343 resultados para NeutrÛfilos


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Statins are widely recognized as hypolipemic drugs, but some studies have observed anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, known as pleiotropic. The aims of this work was to study possible anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in abdominal sepsis. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukocytes count were determined in an experimental model of abdominal sepsis, using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats. Methods: Twenty eigth Wistar rats weighing 285±12g were randomly divided in: CLP/Sinvastatin rats (n=7), treated with 10 mg/Kg of oral simvastatin 18 and 2 hs berofe CLP; CLP/Saline group rats (n=7), treated with oral saline; group Sham/Simvastatin (n=7), treated with simvastatin, and group Sham/Saline (n=7), treated with saline. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by ELISA and total leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils were determined 24 hs after CLP. ANOVA and Tukey test were used considering significant p<0.05. Results: It was demonstrated that serum TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were respectively 364,8±42pg/mL; 46,3±18pg/mL and 28,4±13pg/mL in CLP/Sinvastatin rats, significantly lower (p<0.05) than in group CLP/Saline (778,5±86pg/ml; 176,9±46pg/ ml; 133,6±21 pg/ml, respectively). The same results were observed in total leukocytes and neutrophils counts. Conclusion: These results clearly demonstrate that simvastatin is an effective agent that reduces cytokines levels and leukocyte count in sepsis, independently of its well-known lipid-lowering effects. Thus, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors like simvastatin have important anti-inflammatory effects in abdominal sepsis in rats

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One Kunitz-type trypsin inhibitors (PmTI) was purified from Piptadenia moniliformis seeds, a tree of the sub-family Mimosoideae, by TCA precipitation, affinity chromatography on immobilized trypsin-Sepharose, DEAE cellulose (ion exchange) and Superose 12 (molecular exclusion) column FPLC/AKTA. The inhibitor has Mr of 25 kDa by SDS-PAGE and chromatography molecular exclusion. The N-terminal sequence of this inhibitor showed high homology with other family Kunitz inhibitors. This also stable variations in temperature and pH and showed a small decrease in its activity when incubated with DDT in the concentration of 100mM for 120 minutes. The inhibition of trypsin by PmTI was competitive, with Ki of 1.57 x10-11 M. The activity of trypsin was effectively inhibited by percentage of inhibition of 100%, among enzymes tested, was not detected inhibition for the bromelain, was weak inhibitor of pancreatic elastase (3.17% of inhibition) and inhibited by 76.42% elastase of neutrophils, and inhibited in a moderate, chymotrypsin and papain with percentage of inhibition of 42.96% and 23.10% respectively. In vitro assays against digestive proteinases from Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera pests were carried out. Several degrees of inhibition were found. For Anthonomus grandis and Ceratitis capitata the inhibition was 89.93% and 70.52%, respectively, and the enzymes of Zabrotes subfasciatus and Callosobruchus maculatus were inhibited by 5.96% and 9.41%, respectively, and the enzymes of Plodia. interpunctella and Castnia licus were inhibited by 59.94% and 23.67, respectively. In vivo assays, was observed reduction in the development of larvae in 4rd instar of C. capitata, when PmTI was added to the artificial diet, getting WD50 and LD50 of 0.30% and 0.33%, respectively. These results suggest that this inhibitor could be a strong candidate to plant management programs cross transgenic

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Seeds from legumes including the Glycine max are known to be a rich source of protease inhibitors. The soybean Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI) has been well characterised and has been found to exhibit many biological activities. However its effects on inflammatory diseases have not been studied to date. In this study, SKTI was purified from a commercial soy fraction, enriched with this inhibitor, using anion exchange chromatography Resource Q column. The purified protein was able to inhibit human neutrophil elastase (HNE) and bovine trypsin. . Purified SKTI inhibited HNE with an IC50 value of 8 µg (0.3 nM). At this concentration SKTI showed neither cytotoxic nor haemolytic effects on human blood cell populations. SKTI showed no deleterious effects on organs, blood cells or the hepatic enzymes alanine amine transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) in mice model of acute systemic toxicity. Human neutrophils incubated with SKTI released less HNE than control neutrophils when stimulated with PAF or fMLP (83.1% and 70% respectively). These results showed that SKTI affected both pathways of elastase release by PAF and fMLP stimuli, suggesting that SKTI is an antagonist of PAF/fMLP receptors. In an in vivo mouse model of acute lung injury, induced by LPS from E. coli, SKTI significantly suppressed the inflammatory effects caused by elastase in a dose dependent manner. Histological sections stained by hematoxylin/eosin confirmed this reduction in inflammation process. These results showed that SKTI could be used as a potential pharmacological agent for the therapy of many inflammatory diseases

