973 resultados para 420


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The qualities of GaSb substrates commonly used for the preparation of III-V antimonide epilayers were studied before and after growing GaInAsSb multi-layers by MOCVD using PL, FTIR and DCXD together with the electrical properties and EPD value. The correlation between the substrate qualities and epilayer properties was briefly discussed. The good property epilayers of GaInAsSb and, then, the high preformance of 2.3 um photodetectors were achieved only using the good quality GaSb wafers as the substrates.

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Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were grown directly from n-(111) single-crystal silicon (c-Si) substrate based on a solid-liquid-solid mechanism, and Au film was used as a metallic catalyst. The room temperature photoluminescence properties of SiNWs were observed by an Xe lamp with an exciting wavelength of 350 nm. The results show that the SiNWs exhibit a strongly blue luminescent band in the wavelength range 400-480 nm at an emission peak position of 420 nm. The luminescent mechanism of SiNWs indicates that the blue luminescence is attributed to the oxygen-related defects, which are in SiOx amorphous oxide shells around the crystalline core of SiNWs.

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公平性是电子商务协议的基本安全要求之一. CEMBS是一种重要的用于构造公平交换协议的密码部件.分析了现有的CEMBS构造方法中存在的问题,首次提出了一种基于RSA密码体制的简洁、高效、安全的CEMBS构造方法.在此基础上,利用这一新型的CEMBS构建了一类重要的公平交换协议.

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The not only lower but also uniform MEMS chip temperatures can he reached by selecting suitable boiling number range that ensures the nucleate boiling heat transfer. In this article, boiling heat transfer experiments in 10 silicon triangular microchannels with the hydraulic diameter of 55.4 mu m were performed using acetone as the working fluid, having the inlet liquid temperatures of 24-40 degrees C, mass fluxes of 96-360 kg/m(2)s, heat fluxes of 140-420 kW/m(2), and exit vapor mass qualities of 0.28-0.70. The above data range correspond to the boiling number from 1.574 x 10(-3) to 3.219 x 10(-3) and ensure the perfect nucleate boiling heat transfer region, providing a very uniform chip temperature distribution in both streamline and transverse directions. The boiling heat transfer coefficients determined by the infrared radiator image system were found to he dependent on the heat Axes only, not dependent on the mass Axes and the vapor mass qualities covering the above data range. The high-speed flow visualization shows that the periodic flow patterns take place inside the microchannel in the time scale of milliseconds, consisting of liquid refilling stage, bubble nucleation, growth and coalescence stage, and transient liquid film evaporation stage in a full cycle. The paired or triplet bubble nucleation sites can occur in the microchannel corners anywhere along the flow direction, accounting for the nucleate boiling heat transfer mode. The periodic boiling process is similar to a series of bubble nucleation, growth, and departure followed by the liquid refilling in a single cavity for the pool boiling situation. The chip temperature difference across the whole two-phase area is found to he small in a couple of degrees, providing a better thermal management scheme for the high heat flux electronic components. Chen's [11 widely accepted correlation for macrochannels and Bao et al.'s [21 correlation obtained in a copper capillary tube with the inside diameter of 1.95 mm using R11 and HCFC123 as working fluids can predict the present experimental data with accepted accuracy. Other correlations fail to predict the correct heat transfer coefficient trends. New heat transfer correlations are also recommended.

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The analysis and calculation of the compensation for the phase mismatch of the frequency-doubling using the frequency space chirp introduced from prisms are made. The result shows that suitable lens can compensate the phase mismatch in a certain extent resulting from wide femtosecond spectrum when the spectrum is space chirped. By means of this method, the experiment of second harmonic generation is carried out using a home-made femtosecond KLM Ti:sapphire laser and BBO crystal. The conversion efficiency of SHG is 63 %. The average output power of blue light is 320 mW. The central wavelength is 420 nm. The spectrum bandwidth is 5.5 nm. It can sustain the pulse width of 33.6 fs. The tuning range of blue light is 404-420 nm,when the femtosecond Ti:sapphire optical pulse is tuned using the prisms in the cavity.

