Mein Glaubensbekenntniß, angehend den politischen Zustand Deutschlands

Boberach: Der Präsident des Reichsministeriums [des Innern] entwickelt als Programm: Vorrang des Vereinbarungsprinzips, Bundesstaat, Beschränkung der Aufgaben der Nationalversammlung, die praktisch erloschen ist, während die Provisorische Zentralgewalt weiter besteht. Die vieldeutigen Fremdwörter "Revolution" und "Volkssouveränität" sollen durch "Umwälzung" und "Hoheit" ersetzt werden.. - Wentzke: Verfaßt für den Reichsverweser bei Übernahme des Ministeriums am 13. Mai: Die Berechtigung der Nationalversammlung ist durch ihren Auftrag umschrieben: 1. nur konstituierend (=abfassend); 2. Zustimmung der Regierungen vorbehalten; 3. Grundlage der Bundesstaat. Ihre Befugnis, die Reichsminister zur Verantwortung zu ziehen, ist durch Erledigung ihrer Aufgabe (durch Vollbringung oder durch Erkenntnis des Unvermögens) erloschen, während die Zentralgewalt auf Grund des Gesetzes vom 28. Juni [1848 bestehen] bleibt. - Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Samt dem Abdruck eines Schreibens des Constitutionellen Vereins des Kreises Rothenburg () an Grävell

Deutschland's Zolleinigung : Schutz- und Differentialzölle

Boberach: Das in Preußen weit entwickelte Prinzip, die verschiedenen Wirtschaftszweige gleichmäßig zu fördern, soll bestehen bleiben. Handelsfreiheit und mäßiger Schutz des inländischen Gewerbes, weiterer Zusammenschluß im Deutschen Zollverein sollen der deutschen Einheit dienen und Voraussetzung für einen größeren Binnenmarkt sein, insbesondere durch Einschluß der Nordseehäfen. Differentialzölle sollen die Schiffahrt fördern

Denkschrift den Artikel VII. des Entwurfs der Grundrechte des Deutschen Volkes betreffend

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Kritik an einzelnen Paragraphen des Artikels VII. des Grundrechtsentwurfs, das Grundeigentum, das Jagdrecht sowie die Aufhebung der Patrimonialgerichtsbarkeit und der Fideikomisse betreffend

Entwurf zu einem Zolltarif für das vereinte Deutschland : ausgearbeitet und mit Motiven versehen im Gemässheit der Berathungen der in Frankfurt a. M. versammelt gewesenen Abgeordneten des Handelsstandes ; November, 1848

Boberach: Der Entwurf wird begründet und mit den Sätzen des Deutschen Zollvereins verglichen. Er entspricht den Interessen der Kaufleute in norddeutschen Ländern und binnenländischen Handelsstädten und soll für den Zollverein, den Steuerverein und das übrige Norddeutschland, aber nicht für Österreich gelten. Die reinen Finanzzölle sollen zurückgedrängt werden

A Dynamic Route Planning Prototype for Cognitive Cities

A software prototype for dynamic route planning in the travel industry for cognitive cities is presented in this paper. In contrast to existing tools, the prototype enhances the travel experience (i.e., sightseeing) by allowing additional flexibility to the user. The theoretical background of the paper strengthens the understanding of the introduced concepts (e.g., cognitive cities, fuzzy logic, graph databases) to comprehend the presented prototype. The prototype applies an instantiation and enhancement of the graph database Neo4j . For didactical reasons and to strengthen the understanding of this prototype a scenario, applied to route planning in the city of Bern (Switzerland) is shown in the paper.

Die deutsche Wehrverfassung : ein Vorschlag in Form eines Gesetz-Entwurfs

Boberach: Die Linien- und Reservearmee ist durch Bürgerwehr zu ergänzen. Der Deutsche Bund in seiner größten Ausdehnung braucht 18 Korps

Entwurf des deutschen Reichsgrundgesetzes : der Hohen deutschen Bundesversammlung als Gutachten der siebenzehn Männer des öffentlichen Vertrauens überreicht am 26. April 1848

Boberach: Der Deutsche Bund wird ein Bundesstaat mit Einschluß von Posen, Ost- und Westpreußen und Schleswig unter einem Erbkaiser, Anerkennung der Grundrechte, Oberhaus zur Vertretung der Gliedstaaten, Unterhaus als Volksvertretung, Sitz der Reichsgewalt in Frankfurt am Main, Staatsgerichtshof in Nürnberg, Übergang von Diplomatie, Militär, Zoll, Post, Verkehr auf den Bundesstaat

Tracing reinforcement through asymmetrical partner preference in the European common vole Microtus arvalis

