant research participants. However, there were also differences including overall less favourable endorsement of early autism research by autistic adults relative to other groups and a dislike of the phrase 'at-risk' to describe infant participants, in all groups except healthcare practitioners. The findings overall indicate that the autism community in Europe is supportive of early autism research. Researchers should endeavour to maintain this by continuing to take community perspectives into account.

Amélioration a posteriori de la traduction automatique par métaheuristique

La traduction automatique statistique est un domaine très en demande et où les machines sont encore loin de produire des résultats de qualité humaine. La principale méthode utilisée est une traduction linéaire segment par segment d'une phrase, ce qui empêche de changer des parties de la phrase déjà traduites. La recherche pour ce mémoire se base sur l'approche utilisée dans Langlais, Patry et Gotti 2007, qui tente de corriger une traduction complétée en modifiant des segments suivant une fonction à optimiser. Dans un premier temps, l'exploration de nouveaux traits comme un modèle de langue inverse et un modèle de collocation amène une nouvelle dimension à la fonction à optimiser. Dans un second temps, l'utilisation de différentes métaheuristiques, comme les algorithmes gloutons et gloutons randomisés permet l'exploration plus en profondeur de l'espace de recherche et permet une plus grande amélioration de la fonction objectif.

Abañēễme : guía práctica para aprender el idioma guaraní = practical guide for learning the Guaraní tongue = praktischer Führer zur Erlernung des Guaraní.

Paged also in duplicate ([1], iv, iv, 74, 74 p.)

Annuaire.

Prior to 1914/15 the issues were without regular series title, the title of each monograph being followed by the phrase (with variations) "avec un rapport sur les conférences"; the title "Annuaire" was used first in the issue for 1914/15.

Icones opervm misericordiae cvm Ivlii Roscii Hortini sententiis et explicationibvs : pars prior eorvm qvae ad corpvs pertinent.

Numbers 53-54 omitted in paging.

OEuvres de Saint-Simon & d'Enfantin : précédées de deux notices historiques et publiées /

Lib. has reprint: Aalen, O. Zeller, 1963-64.

Cours éducatif de langue maternelle : a l'usage des écoles et des familles /

Contiene: 1ère partie. I. Syntaxe de la proposition. 1845. XVI, 260 p. -- 1ère partie. II, 1. Conjugaison par propositions. 1845. VII, 119 p. -- 1ère partie. II, 2. Vocabulaire. 1845. XV, 104 p. -- 2ème partie. I. Syntaxe de la phrase à deux propositions. 1846. 312 p. -- 2ème partie. II, 1. Conjugaison. Phrases de deux propositions. 1846. XII, 91 p. -- 2ème partie. II, 2. Vocabulaire. 1846. XII, 120 p. -- 3ème partie. I. Syntaxe de la période. 1846. XII, 268 p. -- 3e partie. II, 1. Esquisses de compositions. 1848. 144 p. -- 3e partie. II, 2. Vocabulaire. 1848. 168 p.

Cours éducatif de langue maternelle : pour les écoles et les familles /

Contiene: 1ère partie. I. Syntaxe de la proposition. 1850. 276 p. -- 1ère partie. II, 1. Conjugaison par propositions. 1850. 126 p. -- 1ère partie. II, 2. Vocabulaire. 1850. 119 p. -- 2ème partie. I. Syntaxe de la phrase à deux propositions. -- 2ème partie. II, 1. Conjugaison. Phrases de deux propositions. -- 2ème partie. II, 2. Vocabulaire. -- 3ème partie. I. Syntaxe de la période. -- 3e partie. II, 1. Esquisses de compositions. -- 3e partie. II, 2. Vocabulaire.

Roads from Rome /

"Three of the papers ... have already appeared in the Atlantic monthly."

Deutsche Altertumskunde /

Bd. 4 includes text of Germania analyzed phrase by phrase.

The theory of William Miller : concerning the end of the world in 1843, utterly exploded ; with some other essays on the same subject.

Mode of access: Internet.

Grammatica linguæ Bohemicæ, oder, Die Böhmische Sprachkunst, bestehend in vier Theilen ... /

References: Mansell 463:150. BM and BN cite earlier 1756 printing.