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以津优1号黄瓜为试材,设3个土壤相对含水量水平(50%~60%、70%~80%、90%~100%)和2个肥料追施量(600kgN·hm-2和420kgP2O5·hm-2,420kgN.hm-2和294kgP2O5·hm-2)处理,研究了不同水肥供应对日光温室黄瓜土壤养分、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响.结果表明:土壤中NH4+-N含量随施肥量的增加而提高,随土壤相对含水量的增加而降低;水肥供给的增加有利于提高土壤中速效磷含量和蔗糖酶活性;肥料增加使土壤中蛋白酶活性降低,而水分降低使土壤中脲酶活性提高.土壤中微生物多样性与土壤中养分含量无显著相关性,与土壤脲酶活性呈显著正相关,与蔗糖酶活性呈显著负相关.土壤相对含水量70%~80%、氮肥追施量600kgN·hm-2和420kgP2O5.hm-2处理的土壤养分含量、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶和脲酶活性较高,且土壤中微生物多样性和均匀度显著高于其他处理,土壤生产潜力最优.

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黄土高原地形三维虚拟是"数字黄土高原"的基础,可为区域水土保持生态建设提供科技支撑。针对直接在地理信息系统软件中观察三维场景存在的控制交互能力不足问题,提出综合利用地理信息系统软件的地形插值算法,基于MFC框架下的OpenGL程序设计的思路,实现地形的真实感三维虚拟。以黄土丘陵沟壑区康家沟小流域为例,等高线数据在AutoCAD和ArcView软件中处理,生成ASCII格式的规则网格DEM数据,依据它们绘制三角形带,采用加权平均法求得各点的法向量,设置光照与材质模式,添加动态天空背景,实现了该流域地形的真实感三维虚拟,并增加交互能力,完成自由漫游与多角度观察。

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为了合成功能化聚哇琳(如质子传导聚喳琳或旋光性聚唆琳)和研究聚哇琳结构与性能之间的关系,合成了含毗咯基单元或含联蔡基单元的聚喳琳和聚葱琳,并对其性质进行了研究,主要内容如下:(1)建立了二乙酰吡咯的合成方法;合成并表征了四种二苯酞基一二氨基单体和五种新型的含毗咯基或联蔡基的二乙酞基单体;并对部分合成方法进行了改进,简化了实验步骤,提高了产率。(2)合成、表征了8种含吡咯基单元的聚喳琳和聚葱琳,这些新的聚合物具有较高的玻璃化转变温度(242-339℃)和出色的热稳定性(514-554℃)。与聚葱琳系列相比,聚哇琳具有较高的热稳定性,在普通溶剂中较好的溶解性和较低的最大吸收波长(λamax)。含有2,5-亚吡咯基的固态聚葱琳表现出少见的高人arnax(565nln)和低的带隙能量(2.02eV)。所有的聚合物在溶液中具有很低的光量子效率(0.01%一10-5%)。它们的激发态寿命为0.28-1.29ns。通过比较聚合物异构体的性质,探讨了分子结构,尤其亚吡咯基结构对聚合物电子结构、热力学和光学性质的影响,提出了聚合物主链上毗咯氢和喳琳氮间的氢键模型并对聚合物异构体性质差异给予解释。(3)考察了聚喳琳的电化学性质,结果表明这些聚合物存在1-3个不可逆氧化电位和1-2个不可逆还原电位,这是聚哇琳文献中未曾报道的现象。(4)以氯化锉作稳定剂,DMAc作溶剂,得到稳定的PBM高浓度溶液;以此溶液浇铸成膜,其热力学性能优良;经磷酸乙醇溶液浸渍掺杂的PBM膜,在157℃质子导电率达到1.5x*10-3Scm-1。(5)合成、表征了含联蔡基团的旋光性聚喳琳,这些新的聚合物具有较高的玻璃化转变温度(201-305℃)、出色的热稳定性(420-497℃)和耐溶剂性能。创门的结晶度较低,在浓硫酸中的旋光活性远大于联蔡单体,其旋光值与聚合物手性单元的过量比例成线性关系,但旋光方向却与单体不同。