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A chymotrypsin inhibitor was purified from Erythrina velutina seeds by ammonium sulphate fractionation, affinities chromatographies on Trypsin-Sepharose, Quimotrypsin-Sepharose and reversed phase C-18 FPLC/AKTA system. The inhibitor, named EvCI, shown molecular mass of 17 kDa, as determined by SDSPAGE. 2D-PAGE showed four isoinhibitors with pI values of 4,42, 4,63, 4,83 and 5,06, with molecular mass of 17 kDa each. The aminoacid sequence of EvCI was determined by MALDI-TOF-MS and showed a high similarity with other Kunitz-type inhibitor of Erythrina variegata. EvCI competitively inhibited chymotrypsin, with Ki of 4 x10-8 M, but did not inhibited trypsin, pancreatic elastase, bromelain and papain. The inhibitory activity of EvCI was stable over wide pH and temperature ranges. In the presence of DTT 100 mM for 120 min, EvCI lost 50 % of activity. Cytotoxicity was studied in HeLa, MDA, HepG2, K562 and PC3 cells after 72-h incubation period. EvCl inhibited HeLa cells growth with an IC50 value of 50 μg/ml. Subsequent studies in HeLa cells analysis of cell death by annexin V/PI double-staining and cell cycle, using flow cytometry. The results provide evidence for a cytostatic activity of EvCl and support further studies on potential application of this inhibitors as an antiproliferative agent in combined therapy against cervical cancer

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A ocratoxina A (OTA), micotoxina encontrada em diferentes níveis e em diversas matrizes, apresenta efeitos carcinogênicos, nefrotóxicos e teratogênicos. O desenvolvimento de métodos capazes de diminuir esta contaminação a níveis permitidos pela legislação é incentivado e os processos biológicos utilizados envolvem o uso de enzimas e/ou microrganismos para degradação da OTA e são preferenciais pela especificidade, bem como pelas condições brandas para a detoxificação. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a ação de carboxipeptidase A nos níveis e na toxicidade de OTA, visando aplicar a técnica para detoxificar farinhas de trigo. Primeiramente foi estimado o risco de exposição à ocratoxina A pelo consumo de farinhas de trigo. Para isso foram estabelecidas condições de determinação de OTA em farinhas de trigo, empregando técnicas de estatística multivariada para definir os principais interferentes na extração de OTA pelo método de QuEChERS e detecção em CLAE-FL. O método validado permitiu a avaliação da ocorrência natural em 20 amostras de farinha de trigo, estando estas contaminadas na faixa de 0,22 a 0,85 µg.kg-1 , apresentando um valor de ingestão diária de 0,08 ngOTA.dia-1 .kgmassacorpórea -1 e uma disponibilidade de 94,4%. Em seguida foi realizada a padronização da extração de carboxipeptidase A em biomassa de Rhizopus oryzae que consistiu em agitação ultrassônica durante 30 minutos numa potencia fixa de 150 W e 40 kHz e a triagem de agentes biológicos para degradação de OTA. Para o estudo da degradação in vitro de OTA, método de extração e detecção de OTA e OTα em CLAEFL foi validado e o processo de degradação foi realizado com Rhizopus oryzae e Trichoderma reesei, obtendo-se uma redução máxima de 63,5% e 57,7%, respectivamente. A degradação apresentou uma correlação alta (R>0,9) e significativa (p<0,05) com a produção de Otα, indicando que ocorreu a produção de enzimas capazes de hidrolisar a micotoxina, por exemplo, a carboxipeptidase A. O estudo da toxicidade de OTA e seu metabólito OTα foi realizado em neutrófilos humanos, onde foi observado a ausência de efeito tóxico de OTα. Também foi determinado o mecanismo de toxicidade de OTA pelo aumento de Ca2+ intracelular pela liberação a partir das reservas internas. Esta liberação, subsequentemente, provoca uma cascata de eventos, nomeadamente: a produção de espécies reativas, depleção de ATP, perda de ΔΨm, levando à morte por necrose. Para reduzir o risco de exposição à micotoxina pela ingestão de matéria prima contaminada, carboxipeptidase A extraída de diferentes fontes foi aplicada na hidrólise de OTA em farinha de trigo para posterior determinação do conteúdo residual de OTA e OTα, empregando método validado. O estudo mostrou uma redução de OTA entre 16,8 e 78,5% e produção de OTα entre 2 a 8,2 ng.g-1 . As carboxipeptidases mais promissoras para degradação foram as provenientes de Rhizopus e Trichoderma e a carboxipeptidase comercial. Ficou demonstrado que se pode recomendar a aplicação de enzimas proteolíticas, tipo carboxipeptidase, para reduzir o risco de exposição à micotoxina quando utilizada matéria prima contaminada, por exemplo, farinha de trigo para diferentes processos. A transformação de OTA para OTα e seus efeitos na redução da toxicidade da micotoxina corroboram com esta afirmação.

