378 resultados para Paralisia
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Lyme disease (LD) is a systemic infl ammatory changes resulting from direct action and the immune response to the spirochete Borrelia burgdoferi transmitted by inoculation of the fl ow of the genus Ixodes tick and is most commonly found in North America, Europe and Asia. This disease can lead to facial and peripheral neurological manifestations, such as Bell’s palsy, eye changes, disorders in the temporo-mandibular joint in addition to paresthesia of superior and inferior alveolar nerves. In Brazil, the diagnosis of LD is primarily based on clinical presentation, the erythema migrans skin, and epidemiological information of the patient. Recognition of the onset of the DL by health professionals is essential for the correct antibiotic treatment preventing the progression of the disease, and also relevant preventive guidelines for those living or working in endemic areas.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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O Projeto de Extensão Universitária “EQUOTERAPIA: uma atividade motora para o desenvolvimento de Pessoas com deficiências” tem como objetivo oferecer atividades motoras para pessoas com deficiências, promovendo o desenvolvimento dos aspectos neuropsicomotor com a utilização do cavalo. Os resultados encontrados até o momento foram: em relação a praticante do sexo feminino (6 anos) com paralisia cerebral teve como objetivo do programa controle motor, equilíbrio e interação, encontrando-se como resultados parciais: avaliação da postura – evolução de ruim para regular; melhora no posicionamento de cabeça e realinhamento do tronco; controle de tônus muscular; interação - diminuiu a insegurança e aumentou o contato tátil com o cavalo. O praticante do sexo masculino de 10 anos sem quadro clínico conclusivo teve como objetivo controle de tronco, diminuição dos reflexos patológicos, diminuição da hipotonia. Os resultados parciais apresentaram: diferenças quanto aos reflexos patológicos; controle de tronco; equilíbrio; coordenação motora; diminuição da hipotonia. A praticante do sexo feminino de 12 anos com distúrbio emocional teve como objetivo auto-confiança, auto-estima, aprendizagem, relacionamento interpessoal. Em seus resultados parciais observou-se superação da dificuldade com a fase de aproximação e montaria. O praticante do sexo masculino de 12 anos com deficiência visual objetivou em seu programa maiores interesses pelas atividades escolares e equilíbrio corporal. Foi possível analisar nos resultados parciais: melhor relacionamento com familiares; melhora no equilíbrio e coordenação motora; melhora na utilização do Braille. Pudemos assim verificar que a mudança de ambiente (casa e/ou escola – ambiente equoterápico) teve relação com a capacidade de aprendizagem dos praticantes, além disto, analisamos diferenças no comportamento motor dos praticantes, sendo observadas evoluções posturais, coordenação motora, equilíbrio. Conclui-se a importância de desenvolver o projeto de equoterapia, sendo possível aprimorar conhecimentos científicos e analisar diferentes casos.
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Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT
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The joint torque is an important variable related to children with cerebral palsy. The present study analyzed kinetic parameters during elbow flexion and extension movements in healthy and cerebral palsy children. Ten healthy and 10 cerebral palsy children participated of the study. An isokinetic dynamometer was used to measure the elbow mean peak torque, mean angle peak torque, coefficient of variation and acceleration during flexion and extension movements at different angular speeds. The mean peak torque on extension movement in healthy children group was significant higher compared to the cerebral palsy group. The coefficient of variation on both flexion and extension movements was significantly higher in cerebral palsy group. However there were significantly difference on both groups compared the lowest and highest velocities. Although the results showed no difference in flexor peak torque, the acceleration is significantly lower in lowest and highest angular velocity.