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高分子发光材料除应具有优良发光性能外,还需具有优良电子传输性能和空穴传输性能。本论文以此为出发点,将具有优良空穴传输性能的芳胺类化合物和具有优良电子传输性能的噁二唑类化合物,通过无规共聚合调控发光基元和两类传输基元的含量,合成了系列的传输与发光一体化的即V类高分子发光材料,并探讨了聚合物本身的基本特性。同时,设计和制备了相应的单层结构器件和掺杂器件,考察了器件的器件性能。本论文主要工作内容及结果如下:1、成功的利用三类王芳胺类双醛:4,4'-二醛基-(4-辛氧基-苯基)-二苯胺(TPA双醛)、N,N'-二(4-辛氧基一苯基)-N,N'-二(4-甲醛基-苯基)-1,4-苯二胺(PDA双醛)和N,N,-二(4-辛氧基-苯基)-N,N,-二(4-甲醛基-苯基)-4,4' 联苯二胺(TPD双醛)和wittig麟盐无规共聚,得到三个系列双极传输高分子发光材料。2、聚合物主链中同时引入三芳胺类空穴传输基团和噁二唑电子传输基团,提高了器件性能。在TPA系列中,同时含有三芳胺和噁二唑全基团的聚合物比仅含有三芳胺基团聚合物的单层器件亮度及效率分别提高29和22倍,同时使器件的启动电压从9.3V下降到2.7V。在同样比较的情况下,在PDA系列中,聚合物的器件亮度及效率要提高近8倍,同时使器件的启动电压从5.3V下降到4.5V。在TPD系列中,聚合物的器件亮度及效率要提高44和38倍,同时使器件的启动电压从7.5V下降到5.7V。3、含有噁二唑基团聚合物分子的这种D-A体系所具有的分子内电荷转移性质,导致其荧光光谱和电致发光光谱红移。其中,TPA系列和TPD系列的电致发光光谱从绿光红移到了黄绿光,而PDA系列聚合物的电致发光光谱从黄绿光红移到了橙光。4、刚性的噁二唑基团的引入提高了聚合物的热稳定性,T以系列聚合物、PDA系列聚合物和TPD系列聚合物中含有噁二唑基团的聚合物的玻璃化转变温度在112-229℃之间,其热分解温度超过420℃。5、此三个系列聚合物中同时含有空穴和电子传输基元的双极分子溶液的紫外一可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱都有明显的溶剂化效应,表现出较强的分子内电荷转移特性。6、利用TPA系列聚合物中性能最好的聚合物TPA-OXD-PV1的良好电子和空穴传输性质,构造的单层掺杂器件,实现了橙色和红色发光。