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Studies indicate that several components were isolated from medicinal plants, which have antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Sepsis is characterized by a systemic inflammation which leads to the production of inflammatory mediators exacerbated by excessive activation of inflammatory cells and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), in which the human neutrophil elastase plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Several epidemiological studies suggest that components of plants, especially legumes, can play a beneficial role in reducing the incidence of different cancers. A chymotrypsin inhibitor of Kunitz (Varela, 2010) was purified from seeds of Erythrina velutina (Mulungu) by fractionation with ammonium sulfate, affinity chromatography on Trypsin-Sepharose, Chymotrypsin-Sepharose and ion exchange chromatography on Resource Q 1 ml (GE Healthcare) in system FPLC / AKTA. The inhibitor, called EvCI, had a molecular mass of 17 kDa determined by SDS-PAGE. The purified protein was able to inhibit human neutrophil elastase (HNE), with an IC50 of 3.12 nM. The EvCI was able to inhibit both pathways of HNE release stimulated by PAF and fMLP (75.6% and 65% respectively). The inhibitor also inhibited leukocyte migration in septic mice about 87% and prolonged the time of coagulation and inhibition factor Xa. EvCI showed neither hemolytic activity nor cytotoxicity. EvCI showed a selective antiproliferative effect to HepG2 cell lines with IC50 of 0.5 micrograms per milliliter. These results suggest EvCI as a molecule antagonist of PAF / fMLP and a potential use in fighting inflammation related disorders, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and cancer

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In the last years, heparin has become target of many studies related to inflammation due its ability of biding to proteins involved on immune response. Recently, it was demonstrated, at our laboratory, using a thIoglycollate-induced peritonitis model, heparin s capacity of reduce cellular influx into the peritoneal cavity, 3 hours after the inflammatory stimulus. Once neutrophilic infiltration is highest around 8 hours after the inflammatory stimulus, at the present work, using the same peritonitis model, it was assessed heparin s ability of keeping the interference on leukocyte infiltration, 8 hours after inflammation induction. Moreover, using cellular differential count, it was evaluated how the cellular populations involved in the inflammatory process would be affected by the treatment. Eight hours after the inflammatory stimulus, only heparin dosage of 1 μg/Kg was able to reduce the cellular influx to peritoneum, 62.8% of reduction when compared to positive control (p < 0.001). Furthermore, heparin dosage of 15 μg/Kg presented a pro-inflammatory effect in whole blood verified by the increase of 60.9% (p < 0.001) and 117.8% (p < 0.001) on neutrophils and monocytes proportion, respectively, when compared to positive control. In addition, this dosage also presented a neutrophilic proportion on peritoneal fluid 27.3% higher than positive control (p < 0.05). This duality between anti- and pro-inflammatory effects at different times corroborates studies that attribute a pleiotropic immunomodulator role to heparin.

