874 resultados para GARCIA LORCA, FEDERICO


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The city of Lorca (Spain) was hit on May 11th 2011 by two consecutive earthquakes with 4.6 and 5.2 Mw respectively, causing casualties and important damage in buildings. Lorca is located in the south-east region of Spain and settled on the trace of the Murcia-Totana-Lorca fault. Although the magnitudes of these ground motions were not severe, the damage observed was considerable over a great amount of buildings. More than 300 of them have been demolished and many others are being retrofitted. This paper reports a field study on the damage caused by these earthquakes. The observed damage is related with the structural typology. Further, prototypes of the damaged buildings are idealized with nonlinear numerical models and their seismic behavior and proneness to damage concentration is further investigated through dynamic response analyses.

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A novel algorithm based on bimatrix game theory has been developed to improve the accuracy and reliability of a speaker diarization system. This algorithm fuses the output data of two open-source speaker diarization programs, LIUM and SHoUT, taking advantage of the best properties of each one. The performance of this new system has been tested by means of audio streams from several movies. From preliminary results on fragments of five movies, improvements of 63% in false alarms and missed speech mistakes have been achieved with respect to LIUM and SHoUT systems working alone. Moreover, we also improve in a 20% the number of recognized speakers, getting close to the real number of speakers in the audio stream

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On Wednesday 11th May 2011 at 6:47 pm (local time) a magnitude 5.1 Mw earthquake occurred 6 km northeast of Lorca with a depth of around 2 km. As a consequence of the shallow depth and the small epicentral distance, important damage was produced in several masonry constructions and even led to the collapse of some of them. Pieces of the facades of several buildings fell down onto the sidewalk, being one of the reasons for the killing of a total of 9 people. The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze the failure patterns observed in unreinforced masonry buildings ranging from 3 to 8 floors in height. First, a brief description of the local building practices of masonry buildings is given. Then, the most important failure types of masonry buildings are described and discussed. After that, a more detailed analysis of one particular building is presented.

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Se presenta aquí la experiencia docente llevada a cabo en la Unidad de Proyectos 23 dirigida por el profesor Federico Soriano en la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Esta metodología, que viene siendo implementada y desarrollada desde el curso 2007-2008, opera desde la postproducción, es decir, la manipulación de un material preexistente, para actuar sobre él y terminar con- cretándolo en representación arquitectónica. El trabajo se realiza en equipos de tres personas, desconocidas entre sí, una por cada universidad implicada en el progreso de cada cuatrimestre. La entrega final consiste en un documento gráfico, una planta, en for- mato doble DIN-A0, una escala que permite una definición constructiva y material intensa, y una maqueta, tamaño DIN-A1, para aportar condiciones espaciales y experimentales que el soporte papel limita. La metodología del curso procura que el estudiante se enfrente ya en este punto de su formación a una situación similar a la que encontrará tras su paso por la universidad: el trabajo con materiales ajenos y cola- boradores extraños. Se sostiene que la producción y el pensamiento se dan a través de las herramientas gráficas utilizadas, establecidas por los utensilios que estén a la disposición del estudiante. Se considera que hoy en día las herramientas gráficas, tanto de referencia visual como de dibujo se encuentran en el mismo plano técnico. Por lo tanto el resultado del trabajo realizado no serán meros dibujos, sino instrumentos técnicos que permitan controlar, manipular y describir el espacio arquitectónico con todos sus datos técnic- os, materiales o programáticos.

