Naar verantwoorde zelfregulatie in opvoeding, onderwijs en diagnostiek.

De beoordeling van vorderingen en inzet van (extra) diagnostiek ('indicatiestelling') in het onderwijs kunnen de kans op het ontstaan van problemen bij een kind vergroten. Tijdige herkenning en preventieve ondervanging van de problemen vragen veranderingen in de inhoudelijke, evaluatieve, didactisch-organisatorische en diagnostische systematieken in en rond scholen. Daarom wordt gewerkt aan de opbouw van een inhoudelijk integrerende, pedagogisch-didactische kernstructuur (PDKS). Deze helpt de dialoog en samenwerking tussen opvoedeling(en) of leerling(en), opvoeder(s), leerkracht(en) en andere professionals eenduidig in te richten en te optimaliseren. Didactisch-organisatorische steun wordt verleend door passende software in de vorm van 'Diagnostische, Instructie en Management Systemen' (DIMS). De beoogde veranderingen worden samen met leerkrachten en schoolleidingen ontwikkeld en proefondervindelijk gerealiseerd in enkele scholen voor primair onderwijs. De schoolontwikkeling biedt de contextuele condities ter realisatie van 'verantwoorde zelfregulatie' van elk kind of elke leerling. Dit wordt toegelicht in verschillende praktijkvoorbeelden. Ook worden volgende ontwikkelingen geschetst.

���Optimaliserend Onderwijs��� voor elke leerling. Multiniveau theoretisch ontwerp en praktijkontwikkeling

Een review van onderwijsanalyses en (beleids)onderzoeken verricht in de periode 1916-2015 wijst uit dat de reguliere jaarklassensystematiek in het Nederlandse primair en voortgezet onderwijs aanleiding geeft tot prestatie- en motivatieproblemen bij risico-leerlingen. Dit zijn met name de leerlingen die qua ontwikkelingspotenties of leervorderingen (aanvankelijk) duidelijk naar beneden of naar boven afwijken van leeftijdsgenoten in een groep of klas. Ondervanging van deze problemen lijkt mogelijk via een preventieve systematiek van ���Optimaliserend Onderwijs��� voor elk kind in de v����r- of vroegschoolse educatie en elke leerling in het primair of voortgezet onderwijs. Een eerste vraag betreft de inhoudelijke en vormgevingskenmerken van dit onderwijsontwerp: welke richtlijnen en specificaties daarvan kunnen het onderwijs, spelen en leren voor elke leerling, zo optimaal mogelijk inhoud en vorm geven en hoe ziet een model van dit Optimaliserend Onderwijs eruit? Een tweede vraag is gericht op de realisatie van dit onderwijsontwerp: hoe is deze onderwijssystematiek te ontwikkelen in de Nederlandse schoolpraktijk? Gebruik van de sneeuwbalmethode in met name Nederlandse onderzoeks- en designliteratuur leidt tot beantwoording van de eerste vraag in de vorm van een multiniveau theoretisch ontwerp van ���Optimaliserend Onderwijs���. Kernpunten hierin zijn: landelijke (deel)curricula gekenmerkt door instructievarianten; integratie van dubbele diagnostiek (individueel-longitudinaal en vergelijkend-genormeerd); flexibele certificerings- en diplomeringsstructuur; een ondersteunende schoolorganisatie; gecontroleerde opbrengst-optimalisering per kind of leerling en op instellings- en schoolniveau; per v����r- of vroegschoolse instelling of school(bestuur) kunnen ook vrije ofwel eigen onderwijsinvullingen worden ingericht. Beantwoording van de tweede vraag gebeurt met behulp van (onderzoeks)literatuur over multiniveau onderwijsinnovatie in de schoolpraktijk. Aanbevolen wordt om, op basis van een gezamenlijk besluit van het ministerie van Onderwijs, Cultuur en Wetenschap, de Tweede Kamer, relevante onderwijsinstanties, schoolbesturen en ouderorganisaties, te komen tot inrichting van samenhangende ontwikkelingsprojecten en -onderzoeken. Via een projectenserie in instellingen voor v����r- of vroegschoolse educatie en scholen voor primair en voortgezet onderwijs kan gecontroleerd worden samengewerkt tussen leid(st)ers, leerkrachten en docenten, scholen, ontwikkelings- en andere onderwijsinstellingen, instellingen voor onderzoek en informatietechnologie, en onderwijspolitiek. Tussenresultaten van Optimaliserend Onderwijs worden steeds in andere instellingen en scholen beproefd en verder verspreid.

