802 resultados para corpus-based translation studies
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Abstract (The translating subject: Homo significans – homo interpres): A whole discipline, translation studies, is built around the translator’s acts and the translating event. What is the translating subject? How is (s)he working and why? I discuss some aspects of the translating subject, analyzed from literary translators’ descriptions of themselves in anthologies. Within the theoretical framework of semiotics and hermeneutics, I comment on the creative processes of literary translators, where they act as a medium in the translator’s space: an encounter of the author, the translator, and the reader. With respect to reading, interpreting, and translating a text, the translating subject is a homo interpres, i.e. a homo significans producing meaning. The goal of the translating subject is the chiasm of semiosis, the dynamic process when meaning is manifested in the semiosphere. The mission for the translating subject is to deal with the paradox: to create the same but other text. For the complexity of the act of reading, interpreting, and translating texts, I use the concept of palimpsest.
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Abstract (SFL and translation studies): In this paper, the study of translation is seen as a study of texts and discourses. It is argued that systemic-functional linguistics gives both a theoretical framework to discuss variation in text and variation in situational and cultural context, as well as an analytical toolkit to use to compare texts with each other. The same systemic-functional framework can hence be used to analyse both directly written texts and translations.
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This paper deals with the simulation-driven study of the impact of hardened steel projectiles on thin aluminium target plates using explicit finite element analysis as implemented in LS-DYNA. The evaluation of finite element modelling includes a comprehensive mesh convergence study using shell elements for representing target plates and the solid element-based representation of ogivalnosed projectiles. A user-friendly automatic contact detection algorithm is used for capturing interaction between the projectile and the target plate. It is shown that the proper choice of mesh density and strain rate-dependent material properties is crucial as these parameters significantly affect the computed residual velocity. The efficacy of correlation with experimental data is adjudged in terms of a 'correlation index' defined in the present study for which values close to unity are desirable.By simulating laboratory impact tests on thin aluminium plates carried out by earlier investigators, extremely good prediction of experimental ballistic limits has been observed with correlation indices approaching unity. Additional simulation-based parametric studies have been carried out and results consistent with test data have been obtained. The simulation procedures followed in the present study can be applied with confidence in designing thin aluminium armour plates for protection against low calibre projectiles.
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Adhesive forces between two approaching asperities will deform the asperities, and under certain conditions this will result in a sudden runaway deformations leading to a jump-to-contact instability. We present finite element-based numerical studies on adhesion-induced deformation and instability in asperities. We consider the adhesive force acting on an asperity, when it is brought near a rigid half-space, due to van der Waals interaction between the asperity and the half-space. The adhesive force is considered to be distributed over the volume of the asperity (body force), thus resulting in more realistic simulations for the length scales considered. Iteration scheme based on a ``residual stress update'' algorithm is used to capture the effect of deformation on the adhesion force, and thereby the equilibrium configuration and the corresponding force. The numerical results are compared with the previous approximate analytical solutions for adhesion force, deformation of the asperity and adhesion-induced mechanical instability (jump-to-contact). It is observed that the instability can occur at separations much higher,and could possibly explain the higher value of instability separation observed in experiments. The stresses in asperities, particularly in case of small ones, are found to be high enough to cause yielding before jump -to-contact. The effect of roughness is considered by modeling a spherical protrusion on the hemispherical asperity.This small-scale roughness at the tip of the asperities is found to control the deformation behavior at small separations, and hence are important in determining the friction and wear due to the jump-to-contact instability.
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Attempts in the past to model the irregularities of the solar cycle (such as the Maunder minimum) were based on studies of the nonlinear feedback of magnetic fields on the dynamo source terms. Since the alpha-coefficient is obtained by averaging over the turbulence, it is expected to have stochastic fluctuations, and we show that these fluctuations can explain the irregularities of the solar cycle in a more satisfactory way. We solve the dynamo equations in a slab with a single mode, taking the alpha-coefficient to be constant in space but fluctuating stochastically in time with some given amplitude and given correlation time. The same level of percentile fluctuations (about 10 %) produces no effect on an alpha-omega dynamo, but makes an alpha-2 dynamo completely chaotic. The level of irregularities in an alpha-2-omega dynamo qualitatively agrees with the solar behavior, reinforcing the conclusion of Choudhuri (1990a) that the solar dynamo is of the alpha-2-omega-type. The irregularities are found to increase on increasing either the amplitude or the correlation time of the stochastic fluctuations. The alpha-quenching mechanism tends to make the system stable against the irregularities and hence it is inferred that the alpha-quenching should not be too strong so that the irregularities are not completely suppressed. We also present a simple-minded analysis to understand why the stochastic fluctuations in the alpha-omega, alpha-2-omega and alpha-2 regimes have such different outcomes.