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Actualmente, diversos terremotos han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de planificar las ciudades y la gran influencia que tiene el comportamiento de los edificios como consecuencia de los resultados de pérdidas humanas y económicas. Ante la imposibilidad de evitar la ocurrencia de terremotos y de predecirlos con un margen pequeño de tiempo para tomar acciones a corto plazo, la reducción de la vulnerabilidad de los elementos expuestos es la medida más eficaz para prevenir los daños y para evitar el desastre. Existen varios estudios anteriores de Norman B. Green (1980), Teresa Guevara López (2009 y 2012) que recogen criterios ya generalizados dentro de la bibliografía sísmica y algunos aspectos procedentes de norma sísmicas precursoras en este campo (por ejemplo, las peruanas) para establecer inicialmente unos principios urbanístico-sísmicos. Además, varios proyectos relacionados con el riesgo sísmico, RisK-Ue (2003), SERAMAR (Lars Abrahamczyk et al., 2013) han desarrollado metodologías que clasifican la vulnerabilidad de los edificios teniendo en cuenta modificadores por comportamientos y configuraciones irregulares sísmicamente. El presente trabajo desarrolla una metodología empírica para identificar y caracterizar los parámetros urbanísticos que determinan una respuesta sísmica irregular de las edificaciones, graduar su relación con el daño tras un terremoto y poder así disminuir la vulnerabilidad sísmica de las ciudades. La metodología desarrollada en esta tesis doctoral se aplica en la ciudad de Lorca, Región de Murcia. Se realiza un trabajo de campo donde se clasifican los edificios según su tipología estructural y sus parámetros urbanísticos. A través de un estudio estadístico se analiza la correlación con el daño de las edificaciones tras el terremoto del 11 de mayo de 2011. Previamente se ha hecho una clasificación de los edificios según la clase de suelo en la que se encuentran según el Eurocódigo8 (Navarro et al, 2012). Por último, se aplica la metodología para obtener una estimación de la habitabilidad de los edificios en Lorca post sismo. Para esta clasificación se ha adoptado el criterio recogido en diversas recomendaciones internacionales, la mayoría de las cuales se basan en la documentación generada por el ATC- Applied Technology Council, distinguiendo entre edificios habitables (no daño-daño no estructural) y edificios no habitables (daño estructural). ABSTRACT Currently, various earthquakes have made clear first, the importance of city planning and secondly, the great influence that has the behaviour of buildings as a consequence of the results of human and economic losses. Faced with the impossibility of avoiding the occurrence of earthquakes and predicting its with a small margin of time to take action in the short term, the reduction of the vulnerability of exposed elements is the most effective measure to prevent damage and to prevent the disaster. There are several previous studies, Norman B. Green (1980), Teresa Guevara López (2009-2012) collecting criteria already widespread within the seismic bibliography and we can find some aspects from standard seismic precursor in this field (for example, the Peruvian) to initially establish urban - seismic principles. In addition, several projects related to seismic risk, RisK-EU (2003), SERAMAR (Lars Abrahamczyk et al., 2013) have developed methodologies that classify the vulnerability of buildings taking into account modifiers for behaviours and irregular configurations in seismical terms. This paper develops an empirical methodology to identify and characterize the irregular urban parameters seismically, graduate its relationship with the building damages after an earthquake and thus reduce the seismic vulnerability of cities. The methodology developed in this thesis applies in the city of Lorca, Region of Murcia. Fieldwork where buildings are classified according to their structural type and its urban performance parameters. Through a statistical study the correlation with damage of buildings is analyzed after the earthquake of May 11, 2011. Previously a classification of the buildings has been made according to the kind of soil according to the Eurocodigo 8 (Navarro et al, 2012). Finally, you get an estimate of the building habitability in Lorca. As a result, this classification adopted the criterion contained in various international recommendations, most of which are based on the documentation published by the ATC - Applied Technology Council, habitable buildings (not damage -damage non-structural) and non habitable buildings (structural damage).