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Cochlear implantation is a safe and reliable method for auditory restoration in patients with severe to profound hearing loss. Objective: To describe the surgical complications of cochlear implantation. Materials and Methods: Information from 591 consecutive multichannel cochlear implant surgeries were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were followed-up for at least one year. Forty-one patients were excluded because of missing data, follow-up loss or middle fossa approach. Results: Of 550 cochlear implantation analyzed, 341 were performed in children or adolescents, and 209 in adults. The mean hearing loss time was 6.3 +/- 6.7 years for prelingual loss and 12.1 +/- 11.6 years for postlingual. Mean follow-up was 3.9 +/- 2.8 years. Major complications occurred in 8.9% and minor in 7.8%. Problems during electrode insertion (3.8%) were the most frequent major complication followed by flap dehiscence (1.4%). Temporary facial palsy (2.2%), canal-wall lesion (2.2%) and tympanic membrane lesion (1.8%) were the more frequent minor complications. No death occurred. Conclusion: There was a low rate of surgical complications, most of them been successfully managed. These results confirm that cochlear implant is a safe surgery and most surgical complications can be managed with conservative measures or minimal intervention.
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Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014
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O Relatório Final para a obtenção do Mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar, incidiu sobre a temática “Formação de educadores e professores em Necessidades Educativas Especiais”. Esta investigação teve como principais objetivos, o estudo dos conhecimentos que os educadores possuem bem como as oportunidades de formação que alcançaram relativamente acerca das Necessidades Educativas Especiais (NEE), avaliando assim as necessidades de instrução dos docentes para que estejam adequadamente preparados a receber uma criança com NEE na sala. Para este trabalho, optou-se pela realização de um estudo de natureza quantitativa, tendo como método de recolha de dados a elaboração de um inquérito por questionário. Este instrumento de estudo foi desenvolvido em duas partes. Enquanto a primeira, faz referência a fatores sobre a sua carreira como agente educativo (Idade, anos de experiência, situação atual, tipologia escolar e habilitações literárias), a segunda parte questiona as inquiridas sobre o nível de conhecimento (significado, manifestações e cuidados) e os graus de formação (inicial, contínua, especializada e autónoma) que desenvolveram sobre dez NEE mencionadas no mesmo inquérito (Síndrome de Down, Dislexia, Dotado/Sobredotado, Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo, Paralisia Cerebral, Distrofia Muscular, Cegueira e/ou Surdez, Epilepsia, Perturbação da Hiperatividade com Défice de Atenção e Perturbação de Oposição de Desafio). Na revisão da literatura, precedeu-se à pesquisa de informação relevante tornando-a como base ao estudo desenvolvido. Nesse capítulo, abordaram-se conteúdos teóricos como, a noção de NEE, a sua diversidade e importância para a educação, a génese e significado de inclusão, bem como a sua ligação com as NEE, e por último, a formação de educadores/professores promovendo uma educação inclusiva, dando a conhecer o perfil do professor inclusivo. Com a realização desta investigação concluiu-se, que os educadores consideram a formação inicial sobre as NEE pouco aprofundada, tendo também verificado que a maioria dos docentes não se encontra devidamente preparada para atender às dificuldades das crianças com NEE. Aliás, entre outras conclusões, constatou-se ainda que a principal fonte de obtenção de conhecimento desenvolvida pelas inquiridas é através da pesquisa autónoma. A necessidade de investir em ações de formação nesta área fica, pois, bem evidenciada.
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Este Relatório Final estuda o dia-a-dia de uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral numa sala de ensino regular e numa sala de ensino especial e responde, como ponto de partida, à seguinte pergunta: Que diferenças se destacam, na criança com Paralisia Cerebral, no modo como é acompanhada em ambos as salas? Sendo um trabalho de investigação, que tenta compreender as práticas pedagógicas com uma criança com Paralisia Cerebral, procurou-se realizar um estudo inicial que lhe conferisse o devido suporte teórico, com referências de vários autores, que nos permitissem compreender as práticas observadas. A intenção deste trabalho é perceber e compreender as realidades distintas quer do contexto de ensino regular, quer do contexto de ensino especial. Para tal é necessário recorrer a um método de investigação que permita organizar a informação recolhida e, seguidamente, realizar uma reorganização da mesma informação par possibilitar uma interpretação dos factos. Para compreender as realidades onde a criança com Paralisia Cerebral está inserida, pretende-se considerar o conteúdo deste estudo, respondendo ao problema inicial e a futuras questões que possam corresponder a esta realidade.
