Passive smoking in babies: The BIBE Study (Brief Intervention in babies. Effectiveness)

Background: There is evidence that exposure to passive smoking in general, and in babies in particular, is an important cause of morbimortality. Passive smoking is related to an increased risk of pediatric diseases such as sudden death syndrome, acute respiratory diseases, worsening of asthma, acute-chronic middle ear disease and slowing of lung growth.The objective of this article is to describe the BIBE study protocol. The BIBE study aims to determine the effectiveness of a brief intervention within the context of Primary Care, directed to mothers and fathers that smoke, in order to reduce the exposure of babies to passive smoking (ETS).Methods/DesignCluster randomized field trial (control and intervention group), multicentric and open. Subject: Fathers and/or mothers who are smokers and their babies (under 18 months) that attend pediatric services in Primary Care in Catalonia.The measurements will be taken at three points in time, in each of the fathers and/or mothers who respond to a questionnaire regarding their baby's clinical background and characteristics of the baby's exposure, together with variables related to the parents' tobacco consumption. A hair sample of the baby will be taken at the beginning of the study and at six months after the initial visit (biological determination of nicotine). The intervention group will apply a brief intervention in passive smoking after specific training and the control group will apply the habitual care.Discussion: Exposure to ETS is an avoidable factor related to infant morbimortality. Interventions to reduce exposure to ETS in babies are potentially beneficial for their health. The BIBE study evaluates an intervention to reduce exposure to ETS that takes advantage of pediatric visits. Interventions in the form of advice, conducted by pediatric professionals, are an excellent opportunity for prevention and protection of infants against the harmful effects of ETS.

Los materiales ADIEU

Reseña de Graciela Vázquez (coord.) (2001), ADIEU. Estudiar en español, tres volúmenes, Madrid, Edinumen. Las obras que aquí se reseñan son fruto de un proyecto europeo que recibe el nombre de ADIEU(Akademischer Diskurs in der Europaischen Union / Sócrates, Lingua D), cuyo fin es desarrollar materiales para que los estudiantes extranjeros que deseen cursar estudios en universidades españolas adquieranla competencia necesaria para comprender y producir los textosrequeridos en el contexto académicoespañol. Se centran exclusivamente en el aprendizaje presencial en el ámbito universitario, y en su confección han participado profesores procedentes de diversas universidades de Alemania, España,Francia y Bélgica.

Contrasting the form and use of reformulation markers

This paper deals with the form and use of reformulation markers in research papers written in English, Spanish and Catalan. Considering the form and frequency of themarkers, English papers tends to prefer simple fixed markers and includes less reformulators than Spanish and Catalan. On the contrary, formal Catalan and Spanish papers include more markers, some of which are complex and allow for some structural variability. As for use, reformulation markers establish dynamic relationships between portions of discourse which can be identified in our corpus with expansion, reduction, and permutation. The analysis of the corpus shows that English authors usually reformulate to add more information to the concept (expansion), whereas Catalan and Spanish authors reduce the contents or the implicatures of the previous formulation more frequently than English.

Summarization of specialized discourse: the case of medical articles in Spanish

In this article, we present the current state of our work on a linguistically-motivated model for automatic summarization of medical articles in Spanish. The model takes into account the results of an empirical study which reveals that, on the one hand, domain-specific summarization criteria can often be derived from the summaries of domain specialists, and, on the other hand, adequate summarization strategies must be multidimensional, i.e., cover various types of linguistic clues. We take into account the textual, lexical, discursive, syntactic and communicative dimensions. This is novel in the field of summarization. The experiments carried out so far indicate that our model is suitable to provide high quality summarizations.

On the morphological nature of spanish adverbs ending in -mente

The morphological status of adverbs ending in -mente in Spanish (-ly in English) has been the object of many studies and continues to be the subject of debate. The two main proposals regarding the morphology of these adverbs treat them as either compounds or derivatives as the result of suffixation, but bothhypotheses present problems. In this study an analysis will be defended which treats -mente as a phrasal affix (cf. Zwicky 1987, Nevis 1985 and Miller 1992). The notion of phrasal affix has been used to describe clitics which, from a morphological standpoint, are similar to affixes but which, simultaneously manifest characteristics of independent words. The argument for analyzing -mente as a phrasal affix is based on both synchronic and diachronic data, including some similarities with object clitic pronouns.

La duración consonántica en castellano

This paper presents the results of an experimental analysis of the duralion of Spanish consonants. The influence of three different factors—stress, location on thesyllable, and pause vicinity— on the duration of consonants in reading text has been studied. Phonetic context and speech rate have also been controlled. The obtained results seem to indicate that the vicinity of a pause and the location of the consonant in the syllable have a systematic effect on all the consonants, while the stress only affects the duration of a rcduced set of voicedallophones ([1], [r] and [n]). Some general conclusions about the mean duration of each consonant, and about the relationship between duration and voicing, manner and place of articulation, have also been established.

Antenas neológicas: un proyecto para la neología del español

En este informe se presenta de forma muy breve el proyecto llamado Antenas Neológicas, creadoen 2002 con el objetivo de contribuir a la ampliación descriptiva del léxico de estas distintas variedades lingüísticas. El proyecto, coordinado por el Observatori de Neologia (Institut Universitari de LingüísticaAplicada, Universitat Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona), cuenta con la participación de grupos de neología de Argentina, Cuba, Chile, Perú y Uruguay y con el soporte institucional, logístico y financiero de la Editorial SPES y de Unión Latina.