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On Wednesday 11th May 2011 at 6:47 pm (local time) a magnitude 5.1 Mw earthquake occurred 6 km northeast of Lorca with a depth of around 5 km. As a consequence of the shallow depth and the small epicentral distance, important damage was produced in several masonry constructions and even led to the collapse of one of them. Pieces of the facades of several buildings fell down onto the sidewalk, being one of the reasons for the killing of a total of 9 people. The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze the failure patterns observed in reinforced concrete frame buildings with masonry infill walls ranging from 3 to 8 floors in height. Structural as well as non-structural masonry walls suffered important damage that led to redistributions of forces causing in some cases the failure of columns. The importance of the interaction between the structural frames and the infill panels is analyzed by means of non-linear Finite Element Models. The resulting load levels are compared with the member capacities and the changes of the mechanical properties during the seismic event are described and discussed. In the light of the results obtained the observed failure patterns are explained. Some comments are stated concerning the adequacy of the numerical models that are usually used during the design phase for the seismic analysis.

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El presente proyecto constituye una ampliación del proyecto final de carrera “Análisis del terremoto de Lorca 2011 mediante un Sistema de Información Geográfica” realizado en abril de 2013. Esta ampliación se centra en el estudio de la susceptibilidad del terreno a sufrir deslizamientos de laderas, con una aplicación en el municipio de Lorca, localizado en la Región de Murcia. Posteriormente, se realiza una comparativa entre los resultados de este estudio y los deslizamientos de ladera ocasionados por el terremoto de Lorca 2011. Para hacer el estudio de susceptibilidad, se ha partido del Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG) diseñado en el proyecto anterior y se ha completado con más capas de información geográfica, referentes a la estimación de la susceptibilidad del terreno, como BCN25, mapa geotécnico, de ocupación del suelo... Todo proceso relacionado con la prevención y gestión de desastres naturales demanda la elaboración de una cartografía temática relativa a los aspectos a tratar. En este proyecto se detalla el proceso de producción de mapas de susceptibilidad del suelo a los deslizamientos usando como herramienta fundamental un SIG. Éste permite, en primer lugar, integrar, homogeneizar y analizar todas las variables que intervienen en el análisis de la susceptibilidad (pluviometría, características geotécnicas del suelo, altitud, pendiente...), en segundo lugar, integrar todos los factores intervinientes para obtener un mapa de susceptibilidad y, por último, incorporar los deslizamientos de ladera desencadenados por el terremoto de Lorca 2011 y compararlos con el mapa de susceptibilidad.

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Artículo incluido en la recopilación "Sobre monumentos y otros escritos". Paginación original de la revista Arquitectura: 10-14

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Diario de viaje correspondiente al alumno Federico de Castro Manuscrito : prácticas de 6º curso

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Face to Face. Agustín Fernández Mallo. Federico Soriano. 30.06.2014. En Arquitectura Nº 370. Noviembre 2014. (ISSN 0004-2706) Pág. 054-062.

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The city of Lorca (Spain) was hit on May 11th, 2011, by two consecutive earth-quakes of magnitudes 4.6 and 5.2 Mw, causing casualties and important damage in buildings. Many of the damaged structures were reinforced concrete frames with wide beams. This study quantifies the expected level of damage on this structural type in the case of the Lorca earth-quake by means of a seismic index Iv that compares the energy input by the earthquake with the energy absorption/dissipation capacity of the structure. The prototype frames investigated represent structures designed in two time periods (1994–2002 and 2003–2008), in which the applicable codes were different. The influence of the masonry infill walls and the proneness of the frames to concentrate damage in a given story were further investigated through nonlinear dynamic response analyses. It is found that (1) the seismic index method predicts levels of damage that range from moderate/severe to complete collapse; this prediction is consistent with the observed damage; (2) the presence of masonry infill walls makes the structure very prone to damage concentration and reduces the overall seismic capacity of the building; and (3) a proper hierarchy of strength between beams and columns that guarantees the formation of a strong column-weak beam mechanism (as prescribed by seismic codes), as well as the adoption of counter-measures to avoid the negative interaction between non-structural infill walls and the main frame, would have reduced the level of damage from Iv=1 (collapse) to about Iv=0.5 (moderate/severe damage)