Pentagonal parch-excited sectorized antenna for localization systems

A pentagonal patch-excited sectorized antenna (SA) suitable for 2.4-2.5 GHz localization systems was studied and developed. The integration of six patch-excited structures converges into a sectorized antenna called Hive5 that provides gain improvement compared to a patch antenna, maximum variation of 3 dB beam width over the radiation pattern and circular polarization (CP). This antenna is presented and analyzed taking into account the tap length and the flare angle. The proposed antenna in combination with a RF-Switch provides a cost effective solution for localization based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and will be used for implementing angle of arrival (AoA) techniques combined with RF fingerprinting techniques.

Estimating Effective Slowdown of Tasks in Energy-Aware Clouds

Consolidation consists in scheduling multiple virtual machines onto fewer servers in order to improve resource utilization and to reduce operational costs due to power consumption. However, virtualization technologies do not offer performance isolation, causing applications’ slowdown. In this work, we propose a performance enforcing mechanism, composed of a slowdown estimator, and a interference- and power-aware scheduling algorithm. The slowdown estimator determines, based on noisy slowdown data samples obtained from state-of-the-art slowdown meters, if tasks will complete within their deadlines, invoking the scheduling algorithm if needed. When invoked, the scheduling algorithm builds performance and power aware virtual clusters to successfully execute the tasks. We conduct simulations injecting synthetic jobs which characteristics follow the last version of the Google Cloud tracelogs. The results indicate that our strategy can be efficiently integrated with state-of-the-art slowdown meters to fulfil contracted SLAs in real-world environments, while reducing operational costs in about 12%.

Preventable exposure in routine chest CT examinations: evaluation of effective dose beyond prescribed anatomical landmarks

Objective - Evaluate preventable exposure dose in routine chest CT examinations beyond prescribed anatomical landmarks and estimate extra dose delivered to the patient. Background/rationale - Recent technical advances have greatly increased the clinical applications of CT; developments in multidetector-row CT (MDCT) technology have occurred; the major disadvantage with the increased use of MDCT is associated radiation exposure.

Space-time monitoring of prescribed burnt soils performance – an effective tool for forest management

Among the most important measures to prevent wild forest fires is the use of prescribed and controlled burning actions in order to reduce the availability of fuel mass. However, the impact of these activities on soil physical and chemical properties varies according to the type of both soil and vegetation and is not fully understood. Therefore, soil monitoring campaigns are often used to measure these impacts. In this paper we have successfully used three statistical data treatments - the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test followed by the ANOVA and the Kruskall-Wallis tests – to investigate the variability among the soil pH, soil moisture, soil organic matter and soil iron variables for different monitoring times and sampling procedures.

10 kVp rule - An anthropomorphic pelvis phantom imaging study using a CR system: impact on image quality and effective dose using AEC and manual mode

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the influence of tube potential (kVp) variation in relation to perceptual image quality and effective dose for pelvis using automatic exposure control (AEC) and non-AEC in a computed radiography (CR) system. Methods and Materials: To determine the effects of using AEC and non-AEC by applying the 10 kVp rule in two experiments using an anthropomorphic pelvis phantom. Images were acquired using 10 kVp increments (60-120 kVp) for both experiments. The first experiment, based on seven AEC combinations, produced 49 images. The mean mAs from each kVp increment were used as a baseline for the second experiment producing 35 images. A total of 84 images were produced and a panel of 5 experienced observers participated for the image scoring using the 2 AFC visual grading software. PCXMC software was used to estimate the effective dose. Results: A decrease in perceptual image quality as the kVp increases was observed both in non-AEC and AEC experiments, however no significant statistical differences (p> 0.05) were found. Image quality scores from all observers at 10 kVp increments for all mAs values using non-AEC mode demonstrates a better score up to 90 kVp. Effective dose results show a statistical significant decrease (p=0.000) on the 75th quartile from 0.3 mSv at 60 kVp to 0.1 mSv at 120 kVp when applying the 10 kVp rule in non-AEC mode. Conclusion: No significant reduction in perceptual image quality is observed when increasing kVp whilst a marked and significant effective dose reduction is observed.

