Concept maps as a tool to analyze the ideas of teacher training students regarding what to teach on human nutrition in Primary Education

Concept maps are a technique used to obtain a visual representation of a person's ideas about a concept or a set of related concepts. Specifically, in this paper, through a qualitative methodology, we analyze the concept maps proposed by 52 groups of teacher training students in order to find out the characteristics of the maps and the degree of adequacy of the contents with regard to the teaching of human nutrition in the 3rd cycle of primary education. The participants were enrolled in the Teacher Training Degree majoring in Primary Education, and the data collection was carried out through a training activity under the theme of what to teach about Science in Primary School? The results show that the maps are a useful tool for working in teacher education as they allow organizing, synthesizing, and communicating what students know. Moreover, through this work, it has been possible to see that future teachers have acceptable skills for representing the concepts/ideas in a concept map, although the level of adequacy of concepts/ideas about human nutrition and its relations is usually medium or low. These results are a wake-up call for teacher training, both initial and ongoing, because they shows the inability to change priorities as far as the selection of content is concerned.

Prioritizing Purposes: Two American History Teachers' Choices Among Subject Matter and Classroom-Related Purposes

This study explores how two American history teachers - one novice and one experienced – make in-the-moment choices among their history subject matter and classroom-related purposes during the teaching of an American history unit. Using classroom observations, lesson artifacts, student work products, and deep, retrospective interviews with the teachers as they watched videos of their teaching, this study maps out in detail the teachers’ purposes, both within and across different lesson activity structures. This study finds that the novice and the experienced teacher navigated among their purposes differently from each other, and that the characteristics of each teacher’s purposes navigation aligned with student outcomes in that teacher’s class. The novice teacher acted more like a juggler, with visible, reactive navigation among each purpose operational throughout his teaching; student outcomes in his class were similarly fragmented and discrete. The experienced teacher presented more like an orchestra conductor, interweaving his purposes and anticipating the navigation decisions that would create a more seamless whole; student outcomes in his class were aligned with his holistic navigation of purposes. Findings from this study have important implications for education research and teacher practice, including the relationship between teachers’ navigation among purposes and desired student outcomes, the integral role of classroom-related purposes interwoven with history subject matter purposes in teachers’ decision-making, and the differences in purposes navigation between a novice and an experienced history teacher.

Keeping the promise? Contextualizing inclusive education in developing countries

Inclusive education became a global promise corroborated by international declarations such as the Salamanca Statement (1994) and the Incheon Declaration (2015). Most countries worldwide have committed to the goal of inclusive education, putting a lot of pressure on so-called developing countries. Against this backdrop the threefold purpose of this book is to: 1. Generate research evidence on the development and implementation of inclusive education in developing countries, 2. Contextualize inclusive education in specific developing countries and contexts, and 3. Reflect on the future of inclusive education in developing countries. (DIPF/Orig.)

EXAMINING SECONDARY MATHEMATICS TEACHER CANDIDATES’ LEARNING AND ENACTMENT OF MATHEMATICS TEACHING PRACTICES: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY

This qualitative case study explored three teacher candidates’ learning and enactment of discourse-focused mathematics teaching practices. Using audio and video recordings of their teaching practice this study aimed to identify the shifts in the way in which the teacher candidates enacted the following discourse practices: elicited and used evidence of student thinking, posed purposeful questions, and facilitated meaningful mathematical discourse. The teacher candidates’ written reflections from their practice-based coursework as well as interviews were examined to see how two mathematics methods courses influenced their learning and enactment of the three discourse focused mathematics teaching practices. These data sources were also used to identify tensions the teacher candidates encountered. All three candidates in the study were able to successfully enact and reflect on these discourse-focused mathematics teaching practices at various time points in their preparation programs. Consistency of use and areas of improvement differed, however, depending on various tensions experienced by each candidate. Access to quality curriculum materials as well as time to formulate and enact thoughtful lesson plans that supported classroom discourse were tensions for these teacher candidates. This study shows that teacher candidates are capable of enacting discourse-focused teaching practices early in their field placements and with the support of practice-based coursework they can analyze and reflect on their practice for improvement. This study also reveals the importance of assisting teacher candidates in accessing rich mathematical tasks and collaborating during lesson planning. More research needs to be explored to identify how specific aspects of the learning cycle impact individual teachers and how this can be used to improve practice-based teacher education courses.