Neología y variedades del español: el proyecto Antenas

Reseña sobre el Proyecto Antenas, que nació a finales del 2002 bajo la coordinación del Observatorio de Neología (IULA-UPF). Consta de una red de grupos que trabajan en la detección y recopilación de neologismos para las distintas variedades geográficas del español y se propone realizar un análisis contrastivo de los diferentes mecanismos de creación léxica en estas variedades.

Towards the Automatic Merging of Lexical Resources: Automatic Mapping

Lexical Resources are a critical component for Natural Language Processing applications. However, the high cost of comparing and merging different resources has been a bottleneck to have richer resources with a broad range of potential uses for a significant number of languages.With the objective of reducing cost byeliminating human intervention, we present a new method for automating the merging of resources,with special emphasis in what we call the mapping step. This mapping step, which converts the resources into a common format that allows latter the merging, is usually performed with huge manual effort and thus makes the whole process very costly. Thus, we propose a method to perform this mapping fully automatically. To test our method, we have addressed the merging of two verb subcategorization frame lexica for Spanish, The resultsachieved, that almost replicate human work, demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.

A Method Towards the Fully Automatic Merging of Lexical Resources

Lexical Resources are a critical component for Natural Language Processing applications. However, the high cost of comparing and merging different resources has been a bottleneck to obtain richer resources and a broader range of potential uses for a significant number of languages. With the objective of reducing cost by eliminating human intervention, we present a new method towards the automatic merging of resources. This method includes both, the automatic mapping of resources involved to a common format and merging them, once in this format. This paper presents how we have addressed the merging of two verb subcategorization frame lexica for Spanish, but our method will be extended to cover other types of Lexical Resources. The achieved results, that almost replicate human work, demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.

El Corpus de l'IULA: etiquetaris

El projecte central que es duu a terme a l'Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada (IULA) de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra és el corpus de Llenguatges especialitzats. En el marc d'aquest projecte —que implica cinc dominis d'especialitat (dret, economia, informàtica, medi ambient i medicina) i cinc llengües (català, castellà, francès, anglès i alemany)— s'han desenvolupat dos etiquetaris per a la llengua catalana i castellana. Amb el desenvolupament d'aquests etiquetaris es pretén facilitar l'etapa del processament lingüístic del corpus. En aquest paper es discuteixen, d'una banda, alguns aspectes teòrics relatius a la construcció d'etiquetaris i, de l'altra, es presenten els dos etiquetaris que s'han elaborat a l'IULA.

El Corpus de l'IULA: descripció

El principal projecte de recerca desenvolupat a l'Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada (IULA) de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra és el projecte de Llenguatges especialitzats, sota el qual s'aglutina la totalitat dels investigadors pertanyents a aquest centre. És en aquest marc de recerca on es duu a terme la constitució d'un corpus plurilingüe (català, castellà, francès, anglès i alemany), especialitzat en les àrees del dret, l'economia, la informàtica, el medi ambient i la medicina. En aquest article es descriuen els criteris que s'han tingut en compte per al disseny d'aquest recurs lingüístic i cada una de les fases de desenvolupament que s'han seguit. El resultat de diferents estadis en el procés d'elaboració del corpus es mostra en un conjunt d'annexos al final de l'article, on s'incorpora, a més, una síntesi de l'estat actual del projecte, periòdicament actualitzada.

Metodologia del treball en neologia: criteris, materials i processos

L'Observatori de Neologia, dirigit per la Dra. M. Teresa Cabré, neix com a grup de recerca l'any 1988 a la Universitat de Barcelona i des de 1994 s'incorpora com a projecte a l'Institut Universitari de Lingüística Aplicada de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra. L'Observatori de Neologia analitza el fenomen de l'aparició de paraules noves o neologismes en l'ús, tant pel que fa al català com al castellà. Actualment compta amb una base de dades de més de 82.000 ocurrències per al català i de més de 60.000 ocurrències per al castellà procedents de textos escrits i orals de mitjans de comunicació.Aquest volum recull la metodologia establerta des de l’inici del projecte pels membres fundadors de l’Observatori de Neologia - tot i que revisada i actualitzada al llarg dels anys. Aquesta metodologia guia tots els treballs de detecció, selecció, tractament i emmagatzemament de les dades que es duen a terme a l’Observatori.

Los Vocabularios de definición en los diccionarios de aprendizaje

Aquest article intenta examinar la importància d'un tipus determinat d'obra lexicogràfica per a usuaris estrangers: els diccionaris d'aprenentatge, els quals s'han de caracteritzar bàsicament per una transmissió dels significats assequible. El material recollit pretén repassar el contingut d'aquestes publicacions a la tradició anglosaxona i il·lustrar l'estadi inicial de la pràctica castellana a partir dels mètodes lexicogràfics que existeixen actualment des d'aquest punt de vista. Els resultats d'aquests estudis permeten valorar la importància de la compilació dels vocabularis de definició per intentar potenciar la branca de la lexicografia com a ajuda a la pràctica didàctica de l'aprenentatge de l'espanyol com a segona llengua.