Neuroartropatia de Charcot do pé diabético: identificação, tratamento conservador e prevenção das suas complicações

Mestrado em Gestão e Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde

Rheology of the cytoskeleton as a fractal network

We model the cytoskeleton as a fractal network by identifying each segment with a simple Kelvin-Voigt element with a well defined equilibrium length. The final structure retains the elastic characteristics of a solid or a gel, which may support stress, without relaxing. By considering a very simple regular self-similar structure of segments in series and in parallel, in one, two, or three dimensions, we are able to express the viscoelasticity of the network as an effective generalized Kelvin-Voigt model with a power law spectrum of retardation times L similar to tau(alpha). We relate the parameter alpha with the fractal dimension of the gel. In some regimes ( 0 < alpha < 1), we recover the weak power law behaviors of the elastic and viscous moduli with the angular frequencies G' similar to G" similar to w(alpha) that occur in a variety of soft materials, including living cells. In other regimes, we find different power laws for G' and G".

Gender inequities in portuguese state administration: how expressive feminization and facilitating laws are not enough to guarantee effective gender equity at public work

Comunicação apresentada na 69th ASPA Anual Conference, em Dalas, Texas de 7 a 11 de março de 2008

Mn-II and Cu-II complexes with arylhydrazones of active methylene compounds as effective heterogeneous catalysts for solvent- and additive-free microwave-assisted peroxidative oxidation of alcohols

A one-pot template reaction of sodium 2-(2-(dicyanomethylene) hydrazinyl) benzenesulfonate (NaHL1) with water and manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate led to the mononuclear complex [Mn(H2O)(6)](HL1a)(2)center dot 4H(2)O (1), where (HL1a) -= 2-(SO3-)C6H4(NH)=N=C(C N) (CONH2) is the carboxamide species derived from nucleophilic attack of water on a cyano group of (HL1) . The copper tetramer [Cu-4(H2O)(10)(-) (1 kappa N: kappa O-2: kappa O, 2 kappa N: k(O)-L-2)(2)]center dot 2H(2)O (2) was obtained from reaction of Cu(NO3)(2)center dot 2.5H(2)O with sodium 5-(2( 4,4-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexylidene) hydrazinyl)-4-hydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonate (Na2H2L2). Both complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and single crystal X-ray diffraction. They exhibit a high catalytic activity for the solvent-and additive-free microwave (MW) assisted oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols with tert-butylhydroperoxide, leading to yields of the oxidized products up to 85.5% and TOFs up to 1.90 x 103 h(-1) after 1 h under low power (5-10 W) MW irradiation. Moreover, the heterogeneous catalysts are easily recovered and reused, at least for three consecutive cycles, maintaining 89% of the initial activity and a high selectivity.

Genetic relationships of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from a diphtheria case and carriers by restriction fragment length polymorphism of rRNA genes

In the present study we report the results of an analysis, based on ribotyping of Corynebacterium diphtheriae intermedius strains isolated from a 9 years old child with clinical diphtheria and his 5 contacts. Quantitative analysis of RFLPs of rRNA was used to determine relatedness of these 7 C.diphtheriae strains providing support data in the diphtheria epidemiology. We have also tested those strains for toxigenicity in vitro by using the Elek's gel diffusion method and in vivo by using cell culture method on cultured monkey kidney cell (VERO cells). The hybridization results revealed that the 5 C.diphtheriae strains isolated from contacts and one isolated from the clinical case (nose case strain) had identical RFLP patterns with all 4 restriction endonucleases used, ribotype B. The genetic distance from this ribotype and ribotype A (throat case strain), that we initially assumed to be responsible for the illness of the patient, was of 0.450 showing poor genetic correlation among these two ribotypes. We found no significant differences concerned to the toxin production by using the cell culture method. In conclusion, the use of RFLPs of rRNA gene was successful in detecting minor differences in closely related toxigenic C.diphtheriae intermedius strains and providing information about genetic relationships among them.

