Immunological studies on nucleic-acids and their components .5. Antibodies specific to a deoxyribodinucleotide sequence

Antibodies were raised in rabbits against the bovine serum albumin conjugate of dpApT. Analysis by double diffusion in agar gel and quantitative precipitation test showed the presence of antibodies specific to the hapten in the antisera. Quantitative data on the specificity of the antibodies were obtained by studying the inhibition of the binding of 3H-dpApT to the anti-sera by various nonradioactive mono- and oligonucleotides, using a nitrocellulose membrane binding assay. The antibodies were found to be highly specific for the dinucleotide sequence dpApT. The antibodies were able to bind to synthetic oligonucleotides containing the sequence dpApT and to denatured calf thymus DNA.

R3Mn1.5CuV0.5O9 (R = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) and Lu3Mn3-3xCu2xVxO9: New noncentro symmetric oxides related to YMnO3

We report formation of new noncentrosymmetric oxides of the formula, R3Mn1.5CuV0.5O9 for R = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu, possessing the hexagonal RMnO3 (space group P6(3)cm) structure. These oxides could be regarded as the x = 0.5 members of a general series R3Mn3-3xCu2xVxO9. Investigation of the Lu-Mn-Cu-V-O system reveals the existence of isostructural solid solution series, Lu3Mn3-3xCu2xVxO9 for 0 < x <= 0.75. Magnetic and dielectric properties of the oxides are consistent with a random distribution of Mn3+, Cu2+ and V5+ atoms that preserve the noncentrosymmetric RMnO3 structure. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stability of CU(2)Ln(2)O(5) compounds - Comparison, assessment and systematics

Phase diagram studies show that at ambient pressure only one ternary oxide, Cu(2)Ln(2)O(5), is stable in the ternary systems Cu-Ln-O (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) at high temperatures. The crystal structure of Cu(2)Ln(2)O(5) can be described as a zig-zag arrangement of one-dimensional Cu2O5 chains parallel to-the a-axis with Ln atoms occupying distorted octahedral sites between these chains. Four sets of emf measurements on Gibbs energy of formation of Cu(2)Ln(2)O(5) (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; Y) from component binary oxides and one set of high-temperature solution calorimetric data on enthalpy of formation have been reported in the literature. Except for Cu2Y2O5, the measured values for the Gibbs energies of formation of all other Cu(2)Ln(2)O(5) compounds fall in a narrow band (+/-1 kJ mol(-1)) and indicate a regular increase in stability with decreasing ionic radius of the lanthanide ion. The values for the second law enthalpy of formation, derived from the temperature dependence of emf obtained in different studies, show larger differences, as high as 25 kJ mol(-1) for Cu2Tm2O5. Though associated with an uncertainty of +/-4 kJ mol(-1), the calorimetric measurements help to identify the best set of emf data. The trends in thermodynamic data correlate well with the global instability index (GII) based on the overall deviation from the valence sum rule. Low values for the index calculated from crystallographic information indicate higher stability. Higher values are indicative of the larger stress in the structure.

The neuronal cell adhesion molecule ICAM-5

The neuronal cell adhesion molecule ICAM-5 ICAM-5 (telencephalin) belongs to the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). ICAMs participate in leukocyte adhesion and adhesion-dependent functions in the central nervous system (CNS) through interacting with the leukocyte-specific b2 integrins. ICAM-5 is found in the mammalian forebrain, appears at the time of birth, and is located at the cell soma and neuronal dendrites. Recent studies also show that it is important for the regulation of immune functions in the brain and for the development and maturation of neuronal synapses. The clinical importance of ICAM-5 is still under investigation; it may have a role in the development of Alzheimer s disease (AD). In this study, the role of ICAM-5 in neuronal differentiation and its associations with a-actinin and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors were examined. NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are known to be involved in many neuronal functions, including the passage of information from one neuron to another one, and thus it was thought important to study their role related to ICAM-5. The results suggested that ICAM-5 was able to induce dendritic outgrowth through homophilic adhesion (ICAM-5 monomer binds to another ICAM-5 monomer in the same or neighbouring cell), and the homophilic binding activity appeared to be regulated by monomer/multimer transition. Moreover, ICAM-5 binding to a-actinin was shown to be important for neuritic outgrowth. It was examined whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the main enzymes involved in ICAM-5 ectodomain cleavage. The results showed that stimulation of NMDARs leads to MMP activation, cleavage of ICAM-5 and it is accompanied by dendritic spine maturation. These findings also indicated that ICAM-5 and NMDA receptor subunit 1 (NR1) compete for binding to a-actinin, and ICAM-5 may regulate the NR1 association with the actin cytoskeleton. Thus, it is concluded that ICAM-5 is a crucial cell adhesion molecule involved in the development of neuronal synapses, especially in the regulation of dendritic spine development, and its functions may also be involved with memory formation and learning.