Las inteligencias múltiples en el proceso del aprendizaje de EGB

En el marco de la investigación: Las inteligencias múltiples en el proceso del aprendizaje de EGB, situada en el área de la Psicología Educativa y el Currículo, sebusca dar una contribución dentro del aprendizaje y de la planificación, presentando estrategias de enseñanza – aprendizaje, para desarrollar las inteligencias dentro de la Actualización y Fortalecimiento Curricular correspondiente a los siete primeros años de Educación General Básica (EGB). El propósito de esta tesis es encontrar la relación entre las inteligencias múltiples y el proceso de aprendizaje en EGB, planteando estrategias metodológicas que desarrollen destrezas con criterio de desempeño que potencien las inteligencias múltiples, en las diferentes áreas del aprendizaje y en los distintos niveles de educación. La metodología a usar en esta investigación fue la bibliográfica documental. Se revisaron artículos científicos, tesis, monografías relacionadas con las categorías de la investigación. La investigación intentó responder las siguientes preguntas: ¿Qué son las inteligencias múltiples?¿Cuál es la relación entre las inteligencias múltiples y los aprendizajes de EGB?¿Quéplantea la Actualización y Fortalecimiento Curricular sobre el trabajo de las inteligencias? ¿Existen actividades de enseñanza – aprendizaje en el currículo de EGB que recurre a las inteligencias múltiples?Para dar respuesta a cada una de las interrogantes se utilizó la metodología descriptiva. Un resultado alcanzado es que es posible la relación de las inteligencias múltiples con las destrezas con criterio desempeño pues como verán más adelante varias destrezas desarrollan las IM planteadas. Por otro lado, la presente investigación muestra estrategias para el desarrollo de cada inteligencia.

Sex-Positive Curricula: An Investigation of the Relationship Between Physical Fitness, Self-Concept and Sexual Functioning

Despite the well-recognized benefits of exercise, Americans are gaining weight in astounding proportions and levels of physical activity are on the decline. The purpose of this study was to investigate a relationship between physical fitness, self-concept and sexual health. There is a dearth of knowledge on this relationship specifically in the context of sex-negative curricula, which is the dominate discourse in the United States. One hundred and thirty-three participants between the ages of 18 - 50 volunteered for fitness testing and data collection. Physical fitness was assessed through body fat, resting metabolic rate, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility. Self-reported exercise was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Self-concept was measured by the Six Factor Self-Concept Scale, which presented a total self-concept score and as six individual concepts of self (likability, morality, task accomplishment, giftedness, power and vulnerability). Additionally, sexual function was measured by Derogatis Interview for Sexual Functioning and presented as both an aggregate score and five separate constructs of sexual functioning (fantasy/cognition, arousal, orgasm, behavior/experience, and drive/desire). Questions pertaining to sexual partners, sex education, and demographic information were also included. The results of the General Linear Model indicated significant relationships between physical fitness, self-concept and total sexual functioning. The sexual behavior/experience of men was predicted by body fat percentage and flexibility. In women, behavior/experience was predicted by body fat percentage and arousal was predicted by cardiovascular endurance. Total self-concept was related to muscular endurance. When men were isolated in the analysis, likability was positively related to sexual behavior/experience, and task accomplishment was inversely related to sexual behavior/experience. In women, giftedness was related to cognition/fantasy, arousal, orgasm and total sexual functioning. No relationships were found between physical fitness and the number of sexual partners in men; however, both muscular strength and the power self-concept were significantly related to number of sexual partners in women. As a result of these findings, women may be inclined to exercise to improve arousal and sexual functioning. Furthermore, educators should note the findings of a positive relationship between physical and psychological health and sexual well-being because they provide support for the development and adoption of sex-positive curricula that incorporate potential benefits of sexual activity.