Optimaliseren van leren in en rond PO, VO en MBO.

In deze presentatie wordt ingegaan op mogelijkheden het onderwijs voor en het leren van jonge kinderen en leerlingen in het PO, VO en MBO te optimaliseren.

���It���s the People That Drive It���: Motivating and Supporting Collaborative Data Use Practices in Three Teacher Education Programs

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

O papel da observa����o na compreens��o da natureza do conhecimento cient��fico : uma proposta did��tica baseada nas rea����es de combust��o

Com vista a abandonar a ideia tradicional de que a observa����o �� objetiva e que, decorrente da objetividade dos factos emp��ricos �� poss��vel estabelecer uma correspond��ncia com a realidade e a verdade, procura-se, atrav��s de uma situa����o experimental problem��tica, inserida num contexto de Hist��ria da Ci��ncia, criar um contexto did��tico apropriado para a compreens��o da rela����o da observa����o com a teoria que a interpreta. Os resultados obtidos no decurso do Projeto lbero-americano de Avalia����o de Atitudes Relativas a Ci��ncia, Tecnologia e Sociedade, atrav��s da aplica����o do Cuestionario de Opiniones sobre Ciencia-Tecnologia-Sociedad mostraram que a conce����o que os alunos t��m sobre a Natureza da Ci��ncia e Tecnologia e sobre a rela����o entre observa����o e teoria n��o �� a mais adequada. A Sequ��ncia de Ensino-Aprendizagem proposta baseia-se na realiza����o de uma atividade experimental problem��tica e na discuss��o dos resultados, relacionando-os com a an��lise e debate de dois textos sobre a Teoria do Flogisto e a Teoria do Oxig��nio.

Estrat��gias para aprender ortografia: O caso da regra contextual nasaliza����o diante de p e b

Disserta����o de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obten����o de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Educacional.

Provable Security for Cryptocurrencies

The past several years have seen the surprising and rapid rise of Bitcoin and other ���cryptocurrencies.��� These are decentralized peer-to-peer networks that allow users to transmit money, tocompose financial instruments, and to enforce contracts between mutually distrusting peers, andthat show great promise as a foundation for financial infrastructure that is more robust, efficientand equitable than ours today. However, it is difficult to reason about the security of cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin is a complex system, comprising many intricate and subtly-interacting protocol layers. At each layer it features design innovations that (prior to our work) have not undergone any rigorous analysis. Compounding the challenge, Bitcoin is but one of hundreds of competing cryptocurrencies in an ecosystem that is constantly evolving. The goal of this thesis is to formally reason about the security of cryptocurrencies, reining in their complexity, and providing well-defined and justified statements of their guarantees. We provide a formal specification and construction for each layer of an abstract cryptocurrency protocol, and prove that our constructions satisfy their specifications. The contributions of this thesis are centered around two new abstractions: ���scratch-off puzzles,��� and the ���blockchain functionality��� model. Scratch-off puzzles are a generalization of the Bitcoin ���mining��� algorithm, its most iconic and novel design feature. We show how to provide secure upgrades to a cryptocurrency by instantiating the protocol with alternative puzzle schemes. We construct secure puzzles that address important and well-known challenges facing Bitcoin today, including wasted energy and dangerous coalitions. The blockchain functionality is a general-purpose model of a cryptocurrency rooted in the ���Universal Composability��� cryptography theory. We use this model to express a wide range of applications, including transparent ���smart contracts��� (like those featured in Bitcoin and Ethereum), and also privacy-preserving applications like sealed-bid auctions. We also construct a new protocol compiler, called Hawk, which translates user-provided specifications into privacy-preserving protocols based on zero-knowledge proofs.