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The Iota, Kappa and Lambda commercial carrageenans are rarely pure and normally contain varying amounts of the other types of carrageenans. The exact amount of impurity depends on the seaweed source and extraction procedure. Then, different analysis methods have been applied for determination of the main constituents of carrageenans because these three carrageenans are extensively used in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The electrophoresis of these compounds proved that the carrageenans are constituted by sulfated polysaccharides. These compounds were characterized by colorimetric methods and was observed that the Lambda carrageenan shown the greater value (33.38%) of sulfate. These polymers were examined by means of 13C NMR spectroscopy and infrared spectra. The polysaccharides consisted mainly of units alternating of sulfated galactoses and anhydrogalactoses. The aim of the study was also to test the inflammatory action of these different polysaccharides. A suitable model of inflammation is acute sterile inflammation of the rat hind limb induced by carrageenan. Paw edema was induced by injecting carrageenans (κ, ι and λ) in saline into the hind paw of a male Wistar rats (175–200 g). The pathway to acute inflammation by carrageenan (kappa, iota and lambda) were expressed as time-edema dependence and measured by paw edema volume. For this purpose, was used an apparatus (pakymeter), which makes it possible to measure the inflammation (swelling of the rat foot) with sufficient accuracy. The results showed that κ-carrageenan (1%) have an edema of 3.7 mm and the paw edema increase was time and dose dependent; the ι-carrageenan (0.2%) caused an edema of 4 mm and the λ-carrageenan (1%) caused an edema of 3.6 mm. Other model was used in this study based in the inflammation of pleura for comparatives studies. Injection of carrageenans into the pleural cavity of rat induced an acute inflammatory response characterized by fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a large number of neutrophils and raised NO production. The levels of NO were measured by Griess reactive. The ι-carrageenan caused the greater inflammation, because it has high concentration of nitrite/nitrate (63.478 nmoles/rat), exudato volume (1.52 ml) and PMNs (4902 x 103 cells). Quantitative evaluation of inflammations of rats is a useful and important parameter for the evaluation of the efficacy of anti-inflammatory drugs

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Antecedentes: la proteína C reactiva es uno de los marcadores inflamatorios denominados “reactantes de fase aguda” que se produce en el hígado en respuesta a procesos infecciosos o inflamatorios. En los pacientes con tuberculosis se ha descrito la formación de anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófi los (ANCA). Objetivo: determinar la concentración de proteína C reactiva, evaluar su comportamiento como marcador de la respuesta inflamatoria y analizar su correlación con los ANCA en los pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar, antes y después de iniciar el tratamiento antifímico. Pacientes: se eligieron pacientes con sospecha de tuberculosis pulmonar. Una vez confirmado el diagnóstico, se obtuvieron las muestras de suero para analizar los datos clínicos y de laboratorios. La determinación de ANCA se realizó con estuches comerciales de inmunofluorescencia y la de proteína C reactiva con ELISA, antes y después de iniciar el tratamiento antifímico. Resultados: se obtuvieron 50 muestras de suero de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar. En la primera (94%) y segunda obtención (90%) de los sueros se registró un valor de proteína C reactiva menor de 5 mg/L. El valor promedio de proteína C reactiva fue de 3.05 ± 8.27 mg/L en la primera muestra y de 4.49 ± 11.2 mg/L en la segunda (p = 0.46). Los pacientes positivos a ANCA tuvieron valores más altos de proteína C reactiva en su segunda muestra (p = 0.001). Discusión: existe una asociación entre la proteína C reactiva y la producción de anticuerpos anticitoplasma de neutrófilos en un subgrupo de pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar. Su significación es incierta, pero quizá desempeñan alguna función patogénica en la respuesta inflamatoria pulmonar.

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Con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la hipnosis sobre el recuento leucocitario, en estudiantes de medicina, en relación con un grupo de control. Se aplicó la técnica de Imaginería guiada en hipnosis y relajación en 302 estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad de Cuenca aparentemente sanos susceptibles de hipnosis, asignados de manera aleatoria. Se tomaron dos muestras para recuento y fórmula leucocitaria pre y pos tensión; durante la experimentación se valoró profundidad hipnótica y efectos colaterales. Resultados: se encontró variación del número de leucocitos en 20y más en el grupo de hipnosis (RR 1.9 IC 951.16-3.11 p<0.01). Las características generales del grupo de estudio y control, no mostraron diferencia significativa en edad, sexo y primer recuento leucocitario (p>0.05). El grupo de hipnosis mostró asociación significativa para elevación de leucocitos en ligero trance (RR 2.07 951.84-2.33 p<0.01), mediano trance (RR 2.07 951.39-2.27 p<0.01) y profundo trance (rr 2.1 IC951.86-2.37 p<0.01). El incremento leucocitario se dio a expensas de un crecimiento en el número de neutrófilos y linfocitos (p<0.01). La presencia de efectos colaterales se da más en hipnosis (RR: 3.33, IC. 1.3-8.07, p<0.01), hallando al dolor cervical como malestar predominante (p<0.05) Conclusiones: El uso de hipnosis produjo una variación en el número de leucocitos elevándolos en 20y más luego de la intervención, con crecimiento a expensas de neutrófilos y linfocitos. La profundidad de trance en el grupo de hipnosis mostró elevación leucocitaria en todos sus niveles. Los efectos colaterales se dieron mayormente en estado hipnótico