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Este trabalho de investigação pretende estudar a opinião das famílias, dos docentes dos vários níveis de ensino e de Educação Especial face à importância da Comunicação Aumentativa e Alternativa enquanto fator de inclusão de crianças com Necessidades Educativas Especiais. Na primeira parte deste projeto, a revisão da literatura aponta para a relevância deste recurso ao nível do desenvolvimento e inclusão destas crianças, proporcionando uma maior interação com o meio que as rodeia e, simultaneamente, uma melhoria ao nível da sua motivação e da sua autoestima. A comunicação reveste-se de extrema importância para qualquer indivíduo, é através dela que exprimimos vontades, desejos, sentimentos e opiniões em relação a tudo o que nos rodeia, interagindo, desta forma, com os outros, de quem esperamos um feedback comunicativo. Como fazer, então, quando alguém não consegue comunicar através da fala? Colmatar ou minimizar essa limitação ao nível da linguagem e da comunicação é o principal propósito da Comunicação Aumentativa e Alternativa que, através do recurso a vários sistemas de comunicação e softwares, proporciona às crianças ou indivíduos com essas limitações, situações de interação e de aprendizagens, dando-lhes a oportunidade de verbalizar o seu pensamento e construir ativamente o seu conhecimento. Assim, neste estudo, procuraremos aferir, de acordo com as opiniões recolhidas, se a Comunicação Aumentativa e Alternativa contribui para o desenvolvimento e inclusão de crianças com Necessidades Educativas Especiais, principalmente, com Paralisia Cerebral, promovendo a sua autoestima e motivação; se os professores se sentem preparados para recorrer a estas ferramentas e se existe, por parte de todos os envolvidos no processo ensino-aprendizagem e também por parte da família uma consciência da importância deste recurso enquanto elemento facilitador da comunicação para crianças com essas limitações. Na primeira parte, procedeu-se ao enquadramento teórico onde se abordam conceitos relevantes para este estudo, tais como, comunicação, linguagem, fala, paralisia cerebral, sistemas de comunicação aumentativa e alternativa, inclusão e escola inclusiva. Na segunda e terceira partes, fez-se a análise dos resultados do inquérito, respondido por 84 docentes e de entrevistas realizadas a três famílias/pais tendo por base a influência das variáveis nas opiniões dos docentes e pais relativamente à importância da ii Comunicação Aumentativa e Alternativa na inclusão dos alunos com Necessidades Educativas Especiais. Este estudo permitiu concluir que a Comunicação Aumentativa e Alternativa pode ser uma ferramenta muito positiva e importante para a aprendizagem e desenvolvimento destas crianças proporcionando-lhes uma maior inclusão em contexto escolar, familiar e social.
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Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia H.B.K. (McVaugh)) is a native Amazon fruit, recognized worldwide as one of the main natural sources of ascorbic acid. Due to its great acidity, this fruit is generally consumed after processing into juice or as ingredient in food preparations. As a co-product of the camu-camu processing, a significant amount of agroindustrial residue is generated. Despite the studies showing the bioactive value and biological potential of the fruit, few studies have approached the possible processing techniques, transformation and preservation of camu-camu fruits and its agroindustrial pomace. Therefore, the present work has the objective of evaluating two different drying processes applied to camu-camu pomace (peel and seeds with residual pulp), freeze drying and hot air drying, in order to obtain a functional fruit product. This thesis was divided into three stages: the first one shows the studies related to the freeze drying and hot air drying, where we demonstrated the impact of the selected drying techniques on the bioactive components of camu-camu, taking the fresh pomace as the control group. Among the investigated conditions, the groups obtained at 50ºC and 4 m/s (SC50) and 80ºC and 6 m/s (SC80) were selected as for further studies, based on their ascorbic acid final content and Folin-Ciocalteau reducing capacity. In addition to SC50 and SC80, the fresh pomace (RF) and freeze dried (RL) samples were also evaluated in these further stages of the research. Overall, the results