The use of computer technology to compare and analyze community college dissertations

A purpose of this research study was to demonstrate the practical linguistic study and evaluation of dissertations by using two examples of the latest technology, the microcomputer and optical scanner. That involved developing efficient methods for data entry plus creating computer algorithms appropriate for personal, linguistic studies. The goal was to develop a prototype investigation which demonstrated practical solutions for maximizing the linguistic potential of the dissertation data base. The mode of text entry was from a Dest PC Scan 1000 Optical Scanner. The function of the optical scanner was to copy the complete stack of educational dissertations from the Florida Atlantic University Library into an I.B.M. XT microcomputer. The optical scanner demonstrated its practical value by copying 15,900 pages of dissertation text directly into the microcomputer. A total of 199 dissertations or 72% of the entire stack of education dissertations (277) were successfully copied into the microcomputer's word processor where each dissertation was analyzed for a variety of syntax frequencies. The results of the study demonstrated the practical use of the optical scanner for data entry, the microcomputer for data and statistical analysis, and the availability of the college library as a natural setting for text studies. A supplemental benefit was the establishment of a computerized dissertation corpus which could be used for future research and study. The final step was to build a linguistic model of the differences in dissertation writing styles by creating 7 factors from 55 dependent variables through principal components factor analysis. The 7 factors (textual components) were then named and described on a hypothetical construct defined as a continuum from a conversational, interactional style to a formal, academic writing style. The 7 factors were then grouped through discriminant analysis to create discriminant functions for each of the 7 independent variables. The results indicated that a conversational, interactional writing style was associated with more recent dissertations (1972-1987), an increase in author's age, females, and the department of Curriculum and Instruction. A formal, academic writing style was associated with older dissertations (1972-1987), younger authors, males, and the department of Administration and Supervision. It was concluded that there were no significant differences in writing style due to subject matter (community college studies) compared to other subject matter. It was also concluded that there were no significant differences in writing style due to the location of dissertation origin (Florida Atlantic University, University of Central Florida, Florida International University).

Aspectos da educação do corpo no curriculo de pedagogia

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A disciplina recreação e lazer no curriculo de formação de profissionais de Educação Fisica : o que dizem e fazem professores em Universidade do Nordeste do Brasil

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Socorros de urgencia e a preparação do profissional de Educação Fisica

Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

Oral Health Promotion Through an Online Training Program for Medical Students

The objective of this study was to compare the impact on knowledge and counseling skills of face-to-face and Internet-based oral health training programs on medical students. Participants consisted of 148 (82 percent) of the 180 invited students attending their fifth academic year at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brasil, in 2007. The interventions took place during a three-month training period in the clinical Center for Health Promotion, which comprised part of a clerkship in Internal Medicine. The students were divided into four groups: 1) Control Group (Control), with basic intervention; 2) Brochure Group (Br), with basic intervention plus complete brochure with oral health themes; 3) Cybertutor Group (Cy), with basic intervention plus access to an Internet-based training program about oral health themes; and 4) Cybertutor + Contact Group (Cy+C), the same as Cy plus brief proactive contact with a tutor. The impact of these interventions on student knowledge was measured with pre- and post assessments, and student skills in asking and counseling about oral health were assessed with an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to identify the odds ratios of scoring above Control's medians on the final assessment and the OSCE. In the results, Cy+C performed significantly better than Control on both the final assessment (OR 9.4; 95% CI 2.7-32.8) and the OSCE (OR 5.6; 95% CI 1.9-16.3) and outperformed all the other groups. The Cy+C group showed the most significant increase in knowledge and the best skills in asking and counseling about oral health.

O currículo e as necessidades educativas especiais : práticas de adequação curricular no terceiro ciclo