Mean square displacements of hydrogen interstitial and its neighbours in the intermetallic compound Fe0.5Ti0.5

A Green's function technique is used in the scattering matrix formalism to compute the mean square displacement of hydrogen and deuterium interstitials in the intermetallic compound Fe0.5Ti0.5 for low hydrogen/deuterium concentration. The mean square amplitudes of the metal atoms surrounding the interstitial are found to be smaller than those for the host crystal. This anomalous effect is due to the stiffening of the lattice by the dissolved hydrogen or deuterium at low concentration. This type of effect is experimentally observed in the case of NbHx at low hydrogen concentration.

Decomposition temperatures of Cu2Ln2O5 (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) compounds

The equilibrium decomposition temperatures of Cu2Ln2O5 (Ln = Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) compounds have been measured using a combined DTA-TGA apparatus under a flowing Ar + O2 gas mixture, in which the partial pressure of oxygen was controlled at 5.0 × 103 Pa. The Cu2Ln2O5 compounds yield Ln2O3 and Cu2O on decomposition. The decomposition temperature increases monotonically with the atomic number of the lanthanide element. This suggests that the stability of the Cu2Ln2O5 compounds with respect to the component binary oxides increases with decreasing radius of the Ln3+ ion.

Criação de mesoporos em zeólitas ZSM-5, mordenita e ferrierita e análise de seu efeito na reação de hidroisomerização do n-heptano

As zeólitas têm recebido grande atenção acadêmica e industrial devido às suas características ácidas e estruturais. A estrutura da zeólita pode ser utilizada para conduzir uma reação catalítica na direção do produto desejado, evitando assim reações paralelas. Porém, essa mesma estrutura cria restrições difusivas com relação ao acesso aos sítios ativos no interior dos microporos. Neste trabalho foram estudados dois métodos de criação de mesoporos (térmico e básico) com o intuito de modificar a acessibilidade aos sítios catalíticos das zeólitas. A reação de hidroisomerização do n-heptano foi selecionada para avaliar as zeólitas após a criação de mesoporosidade. O tratamento térmico (via calcinação em temperaturas elevadas) foi utilizado para as zeólitas do tipo ZSM-5, Mordenita e Ferrierita, tendo sido observado um aumento pouco significativo na mesoporosidade. Este tratamento promoveu, porém, uma significativa desaluminização das amostras, acompanhada da formação de quantidades importantes de espécies de Al extra-rede (ALER), o que se refletiu num bloqueio parcial dos mesoporos gerados e dos microporos preexistentes, e na redução na densidade de sítios ácidos das amostras. A ampliação da escala do tratamento térmico (aumento da quantidade tratada de 2 g para 30 g) não se mostrou reprodutível, gerando menos mesoporos do que o observado no preparo em pequena escala. O tratamento básico (via dessilicação por meio de NaOH), ao contrário do anterior, promoveu a formação de mesoporos gerando menos quantidade de ALER e se mostrou mais reprodutível quando da ampliação da escala. O desempenho dos catalisadores Pt/Al2O3+zeólita na reação de hidroisomerização do n-heptano foi influenciado pela densidade de sítios ácidos fortes e pela estrutura porosa da zeólita. Com relação ao efeito dos tratamentos térmico e básico sobre o desempenho dos catalisadores à base de ZSM-5, os resultados mostraram que o comportamento do catalisador submetido ao tratamento básico (Pt/Al2O3+BZSM-5/85-2) foi similar ao do tratado termicamente (Pt/Al2O3+TZSM-5/1000-2) com relação à distribuição de produtos na reação de hidroisomerização do n-heptano, particularmente com relação aos produtos leves e aos isômeros monorramificados. No entanto, a presença mais significativa de mesoporos na zeólita após tratamento básico (BZSM-5/85-2), se refletiu num leve favorecimento à formação dos isômeros birramificados

端面抽运的Tm:YAP薄片板条激光器的研究

2μm激光器由于其在遥感、雷达和医疗等领域具有重要的应用前景而受到越来越广泛的重视。Tm3+具有长的荧光寿命,且其吸收带与商用的激光二极管相匹配。YAP具有与YAG近似的机械和热性能,其双折射特性使得Tm:YAP激光器可以直接得到线偏振的激光输出,并且可以降低热退偏效应。795nm连续抽运光经透镜组耦合进薄片板条1mm×5mm晶体端面,采用平凹腔结构,分析比较了1%,4%和5%掺杂浓度的Tm:YAP的激光特性。

Passive Q-switching of short-length Tm3+-doped silica fiber lasers by polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe microchips