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Arteries are heterogeneous, composite structures that undergo large cyclic deformations during blood transport. Presence, build-up and consequent rupture of blockages in blood vessels, called atherosclerotic plaques, lead to disruption in the blood flow that can eventually be fatal. Abnormal lipid profile and hypertension are the main risk factors for plaque progression. Treatments span from pharmacological methods, to minimally invasive balloon angioplasty and stent procedures, and finally to surgical alternatives. There is a need to understand arterial disease progression and devise methods to detect, control, treat and manage arterial disease through early intervention. Local delivery through drug eluting stents also provide an attractive option for maintaining vessel integrity and restoring blood flow while releasing controlled amount of drug to reduce and alleviate symptoms. Development of drug eluting stents is hence interesting albeit challenging because it requires an integration of knowledge of mechanical properties with material transport of drug through the arterial wall to produce a desired biochemical effect. Although experimental models are useful in studying such complex multivariate phenomena, numerical models of mass transport in the vessel have proved immensely useful to understand and delineate complex interactions between chemical species, physical parameters and biological variables. The goals of this review are to summarize literature based on studies of mass transport involving low density lipoproteins in the arterial wall. We also discuss numerical models of drug elution from stents in layered and porous arterial walls that provide a unique platform that can be exploited for the design of novel drug eluting stents.
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Building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications are gaining widespread popularity. The performance of any given BIPV system is dependent on prevalent meteorological factors, site conditions and system characteristics. Investigations pertaining to the performance assessment of photovoltaic (PV) systems are generally confined to either controlled environment-chambers or computer-based simulation studies. Such investigations fall short of providing a realistic insight into how a PV system actually performs real-time. Solar radiation and the PV cell temperature are amongst the most crucial parameters affecting PV output. The current paper deals with the real-time performance assessment of a recently commissioned 5.25 kW, BIPV system installed at the Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. The overall average system efficiency was found to be 6% for the period May 2011-April 2012. This paper provides a critical appraisal of PV system performance based on ground realities, particularly characteristic to tropical (moderate) regions such as Bangalore, India. (C) 2013 International Energy Initiative. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Based on studies on the strain distribution in short-fiber/whisker reinforced metal matrix composites, a deformation characteristic parameter, lambda is defined as a ratio of root-mean-square strain of the reinforcers identically oriented to the macro-linear strain along the same direction. Quantitative relation between lambda and microstructure parameters of composites is obtained. By using lambda, the stiffness moduli of composites with arbitrary reinforcer orientation density function and under arbitrary loading condition are derived. The upper-bound and lower-bound of the present prediction are the same as those from the equal-strain theory and equal-stress theory, respectively. The present theory provides a physical explanation and theoretical base for the present commonly-used empirical formulae. Compared with the microscopic mechanical theories, the present theory is competent for stiffness modulus prediction of practical engineering composites in accuracy and simplicity.
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Aborda a relação entre o Legislativo e o Executivo na produção de políticas. Identifica os elementos do sistema de produção legislativa do Brasil (regras estruturantes, atores, recursos, instâncias de decisão e tipos de políticas produzidas) e propõe um modelo para o caso brasileiro de presidencialismo de coalizão, com base em estudos sobre a relação entre o presidente e o Congresso dos EUA e também na vasta produção existente sobre o contexto nacional. O sistema é estruturado pelo marco normativo de maior hierarquia, a Constituição, determinado historicamente, o qual privilegia a governabilidade com "accountability" e também orienta políticas segundo princípios de equidade, mas com responsabilidade orçamentária. O modelo considera que as agendas estratégicas dos atores são produto de variadas influências, incluindo o ¿status quo¿ (políticas existentes) e as demandas provenientes das conexões normativa e eleitoral. A partir desse modelo, o estudo analisa seus elementos e relações, aplicando-o a um conjunto abrangente de propostas legislativas (cerca de 21 mil proposições sobre todos os temas, apresentadas no Congresso entre 1999 e 2006, nas três vias).
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[ES] La historia del teatro traducido en la España del siglo XX está aún por escribirse. Este segmento de nuestra cultura traducida ha sido tradicionalmente ignorado en las historias del teatro español. Por suerte, lo que hace sólo veinte años se describía como un páramo investigador es hoy un terreno mucho mejor abonado y roturado. Las investigaciones sobre teatro traducido que han visto la luz progresivamente en estos años nos permitirán en breve escribir y documentar la historia del teatro traducido. Se ofrece en este artículo una visión del modo en que podría acometerse esa tarea,partiendo de lo ya investigado en el proyecto TRACE desde la perspectiva de lo archivado por la censura (de teatro) en la época de Franco.
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Presentation for the 5th International Conference on Corpus Linguistics (CILC 2013), V Congreso Internacional de Lingüistica de Corpus.
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Edited by Andrea Abel, Chiara Vettori, Natascia Ralli.