A responsabilidade da construção de uma escola para todos deve ser o grande objectivo de todo e qualquer professor, criando espaços de reflexão conjunta no sentido de serem traçados projectos curriculares diferenciados que dêem resposta a todos os alunos na sua diversidade plural. Assim, a concepção e construção da escola inclusiva implicam mudanças, quer nas atitudes e práticas dos agentes educativos, quer nas estruturas do sistema de ensino ao nível organizacional e da gestão curricular. Neste âmbito, a adequação do currículo às necessidades educativas especiais (NEE) dos alunos torna-se essencial na (re)construção e operacionalização dos diferentes processos curriculares. O trabalho que agora se apresenta foi desenvolvido através de um estudo de caso. Constitui uma tentativa de compreensão das percepções dos professores e das práticas pedagógicas que desenvolvem para efectuar adequações curriculares para alunos com NEE. Centrámo-nos nos professores de um conselho de turma do sétimo ano do terceiro ciclo do ensino básico (3º CEB) que inclui uma aluna com NEE, procurando saber o que pensam sobre o processo de adequação curricular, como o concebem e como o implementam. Como metodologia de recolha dos dados utilizamos as técnicas da entrevista, da análise documental e da observação naturalista. Concluímos que, apesar das dificuldades que expressam e demonstram, os professores assumem a necessidade de implementar adequações curriculares face às NEE dos alunos, como resposta às diferenças e particularidades de cada um, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento de competências essenciais e a conclusão da escolaridade obrigatória. As Adequações Curriculares são percepcionadas como muito vantajosas do ponto de vista da promoção do sucesso educativo para todos os alunos e em particular para os alunos com NEE, proporcionando a estes, acompanhar o currículo mais próximo do que é normal, sentirem-se como “iguais” aos seus colegas, melhorar a sua auto-estima, auto-confiança e motivação ABSTRACT The responsibility of building a school for all must be the ultimate goal of any teacher, creating spaces for joint reflection in order to draw differentiated curricular projects which respond to all students in their plural diversity. Thus, the design and construction of the inclusive school involve changes both in attitudes and practices of the educational agents, and in the structures of the education system regarding the organization and the curriculum management. In this context, the adequacy of the curriculum to students’ special educational needs (SEN) becomes essential in the (re) construction and operationalization of the different curriculum processes. The work now presented was developed through a case study. It attempts to understand the perceptions of teachers and the pedagogical practices they develop to make curricular adjustments for students with SEN. We focused on the teachers of a seventh year class of the third cycle of basic education (3rd CBE) which includes a pupil, a girl, with SEN, trying to find out what they think about the process of adapting the curriculum, how they conceive and implement it. As a methodology of data collection we used different techniques: the interview, the documentary analysis and the naturalistic observation. We concluded that, despite the difficulties that teachers express and demonstrate they assume the need to implement curricular adjustments in relation to pupils with SEN in response to the differences and particularities of each one in order to develop core competencies and to complete compulsory schooling. The Curriculum Adequacies are perceived as very advantageous from the standpoint of promoting educational success for all students and particularly for pupils with SEN, providing the latter the possibility of following the curriculum closer than usual, feeling as "equal" to their schoolmates, improving their self-esteem, self- confidence and motivation.

Metodologia de projeto como estratégia de motivação e criatividade na disciplina de artes plásticas

Mestrado em Ensino de Educação Visual e Tecnológica no Ensino Básico

Risk perception about zoonoses in immigrants and Italian workers in Northwestern Italy

OBJETIVO: To assess factors associated with a low risk perception of zoonoses and to identify the gaps in knowledge about transmission and prevention of zoonoses in immigrant and Italian workers. MÉTODOS: A cross-sectional study with 175 workers in the agro-livestock and agro-food industry in Piemonte, Italy, was carried out. Data were collected with a semi-structured questionnaire based on knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) survey. We calculated proportions and used chi-square tests and odds ratios to assess associations. Eight individual interviews with key informants on immigration and public health in Piemonte were carried out. RESULTADOS: Participants were 82 (47%) Italians and 93 (53%) immigrants. Immigrants were from Romania, Morocco, Albania, India, China, Argentina, Peru, Macedonia, Ivory Coast, Ukraine and Colombia. The study revealed significant differences in risk perception at work (p = 0.001). We found associations between "not having correct knowledge about zoonoses" and the following variables: i. "being immigrant" OR = 4.1 (95%CI 1.7;9.8 p ≤ 0.01); ii. "working in the livestock industry" OR = 2.9 (95%CI 1.2;15.4 p = 0.01); and iii. "being an unqualified worker" OR = 4.4 (95%CI 2.9;15.4 p ≤ 0.01). Another strong association was found between being immigrant and having a low job qualification OR = 6.7 (IC95% 2.9 - 15.4 p ≤ 0.01). Asian immigrants were the group with the highest frequency of risky behaviours and the lowest level of knowledge about zoonoses. CONCLUSÕES: Our results indicate that there were differences in risk perception of zoonoses between the groups participating in our study. These results suggest that immigrant status can be considered a risk factor for having lower risk perception and lower level of knowledge of zoonoses at work. There is a relationship between this specific knowledge of zoonoses and lack of training and instruction among migrant populations. Our results stress the need for developing education programs on zoonoses prevention among the immigrant population in Piemonte, Italy.

Desocultando questões de género pelo/no teatro

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Ensino no 1º e no 2º Ciclos do Ensino Básico