show higher bioactive concentration in the RF samples, followed by RL, SC50 and SC80. On the second step of the research, the antioxidant, antimicrobial and antienzymatic activities were evaluated and the same tendency was observed. It was also reported, for the first time in the literature, the presence of syringic acid in dried camu-camu pomace. In the third and final stage of the research, it was investigated the effect of dried camu-camu on aging and neuroprotective disorders, using the in vivo model C.elegans. It was observed that camu-camu extracts were able to modulate important signaling genes relevant to thermal and oxidative stresses (p < 0.05). The polar acid, polar basic and polar neutral fractions obtained from the low molecular extracts of SC50 were able to extend the lifespan of wild type N2 C. elegans in 20% and 13% (p < 0.001). Results also showed that the paralysis induced by the β1-42 amyloid was significantly (p < 0.0001) retarded in CL4176 worms. Similarly, the camu-camu extracts attenuated the dopaminergic induction associated to Parkinson’s disease. Finally, a global analysis of the data presented here reveal that the camu-camu pomace, a co-product obtained from the industrial processing of a native Brazilian fruit, is a relevant natural source of health relevant compounds. This thesis, shows for the first time, the multifunctionality of camu-camu pomace, a natural resource still underexploited for scientific, commercial and technological purposes.
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This work evaluated the fresh, spray dried (with 10 % of Arabic Gum) and freeze dried jambolan pulp (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) in regard to physicochemical (pH, moisture, water activity, average particle diameter, solubility and color), bioactive [total phenolic content (TPC), monomeric anthocyanin, pronathocyanidin (PA), total elagic acid (TEA), myricetin and cyanidin] and in vitro functionality (antioxidant, antienzymatic and antimicrobial activities]. In addition, the in vivo functionality of jambolan pulp was investigated using the Caenorhabditis elegans model for insulin signaling, longevity and induced neurodegeneration (Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease related symptoms). The dried jambolan pulp presented TPC retention (50% to 75%), PA (90% to 98%), TEA (31% to 83%), myricetin (40% to 84%), cyanidin (72% to 84%) and antioxidant activity (15%). The fresh jambolan pulp, the freeze dried pulp and the spray dried jambolan pulp presented high enzymatic inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase (4,4 to 5,8 mg/mL), alpha-glycosidase (10,3 to 13,8 mg/mL) and alpha-amylase (8,9 to 11,2 mg/mL). They also were active inhibitors against the pathogen S. aureus. The dried jambolan experimental samples were able to increase the expression of several genes linked to the insulin signaling pathways (SIR-2.1, PPTR-1, DAF-16, SOD-3, e CTL) and increased the lifespan in C. elegans (18,07 % - 24,34 %), besides decreasing the amyloid AB1-42 aggregation induced paralysis and MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) induced neurodegeneration. Based on that, the jambolan pulp and the spray dried jambolan pulp were further selected for the production of caprine frozen yogurt with the addition of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BI-07. The final product were evaluated in regard to their physicochemical (pH, acidity, total solids, protein, total reducing sugars, fat, ashes, overrun, melting test), bioactive (TPC and monomeric anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, probiotic viability and sensory analysis (sensory acceptance). The results showed that samples with probiotic had lowest pH and higher acidity, TPC, anthocyanin and antioxidant activity. It was also observed low overrun (14.2% to 22.6%). vi Samples with probiotic had lower flavor scores. Overall, this research presents the jambolan as a highly functional bioactive-rich fruit with the potential to modulate important biological pathways, extend lifespan and retard the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Jambolan is an underexploited exotic fruit with a high colorant potential and this thesis shows for the first time in the literature important technological, biological and scientific data about this fruit that could be used towards the development of health-oriented food products.