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta fisiológica (cortisol, glicemia e parâmetros sanguineos) de girinos de rã-touro (Lithobates catesbeianus) em diferentes densidades e após exposição aérea. Os animais utilizados no experimento estavam entre os estágios 31 a 39, na fase de pró-metamorfose sendo testados 1 girino/L (Tratamento 1), 5 girinos/L (Tratamento 2) e 10 girinos/L (Tratamento 3), conduzidos em 3 réplicas simultâneas durante 12 dias. O sangue foi retirado por rompimento do vaso caudal na condição de Normóxia - N (tempo zero) e Hipóxia - H (tempo de 15 minutos de exposição ao ar). Foi observado um aumento nos valores de cortisol, aos 4 e 8 dias de exposição aérea retornando aos valores basais ao final do experimento, apesar de não haver diferenças significativas. A glicemia não apresentou diferenças significativas quanto aos estressores aplicados. Os parâmetros hematológicos da série branca, principalmente, o número de linfócitos, neutrófilos e eosinófilos mostraram diferença significativa aos 12 dias de experimentação quando comparados com o momento zero; concluindo-se que, em condições controladas, o adensamento de até 10 girinos/litro e a exposição aérea por 15 minutos não apresentou danos aos girinos de rã-touro durante o período experimental. O padrão de resposta a estes estímulos talvez seja expresso em outro nível hormonal (corticosterona).

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A Doença de Behçet (DB) é uma vasculite sistémica que pode ser definida na fronteira entre a doença autoimune e autoinflamatória. A sua etiopatogenia ainda não é completamente conhecida, embora saibamos que contribuem factores genéticos (Antigénios de Histocompatibilidade/ HLA, por exemplo) e ambienciais (maior prevalência em zonas específicas do globo). Há células implicadas no processo patológico (neutrófilos, macrófagos, linfócitos T reguladores) e outros componentes (factor de necrose tumoral/ TNF, interleucinas) do sistema imune. As formas clínicas da DB são muito variadas, quer na gravidade, quer nos órgãos atingidos: Behçet Mucocutâneo, Behçet Ocular, Vasculobehçet, Neurobehçet, Behçet Intestinal, Behçet Cardíaco. Independentemente dos mecanismos imuno-inflamatórios subjacentes às diversas apresentações clínicas, a terapêutica tem de ser adaptada a cada uma delas. A nossa série de DB, coligida ao longo de 20 anos, é representativa de todo o espectro clínico de DB e consideramos útil fazer uma resenha atual da terapêutica indicada, caldeando os dados da literatura, com a nossa experiência.

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O uso de probióticos na alimentação dos peixes pode estimular o sistema imunológico e agir na prevenção de enfermidades. O presente estudo avaliou a fisiologia de pirarucu Arapaima gigas após alimentação por 30 dias com dietas enriquecidas com probiótico Bacillus subtilis em 3 níveis de inclusão: 0 (Controle); 0,02 (BS0,02%) e 0,05% (BS0,05%) (triplicata), sendo realizada biometria e coleta de amostras de sangue. Os grupos foram comparados entre si (P<0,05). O peso, comprimento e o índice hepatossomático (IHS) dos pirarucus BS0,05% foram menores que os do Controle. As análises hematológicas e bioquímicas indicaram que BS0,02% promoveu aumento do hematócrito e da albumina, com relação aos demais grupos; e diminuição da concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) e da glicose plasmática com relação ao Controle. A hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e atividade respiratória dos leucócitos do BS0,05% diminuíram com relação ao Controle. BS0,02% apresentaram redução do número de leucócitos, com relação ao Controle, que refletiu na diminuição de monócitos, neutrófilos, LG-PAS e eosinófilos. Assim, os níveis de B. subtilis avaliados não promoveram crescimento ou alterações fisiológicas nos pirarucus, que indiquem melhoria do seu sistema imune.