I. Quantal effects in biochemical cooperativity and a proposed mechanism for the differentiation of calcium signaling in synaptic plasticity. II. Evolutionary algorithms for the optimization of methods in computational chemistry

<p>In Part 1 of this thesis, we propose that biochemical cooperativity is a fundamentally non-ideal process. We show quantal effects underlying biochemical cooperativity and highlight apparent ergodic breaking at small volumes. The apparent ergodic breaking manifests itself in a divergence of deterministic and stochastic models. We further predict that this divergence of deterministic and stochastic results is a failure of the deterministic methods rather than an issue of stochastic simulations.</p> <p>Ergodic breaking at small volumes may allow these molecular complexes to function as switches to a greater degree than has previously been shown. We propose that this ergodic breaking is a phenomenon that the synapse might exploit to differentiate Ca$^{2+}$ signaling that would lead to either the strengthening or weakening of a synapse. Techniques such as lattice-based statistics and rule-based modeling are tools that allow us to directly confront this non-ideality. A natural next step to understanding the chemical physics that underlies these processes is to consider \textit{in silico} specifically atomistic simulation methods that might augment our modeling efforts.</p> <p>In the second part of this thesis, we use evolutionary algorithms to optimize \textit{in silico} methods that might be used to describe biochemical processes at the subcellular and molecular levels. While we have applied evolutionary algorithms to several methods, this thesis will focus on the optimization of charge equilibration methods. Accurate charges are essential to understanding the electrostatic interactions that are involved in ligand binding, as frequently discussed in the first part of this thesis.</p>

Automatic identification of whole-part relations in Portuguese

Disserta����o de Mestrado, Ci��ncias da Linguagem, Faculdade de Ci��ncias Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

A RBES for Generating Automatically Personalized Menus

Food bought at supermarkets in, for instance, North America or the European Union, give comprehensive information about ingredients and allergens. Meanwhile, the menus of restaurants are usually incomplete and cannot be normally completed by the waiter. This is specially important when traveling to countries with a di erent culture. A curious example is "calamares en su tinta" (squid in its own ink), a common dish in Spain. Its brief description would be "squid with boiled rice in its own (black) ink", but an ingredient of its sauce is flour, a fact very important for celiacs. There are constraints based on religious believes, due to food allergies or to illnesses, while others just derive from personal preferences. Another complicated situation arise in hospitals, where the doctors' nutritional recommendations have to be added to the patient's usual constraints. We have therefore designed and developed a Rule Based Expert System (RBES) that can address these problems. The rules derive directly from the recipes of the di fferent dishes and contain the information about the required ingredients and ways of cooking. In fact, we distinguish: ingredients and ways of cooking, intermediate products (like sauces, that aren't always made explicit) and final products (the dishes listed in the menu of the restaurant). For a certain restaurant, customer and instant, the input to the RBES are: actualized stock of ingredients and personal characteristics of that customer. The RBES then prepares a "personalized menu" using set operations and knowledge extraction (thanks to an algebraic inference engine [1]). The RBES has been implemented in the computer algebra system MapleTM2015. A rst version of this work was presented at "Applications of Computer Algebra 2015" (ACA'2015) conference. The corresponding abstract is available at [2].

