The genomic substrate for adaptive radiation in African cichlid fish

Cichlid fishes are famous for large, diverse and replicated adaptive radiations in the Great Lakes of East Africa. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying cichlid phenotypic diversity, we sequenced the genomes and transcriptomes of five lineages of African cichlids: the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), an ancestral lineage with low diversity; and four members of the East African lineage: Neolamprologus brichardi/pulcher (older radiation, Lake Tanganyika), Metriaclima zebra (recent radiation, Lake Malawi), Pundamilia nyererei (very recent radiation, Lake Victoria), and Astatotilapia burtoni (riverine species around Lake Tanganyika). We found an excess of gene duplications in the East African lineage compared to tilapia and other teleosts, an abundance of non-coding element divergence, accelerated coding sequence evolution, expression divergence associated with transposable element insertions, and regulation by novel microRNAs. In addition, we analysed sequence data from sixty individuals representing six closely related species from Lake Victoria, and show genome-wide diversifying selection on coding and regulatory variants, some of which were recruited from ancient polymorphisms. We conclude that a number of molecular mechanisms shaped East African cichlid genomes, and that amassing of standing variation during periods of relaxed purifying selection may have been important in facilitating subsequent evolutionary diversification.

El Castellar d’Elx: enigma, proyecto, documento

El proyecto de investigación arqueológica sobre el yacimiento ilicitano del Castellar d’Elx tiene como objetivo documentar, quizá, uno de los yacimientos arqueológicos más interesantes, controvertidos y olvidados que el panorama de la arqueología islámica puede ofrecer en la provincia de Alicante. La investigación ha sido impulsada por el Museo Arqueológico de Alicante (MARQ), con la participación de la Universidad de Alicante y el apoyo del Museo Arqueológico y de Historia de Elche (MAHE). Su objetivo primordial es la explicación histórica del asentamiento a la luz de los convulsos procesos de la formación de una sociedad islámica entre los siglos VIII y X, entre los que se sitúa la problemática de la localización del topónimo árabe al-‘Askar (el campamento), citado por el geógrafo oriental al-Ya’qûbi en su obra Kitab al-buldan, fechada a finales del siglo IX.

Young working girls: a summary of evidence from two thousand social workers

edited for the National Federation of Settlements by Robert A. Woods and Albert J. Kennedy, its secretaries, with an intro. by Jane Addams.

Folk-songs of England,

Pl. no.: 12593, 13678, 12993, 13587, 13652.

[al-Qurʼān, late 8th century?].

Fragment from an early ʻAbbāsid Qurʼān on parchment dyed orange-red (compare cat.11, p.58 in Déroche, The Abbasid tradition, Nasser D. Khalili collection of Islamic art, v.1 and Metropolitan Museum of Art accession nos. 40.164.1a and 40.164.1b) carrying Sūrat Hūd (11) verses 88 through 103 (11:88-11:103).

Pennsylvanian invertebrates of the Mazon Creek area, Illinois : Eurypterida /

"September 17, 1963."

Victoires, conquêtes, désastres, revers et guerres civiles des Français, de 1792 à 1815,

Edited and partially written by C.T. Beauvais de Préau. cf. Quérard, Les supercheries littéraires dévoilées, t. IV, p. 372, and British Museum Catalogue.

Air Force : 50 years of freedom through flight.

Mode of access: Internet.

Naturalists' journal.

Subtitle varies.

The American eclectic

Title from caption

Cassell's history of England.

v. 1. From the Roman invasion to the Wars of Roses -- v. 2. From the Wars of the Roses to the Great Rebellion -- v. 3. From the Great Rebellion to the fall of Marlborough -- v. 4. From the fall of Marlborough to the Peninsular War -- v. 5. From the Peninsular War to the death of Sir Robert Peel -- v. 6. From the death of Sir Robert Peel to the illness of the Prince of Wales -- v. 7. From the illness of the Prince of Wales to the British occupation of Egypt -- v. 8. From the British occupation of Egypt to the opening of Parliament, 1895 -- v. 9. From the opening of Parliament, 1895, to the death of Queen Victoria and accession of Edward VII.

Report of the state geologist.

State geologist: 1881-98, James Hall; 1899-1904, F.J. H. Merrill.

Entomologische Nachrichten.

Mode of access: Internet.

Report.

Included also are reports of the Metropolitan School of Art at Somerset House; Metropolitan Female School; Museum of Ornamental Art; Library of Art; Royal Dublin Society; Derby School of art; London Navigation School; Central School of Art; Geological Survey and Museum of Practical Geology; Registrar of Designs; Museum of Irish Industry; Royal Zoological Society of Ireland; Normal Lace School, Dublin; Industrial Museum of Scotland; National Art Training School, South Kensington; Mining Record Office; Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts; South Kensington Museum; Edinburgh Museum of Science and Art; Royal College of Chemistry; Science and Art Museum, Dublin; National Library of Ireland; Royal School of Mines; Royal College of Science, London; Royal College of Science for Ireland; Council of the Royal Hibernian Academy of Arts; Board of Visitors of the Science and Art Museum, and Royal Botanic Gardens, Dublin.