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苯多酸作为配体,因有多个可参与配位的羧基,因此,可以和稀土离子生成不同配比而结构特殊的化合物,同时这类化合物具有一系列有趣的性质。本论文选择1,2,4,5-苯四酸(H_4L),1,3,5-苯三酸(H_3L_I),1,2,4-苯三酸(H_3L_(II))和1,2,3-苯三酸(H_3L_(III))作为配体,合成了除P_m以外的十四个镧系元素和Y的络合物。对于稀土和均苯四酸的络合物,除得到了文献曾报导过的4:3组成外,还合成了一个新的系列,其组成为1:1的络合物:Ln·HL·nH_2O(Ln = La-Gd,Er,Y)和Ln·L·NH_4·nH_2O(Ln=Eu,Tb-Lu)。培养出了未见文献报导的稀土Er与均苯四酸络合物的单晶,晶体结构分析指出其组成为[ Er·L·3H_2O]·NH_4·4H_2O,中心离子和配体形成八配位络阴离子,呈畸变的四方反棱柱结构。对所合成的稀土苯多酸络合物(除稀土和1,2,3-苯三酸络合物外),进行了热分析研究,结果表明这类络合物具有很高的热稳定性,空气中,除Ce外,其分解温度均大于420 ℃。指出了络合物热分解机理,对于绝大部分稀土苯多酸络合物。分解分两步进行,第一步络合物脱水,第二步分解为氧化物。镧的苯多酸络合物其分解过程经碱式碳酸盐(LaO)_2 CO_3,最后分解为La_2O_3。络合物DTA分解峰温随稀土原子序有规律地变化,且不同的苯多酸系列络合物呈类似的变化规律,变价元素处于曲线峰谷的位置。测定Ln_4L_3·nH_2O系列络合物的脱水热及脱水和分解表观活化能。系统地研究了络合物在4000-100cm~(-1)范围内的FT-IR光谱,通过对羧基反对称和对称伸缩振动的分析,指出了络合物中羧基的可能配位形式。对组成为Ln·HL·nH_2O(Ln=La-Gd,Y),Ln·L·NH_4·nH_2O (Ln=Tb-Lu),LnL_I·nH_2O (Ln = La-Ho)和LnL_(II)·nH_2O (Ln=Pr-Tm)的络合物,指认了Ln-O链伸缩振动,其振动频率随稀土离子总角动量量子数呈类似“斜W”效应的变化。对于Ln_4L_3·nH_2O,LnL_I·nH_2O和LnL_(II)·nH_2O络合物,随着配体的不同,羧基反对称和对称伸缩振动频率差ΔV以ΔV_(1,3,5)BTA > ΔV_(PMA) > ΔV_(1,2,4)BTA的规律变化。研究了Eu和Tb苯多酸铬合物的萤光相对亮度及其萤光光谱,对Tb络合物,其萤光相对亮度随配体结构的变化有如下变化规律:PMA > 1,2,4 BTA≥1,2,3 BTA > 1,3,5 BTA。Tb的PMA络合物由于其发光强度较大,有可能在实际中得到应用。

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建立了一种基于图像处理的快速瞳孔直径检测算法,运用此算法提取了反映阿片类药物成瘾人员与正常人对瞳孔光反射变化差异的3个特征值:绝对收缩幅度(absolute amplitude of contraction,AAC)、相对收缩幅度(relative amplitude of contraction,RAC)和收缩斜率(SCV,slope of contraction velocity);分别研究了成瘾、性别、近视、年龄、睡眠剥夺等因素对于这3个特征值的影响。不同性别、近视人员、睡眠剥夺人员与正常人之间的3个特征值均无显著差异,成瘾人员与之对比均显著减小。老年人相对于正常青年人,3个特征值都明显减小;与成瘾人员相比,仅在RAC值上有显著差异。结果表明,阿片类药物成瘾人员除了与正常人外,也与其他具有潜在影响瞳孔变化因素的非阿片成瘾人员在瞳孔对光反射的特征值上具有显著差异。该研究的实验数据为进一步建立基于检测瞳孔对光反射其直径发生变化的方法来快速、非接触地鉴别出阿片类药物成瘾人员提供了可靠的依据。

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基于OIF-VSR5-01.0规范,分析了12路并行40Gb/s甚短距离(VSR)光传输转换器模块的实现原理.采用top-down分析方法,使用硬件描述语言verilog,在可编程逻辑器件上完成了时钟数据恢复、基于字节对齐方案的帧同步、信道去斜移、比特间差奇偶校验(BIP)等功能模块的程序设计,实现了SFI-5与OIF-VSR5-01.0电信号格式的相互转换,并在Altera的Stratix II GX 系列的高速现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)上对功能模块进行了功能验证和联合仿真.结果表明所设计的各个功能模块满足系统应用要求,为下一步将系统设计转换为专用集成电路(ASIC)奠定了基础.

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采用分子束外延(MBE)技术,在GaSb(100)衬底上外延生长InAs(4ML)/GaSb(8ML)超晶格(SLs)。研究了生长温度(400~440℃)对超晶格晶体结构和表面形貌的影响。结果表明,420℃生长的超晶格结构完整和表面粗糙度最小,其荧光光谱(PL)峰值波长在约2.54μm处,响应光谱50%截止波长在约2.4μm处。通过控制快门顺序形成InSb和混合两种界面,并发现生长温度强烈影响混合界面InAs/GaSb超晶格结构和表面形貌,而对InSb界面超晶格的影响较小。