We demonstrate passive Q-switching of short-length double-clad Tm3+-doped silica fiber lasers near 2 mu m pumped by a laser diode array (LDA) at 790 nm. Polycrystalline Cr2+:ZnSe microchips with thickness from 0.3 to 1 mm are adopted as the Q-switching elements. Pulse duration of 120 ns, pulse energy over 14 mu] and repetition rate of 53 kHz are obtained from a 5-cm long fiber laser. As high as 530 kHz repetition rate is achieved from a 50-cm long fiber laser at similar to 10-W pump power. The performance of the Q-switched fiber lasers as a function of fiber length is also analyzed. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cooperative downconversion in GdAl3(BO3)(4): RE3+,Yb3+ (RE=Pr, Tb, and Tm)

An efficient near-infrared (NIR) quantum cutting (QC) in GdAl3(BO3)(4):RE3+,Yb3+ (RE=Pr, Tb, and Tm) phosphors has been demonstrated, which involves the conversion of the visible photon into the NIR emission with an optimal quantum efficiency approaching 200%, by exploring the cooperative downconversion mechanism from RE3+ (RE=Pr, Tb, and Tm) excitons to the two activator ions, Yb3+. The development of NIR QC phosphors could open up a new approach in achieving high efficiency silicon-based solar cells by means of downconversion in the visible part of the solar spectrum to similar to 1000 nm photons with a twofold increase in the photon number. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics.

Tm^3＋-Yb^3＋共掺氧氟硅酸盐玻璃热学性能和上转换发光特性研究

稀土掺杂氧氟玻璃是一种优良的上转换发光材料，制备了组分为35SiO2—15AlO1.5-（45-x）PbF2-xCdF2—0．1TmF3—1．5YbF3（x=0，10，20，30）的氧氟硅酸盐玻璃，系统研究了CdF2含量对其热学性能和光学性能的影响。研究表明用CdF2部分替代PbF，可以提高玻璃的热稳定性、使紫外吸收截至边向短波方向移动；随着CdF2含量的增加，开始Tm^3＋蓝光和红光上转换发光增强缓慢，而后迅速增强．而近红外上转换发射先显著增强后增强放缓；由于蓝光和近红外发光强度远大于红光发光强度，所以

980 nm 抽运下Yb-Tm-Ho 三掺氟磷酸盐玻璃的2 μm 荧光性质

The thermal stability, 2 μm fluorescence properties and energy transfer mechanism in Ho³⁺ doped fluorophosphate glass sensitized by Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ were investigated. The characteristic temperatures, absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of the glass sample were measured. ΔT calculated from the characteristic temperatures shows that the thermal stability of fluorophosphate glass is better than fluoride glass. According to the absorption spectrum, several spectroscopic parameters of the glass sample, such as Judd-Ofelt parameters and spontaneous transition probability were calculated and compared with other glass hosts. The largest spontaneous transition probability for Ho³⁺:⁵ I7&rarr⁵I8 transition in fluorophosphate glass which is 78.48 s^-1 indicates that fluorophosphate glass is an appropriate base glass to achieve 2 m fluorescence. From the fluorescence spectrum of the glass sample, the extremely strong 2.0 μm fluorescence intensity is observed, which is higher than the intensity of 1.8 μm fluorescence, showing that Ho³⁺ ions sensitized by Yb³⁺ and Tm³⁺ is efficient. Meanwhile, the absorption sections and emission sections of Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ were calculated and the pumping scheme and energy transfer mechanism among Yb³⁺, Tm³⁺ and Ho³⁺ are discussed. The study indicates that Yb-Tm-Ho tri-doped fluorophosphate glass is a significant sensitization glass system under 980 nm excitation for 2 μm applications.

Broadband near-infrared emission in Er3+-Tm3+ codoped chalcohalide glasses

The near-IR emission spectra of Er3+-Tm3+ codoped 70GeS(2)-20In(2)S(3)-10CsI chalcohalide glasses were studied with an 808 nm laser as an excitation source. A broad emission extending from 1.35 to 1.7 mu m with a FWHM of similar to 160 nm was recorded in a 0.1 mol.% Er2S3, 0.5 mol.% Tm2S3 codoped chalcohalide glass. The fluorescence decay curves of glasses were measured by monitoring the emissions of Tm3+ at 1460 nm and Er3+ at 1540 nm, and the lifetimes were obtained from the first-order exponential fit. The luminescence mechanism and the possible energy-transfer processes are discussed with respect to the energy-level diagram of Er3+ and Tm3+ ions. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America

室温下连续波运行Tm:YAP泵浦的Ho:YAG激光器

我们报道了一种以二极管泵浦的 1.94 μm Tm:YAP激光器为泵浦源，常温下在2.1 μm连续运行的Ho:YAG激光器。最大输出功率1.5 W，相应斜率效率为17.9%，二极管到的转换效率为5.6%。