MODELING AND HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATION OF POWER-SPLIT HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Conventional vehicles are creating pollution problems, global warming and the extinction of high density fuels. To address these problems, automotive companies and universities are researching on hybrid electric vehicles where two different power devices are used to propel a vehicle. This research studies the development and testing of a dynamic model for Prius 2010 Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD), a power-split device. The device was modeled and integrated with a hybrid vehicle model. To add an electric only mode for vehicle propulsion, the hybrid synergy drive was modified by adding a clutch to carrier 1. The performance of the integrated vehicle model was tested with UDDS drive cycle using rule-based control strategy. The dSPACE Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulator was used for HIL simulation test. The HIL simulation result shows that the integration of developed HSD dynamic model with a hybrid vehicle model was successful. The HSD model was able to split power and isolate engine speed from vehicle speed in hybrid mode.

Early stage assessment of the inspectability of welded components : A case from the aerospace industry

This paper proposes a method to indicate potential problems when planning dye penetrant and x-ray inspection of welded components. Inspection has been found to be an important part of the manufacturability evaluation made in a large CAD-based parametric environment for making multidisciplinary design simulations in early stages of design at an aircraft component manufacturer. The paper explains how the proposed method is to be included in the design platform at the company. It predicts the expected probability of detection of cracks (POD) in situations where the geometry of the parts is unfavourable for inspection so that potential problems can be discovered and solved in early stages. It is based on automatically extracting information from CAD-models and making a rule-based evaluation. It also provides a scale for how favourable the geometry is for inspection. In the paper it is also shown that the manufacturability evaluation need to take into consideration the expected stresses in the structures, highlighting the importance of multi-disciplinary simulations.

Modelling the generation of customised poetry in Jess

The present paper presents an application that composes formal poetry in Spanish in a semiautomatic interactive fashion. JASPER is a forward reasoning rule-based system that obtains from the user an intended message, the desired metric, a choice of vocabulary, and a corpus of verses; and, by intelligent adaptation of selected examples from this corpus using the given words, carries out a prose-to-poetry translation of the given message. In the composition process, JASPER combines natural language generation and a set of construction heuristics obtained from formal literature on Spanish poetry.

Clase Invertida

En este segundo n��mero de reflexiones pedag��gicas se presenta una revisi��n de la denominada clase invertida (flipped classroom). Este texto presentan los componentes que caracterizan esta estrategia. Se comparan igualmente los elementos que la diferencian de la clase tradicional y se destacan los pasos para adelantar esta innovaci��n y su forma de funcionamiento. De igual manera se muestran algunos indicadores que pueden llevar a una reflexi��n de la pac��fica pedag��gica y se concluye con estudios que muestran sus aportes e investigaciones que la soportan.

Modelo de evaluaci��n de aprendizajes como estrategia de fortalecimiento del Sistema Integral de Gesti��n de la Calidad de la universidad: una mirada desde lo institucional a lo individual como miembro de la comunidad acad��mica

"El siguiente texto tiene como prop��sito inicial hacer una reflexi��n de lo general a lo particular desde la visi��n de un modelo de aseguramiento de la calidad de las universidades, en el marco de la evaluaci��n de los aprendizajes, en busca de hacer un seguimiento real al proceso de formaci��n del estudiante, durante su ciclo acad��mico que deber��a mostrar una s��lida transformaci��n intelectual y de desarrollo personal. En otras palabras, dar cuenta del cumplimiento de una de las principales funciones del quehacer universitario que consiste en ense��ar a los estudiantes para que aprendan y desarrollen habilidades y competencias necesarias para interactuar de manera eficiente en una sociedad del conocimiento orientada al desarrollo y beneficio social com��n. Esto desde una perspectiva institucional, para posteriormente ir hasta el aula y los cursos que orienta el profesor, con el fin de resaltar la importancia de los elementos que debe contemplar la evaluaci��n como parte del proceso de aprendizaje y de esta manera dejar en el ambiente una de las medidas m��s importantes y pertinentes de calidad en la educaci��n universitaria. Es relevante aclarar que aunque en numerosos apartados del documento se ampl��a el espectro a la educaci��n superior, el ��nfasis del texto se centra en el entorno educativo universitario."--Introducci��n.