Background The mechanistic basis of speciation and in particular the contribution of behaviour to the completion of the speciation process is often contentious. Contact zones between related taxa provide a situation where selection against hybridization might reinforce separation by behavioural mechanisms, which could ultimately fully isolate the taxa. One of the most abundant European mammals, the common vole Microtus arvalis, forms multiple natural hybrid zones where rapidly diverging evolutionary lineages meet in secondary contact. Very narrow zones of hybridization spanning only a few kilometres and sex-specific gene flow patterns indicate reduced fitness of natural hybrids and incipient speciation between some of the evolutionary lineages. In this study, we examined the contribution of behavioural mechanisms to the speciation process in these rodents by fine-mapping allopatric and parapatric populations in the hybrid zone between the Western and Central lineages and experimental testing of the partner preferences of wild, pure-bred and hybrid female common voles. Results Genetic analysis based on microsatellite markers revealed the presence of multiple parapatric and largely non-admixed populations at distances of about 10 km at the edge of the area of natural hybridization between the Western and Central lineages. Wild females from Western parapatric populations and lab-born F1 hybrids preferred males from the Western lineage whereas wild females of Central parapatric origin showed no measurable preference. Furthermore, wild and lab-born females from allopatric populations of the Western or Central lineages showed no detectable preference for males from either lineage. Conclusions The detected partner preferences are consistent with asymmetrical reinforcement of pre-mating reproductive isolation mechanisms in the European common vole and with earlier results suggesting that hybridization is more detrimental to the Western lineage. As a consequence, these differences in behaviour might contribute to a further geographical stabilization of this moving hybrid zone. Such behavioural processes could also provide a mechanistic perspective for frequently-detected asymmetrical introgression patterns in the largely allopatrically diversifying Microtus genus and other rapidly speciating rodents.

Das Reichsoberhaupt

Wentzke: Volkshaus und Staatenhaus [sind] beinahe festgestellt, es fehlt noch die Krönung. Österreich darf nicht ausscheiden, man muß daher eine Einigung suchen. Für Turnus zwischen Österreich und Preußen, jeweils auf Lebenszeit. Um Hereinziehung der Sonderinteressen zu verhindern, ernennt das Reichsoberhaupt jeweils einen Reichsverweser (einen volljährigen Prinzen), der das Reich am Sitz der Reichsregierung vertritt. Dazu Reichsrat der Fürsten und Städte unter dem jeweiligen Nachfolger in der Reichsregierung

Einige Bedenken bei der neuen Verfassung

Boberach: Die für die Freie Stadt Frankfurt vorgesehenen Verfassungsänderungen würden die Bürokratie vermehren. Ihnen muß die Trennung des Staatsvermögens vom Vermögen der Stadt und der Landgemeinden vorausgehen. Das alte Wahlrecht nach Ständen hat sich bewährt

Leichenrede : gesprochen am Grabe der am 18. September gewaltsam Ermordeten und der im Kampfe gegen die Aufständischen Gefallenen ; (der Erlöß zu Gunsten Aller beim Kampfe Verwundeten)

Boberach: Für die Ermordung von Auerswald und Lichnowsky sind die radikalen Demokraten verantwortlich, die das Volk verführen. Freiheit, Gleichheit, Brüderlichkeit und Einheit sind nur zu verwirklichen, wenn die Lehren des Christentums befolgt werden

Oxygen-transfer performance of a newly designed, very low-volume membrane oxygenator.

OBJECTIVES Oxygenation of blood and other physiological solutions are routinely required in fundamental research for both in vitro and in vivo experimentation. However, very few oxygenators with suitable priming volumes (<2-3 ml) are available for surgery in small animals. We have designed a new, miniaturized membrane oxygenator and investigated the oxygen-transfer performance using both buffer and blood perfusates. METHODS The mini-oxygenator was designed with a central perforated core-tube surrounded by parallel-oriented microporous polypropylene hollow fibres, placed inside a hollow shell with a lateral-luer outlet, and sealed at both extremities. With this design, perfusate is delivered via the core-tube to the centre of the mini-oxygenator, and exits via the luer port. A series of mini-oxygenators were constructed and tested in an in vitro perfusion circuit by monitoring oxygen transfer using modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer or whole porcine blood. Effects of perfusion pressure and temperature over flows of 5-60 ml × min(-1) were assessed. RESULTS Twelve mini-oxygenators with a mean priming volume of 1.5 ± 0.3 ml were evaluated. With buffer, oxygen transfer reached a maximum of 14.8 ± 1.0 ml O2 × l(-1) (pO2: 450 ± 32 mmHg) at perfusate flow rates of 5 ml × min(-1) and decreased with an increase in perfusate flow to 7.8 ± 0.7 ml ml O2 × l(-1) (pO2: 219 ± 24 mmHg) at 60 ml × min(-1). Similarly, with blood perfusate, oxygen transfer also decreased as perfusate flow increased, ranging from 33 ± 5 ml O2 × l(-1) at 5 ml × min(-1) to 11 ± 2 ml O2 × l(-1) at 60 ml × min(-1). Furthermore, oxygen transfer capacity remained stable with blood perfusion over a period of at least 2 h. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a new miniaturized membrane oxygenator with an ultra-low priming volume (<2 ml) and adequate oxygenation performance. This oxygenator may be of use in overcoming current limitations in equipment size for effective oxygenation in low-volume perfusion circuits, such as small animal extracorporeal circulation and ex vivo organ perfusion.