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Introduction. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated polyneuropathy and the principal cause of acute neuromuscular paralysis. The most prominent GBS subtypes are: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) and Fisher syndrome (FS). Differences in geographical distribution of variants have been reported. In Brazil, there are few studies describing the characteristics of GBS, but none on the frequency of GBS variants and their clinical manifestations. Infection-induced aberrant immune response resulting from molecular mimicry and formation of cross-reacting antibodies, contribute to complement activation. Functional biallelic polymorphism in immunoglobulin receptors that influence the affinity of IgG subclasses and the type of immune response have been described, suggesting genetic susceptibility to developing disease. It remains unclear whether individuals carrying different FCGR alleles have differential risk for GBS and⁄or disease severity. The goals of this study were: (1) To characterize GBS and describe the clinical findings in a cohort of patients with GBS from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; (2) to determine whether polymorphism in FCGR were associated with development of GBS, and (3) to tease out whether the global gene expression studies could be a tool to identify pathways and transcriptional networks which could be regulated and decrease the time of disease. Methods. Clinical and laboratory data for 149 cases of GBS diagnosed from 1994 to 2013 were analyzed. Genomic DNA and total RNA were extracted from whole blood. Antigangliosides antibodies were determined in the sera. In addition, we also assessed whether FCGR polymorphism are present in GBS (n=141) and blood donors (n=364), and global gene expressions were determined for 12 participants with GBS. Blood samples were collected at the diagnosis and post-recovery. Results. AIDP was the most frequent variant (81.8%) of GBS, followed by AMAN (14.7%) and AMSAN (3.3%). The incidence of GBS was 0.3 ⁄ 100,000 people for the state of Rio Grande do Norte and cases occurred at a younger age. GBS was preceded by infections, with the axonal variant associated with episodes of diarrhea (P = 0.025). Proximal weakness was more frequent in AIDP, and distal weakness predominant in the axonal variant. Compared to 42.4% of cases with AIDP (P<0.0001), 84.6% of cases with the axonal variant had nadir in <10 days. Individuals with the axonal variant took longer to recover deambulation (P<0.0001). The mortality of GBS was 5.3%. A worse outcome was related to an axonal variant (OR17.063; P=0.03) and time required to improve one point in the Hughes functional scale (OR 1.028; P=0.03). The FCGR genotypes and allele frequencies did not differ significantly between the patients with GBS and the controls (FCGR2A p=0.367 and FCGR3A p=0.2430). Global gene expression using RNAseq showed variation in transcript coding for protein isoforms during acute phase of disease. Conclusions. The annual incidence of GBS was 0.3 per 100,00 and there was no seasonal pattern. A predominance of the AIDP variant was seen, and the incidence of the disease decreased with age. The distribution of weakness is a function of the clinical variants, and individuals with the axonal variant had a poorer prognosis. Early diagnosis and variant identification leads to proper intervention decreasing in long-term morbidity. FCGR polymorphisms do not seem to influence susceptibility to GBS in this population. This study found deregulated genes and signs of transcriptional network alterations during the acute and recovery phases in GBS. Identification of pathways altered during disease might be target for immune regulation and with potential to ameliorate symptoms.
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People bedridden by paralysis/motor disability are subject to several problems due to lack of movement. Then, it is necessary to use equipments that enable the people bedridden stand up and walk, so as to reduce the problems due to lack of movement and the time of rehabilitation, impacting directly on its quality of life. The aim of this work is the development of an exoskeleton to make the movement of people with paralysis / motor impairment in the lower limbs, without help of third parties, to be activated by the user. To provide support, stability and security to the deficient, it was decided to use a structure formed by four legs, being each leg consisting of a parallel chain. The gait was obtained by combining the movement of two mechanisms: crank/rocker, responsible for oscillatory motion of the leg, and cam/follower, responsible for the foot motion on the desired trajectory. To achieve the aim of this work was conducted a study about the types of exoskeletons for locomotion/rehabilitation of people with lower limb paralysis and presented a study on the movement of the lower limb joints. It also presented a mathematical model to obtain the desired path to the foot of the exoskeleton, the static model and the design of the structure elements. In the sequence is presented the simulation of movements of a people during the human gait, experimental tests and the comparison with the human gait developed by a people without disabilities.