p73 regulates basal and starvation-induced liver metabolism in vivo

As a member of the p53 gene family, p73 regulates cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, neurogenesis, immunity and inflammation. Recently, p73 has been shown to transcriptionally regulate selective metabolic enzymes, such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutaminase-2, resulting in significant effects on metabolism, including hepatocellular lipid metabolism, glutathione homeostasis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In order to further investigate the metabolic effect of p73, here, we compared the global metabolic profile of livers from p73 knockout and wild-type mice under both control and starvation conditions. Our results show that the depletion of all p73 isoforms cause altered lysine metabolism and glycolysis, distinct patterns for glutathione synthesis and Krebs cycle, as well as an elevated pentose phosphate pathway and abnormal lipid accumulation. These results indicate that p73 regulates basal and starvation-induced fuel metabolism in the liver, a finding that is likely to be highly relevant for metabolism-associated disorders, such as diabetes and cancer.

Oxygen-transfer performance of a newly designed, very low-volume membrane oxygenator

Gebiet: Chirurgie Biomedizintechnik Biophysik Transplantationsmedizin Kardiologie Abstract: OBJECTIVES: – Oxygenation of blood and other physiological solutions are routinely required in fundamental research for both in vitro and in vivo experimentation. However, very few oxygenators with suitable priming volumes (<2-3 ml) are available for surgery in small animals. We have designed a new, miniaturized membrane oxygenator and investigated the oxygen-transfer performance using both buffer and blood perfusates. – – METHODS: – The mini-oxygenator was designed with a central perforated core-tube surrounded by parallel-oriented microporous polypropylene hollow fibres, placed inside a hollow shell with a lateral-luer outlet, and sealed at both extremities. With this design, perfusate is delivered via the core-tube to the centre of the mini-oxygenator, and exits via the luer port. A series of mini-oxygenators were constructed and tested in an in vitro perfusion circuit by monitoring oxygen transfer using modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer or whole porcine blood. Effects of perfusion pressure and temperature over flows of 5-60 ml × min(-1) were assessed. – – RESULTS: – Twelve mini-oxygenators with a mean priming volume of 1.5 ± 0.3 ml were evaluated. With buffer, oxygen transfer reached a maximum of 14.8 ± 1.0 ml O2 × l(-1) (pO2: 450 ± 32 mmHg) at perfusate flow rates of 5 ml × min(-1) and decreased with an increase in perfusate flow to 7.8 ± 0.7 ml ml O2 × l(-1) (pO2: 219 ± 24 mmHg) at 60 ml × min(-1). Similarly, with blood perfusate, oxygen transfer also decreased as perfusate flow increased, ranging from 33 ± 5 ml O2 × l(-1) at 5 ml × min(-1) to 11 ± 2 ml O2 × l(-1) at 60 ml × min(-1). Furthermore, oxygen transfer capacity remained stable with blood perfusion over a period of at least 2 h. – – CONCLUSIONS: – We have developed a new miniaturized membrane oxygenator with an ultra-low priming volume (<2 ml) and adequate oxygenation performance. This oxygenator may be of use in overcoming current limitations in equipment size for effective oxygenation in low-volume perfusion circuits, such as small animal extracorporeal circulation and ex vivo organ perfusion. – – © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Long-bone fractures in persons with spinal cord injury

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective data analysis. OBJECTIVES To document fracture characteristics, management and related complications in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). SETTING Rehabilitation centre for SCI individuals. METHOD Patients' records were reviewed. Patients with traumatic SCI and extremity fractures that had occurred after SCI were included. Patient characteristics, fractured bone, fracture localisation, severity and management (operative/conservative), and fracture-related complications were extracted. RESULTS A total of 156 long-bone fractures in 107 SCI patients (34 women and 73 men) were identified. The majority of patients were paraplegics (77.6%) and classified as American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A (86.0%). Only the lower extremities were affected, whereby the femur (60.9% of all fractures) was fractured more frequently than the lower leg (39.1%). A total of 70 patients (65.4%) had one fracture, whereas 37 patients (34.6%) had two or more fractures. Simple or extraarticular fractures were most common (75.0%). Overall, 130 (83.3%) fractures were managed operatively. Approximately half of the femur fractures (48.2%) were treated with locking compression plates. In the lower leg, fractures were mainly managed with external fixation (48.8%). Conservative fracture management was applied in 16.7% of the cases and consisted of braces or a well-padded soft cast. Fracture-associated complications were present in 13.5% of the cases but did not differ significantly between operative (13.1%) and conservative (15.4%) fracture management. CONCLUSION SCI was associated with simple or extraarticular fractures of the distal femur and the lower leg. Fractures were mainly managed operatively with a low complication rate.