Fisioterapia : influência na qualidade de vida da mulher com cancro da mama : contributo para a qualidade do serviço em oncologia

RESUMO - O cancro da mama é uma preocupação da saúde pública a nível mundial, pela sua incidência, mortalidade e custos económicos associados. As terapias utilizadas no seu tratamento, embora eficazes, conduzem a alterações de todas as dimensões da Qualidade de Vida (QdV) da mulher com cancro da mama. A garantia de uma qualidade de serviço prestado deve ser uma prioridade das organizações de saúde, sendo a QdV uma medida de resultado. Partindo do pressuposto que em Portugal existe uma diferença potencial na forma como as mulheres com cancro da mama recebem o apoio por parte da fisioterapia, importa saber se a fisioterapia tem ou não influência na QdV da mulher com cancro da mama, o que, no caso de ser afirmativo, poderá constituir uma mais-valia para a qualidade do serviço prestado em oncologia. O Objectivo deste trabalho é construir um modelo de análise no sentido de responder à questão inicial de investigação: “Será que a fisioterapia contribui para a melhoria da Qualidade de Vida das mulheres com cancro da mama submetidas a cirurgia e outras terapias oncológicas?”. Neste sentido o trabalho de projecto dividiu-se por etapas. Inicialmente foi realizado um enquadramento teórico, através de uma revisão de literatura e da realização de entrevistas exploratórias, permitindo desta forma ter um conhecimento actual das temáticas que definem as variáveis e o objecto de estudo. Na etapa seguinte, foi feita uma análise crítica sobre o conhecimento actual do tema em estudo, que permitiu definir as variáveis a estudar, escolher o instrumento de medida a utilizar, ter conhecimento dos procedimentos a seguir. Após a definição do objectivo geral (avaliar se a fisioterapia tem influência na QdV das mulheres submetidas a cirurgia e outras terapias oncológicas) e dos objectivos específicos, iniciou-se o delineamento da metodologia tida como adequada para responder às questões de investigação levantadas (tipo de estudo, as variáveis, a unidade de análise, os métodos e técnicas de recolha de dados, os procedimentos e a metodologia de tratamento de dados). No âmbito do trabalho de projecto está definida a colocação em campo de um caso de estudo efectivo que permita dar um contributo real no delineamento da metodologia. Neste trabalho optou-se pela realização de um estudo piloto, que se enquadra nos procedimentos da metodologia e que teve por objectivo retirar algumas conclusões sobre: a aplicabilidade do instrumento de medida; os tempos definidos para a recolha de dados; as características sociodemográficas e clínicas da amostra; as questões de investigação levantadas. O estudo piloto consistiu num estudo pré-experimental, com uma amostra de 35 indivíduos, submetidos a cirurgia a cancro da mama e a outras terapias oncológicas. Foram avaliadas as dimensões do bem-estar físico e actividades quotidianas, bem-estar psicológico, relações sociais, sintomas e características sociodemográficas/clínicas, no início do tratamento individual de fisioterapia e no momento de alta. Utilizou-se como instrumento de medida o questionário EORTC QLQ–30 e o seu questionário complementar EORTC QLQ–23. Tendo sido construída uma ficha para recolha de dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. A significância estatística foi aceite para valores de p<0,05. Para comparação entre grupos e evolução dentro de cada grupo aplicou-se o teste t-student e o teste de Mann-Whitney. A análise dos resultados do estudo piloto permitiu verificar que: - O instrumento de medida proposto (questionário EORTC QLQ30 e BR23) mostrou ser de fácil aplicação, não tendo existido dificuldade por parte das doentes no seu preenchimento. Não houve problemas no cálculo dos scores e na sua interpretação; - Parte considerável das mulheres com cancro da mama será submetida a protocolos que se poderão prolongar por vários meses após a cirurgia (ex: QT+RT+HT). Esta realidade leva-nos a propor que sejam realizados vários momentos de avaliação, para que possam ser avaliadas as dimensões da QdV ao longo dos diferentes protocolos de tratamentos. Pensamos que o ideal seria a realização de 4 momentos de avaliação (3 a 4 semanas após a cirurgia, 3 meses, 6 meses e 9 meses após cirurgia). Sugerimos também que o estudo proposto seja realizado com uma amostra de maior dimensão; - O estudo piloto como recorreu a uma metodologia pré-experimental (ausência de grupo de controlo e apenas dois momentos de avaliação), não permite a consistência dos resultados; no entanto os resultados obtidos podem constituir um indicador de que a fisioterapia tem influência nas diferentes dimensões da QdV da mulher com cancro da mama submetida a cirurgia e a outras terapias oncológicas, podendo constituir uma mais-valia para a qualidade do serviço prestado em oncologia. Os resultados do estudo piloto permitiram redefinir a metodologia tida como adequada para responder à questão de investigação inicial. Apresentamos de seguida a mesma: Estudo quase-experimental, sendo a amostra constituída por dois grupos de 60 mulheres cada, submetidas a cirurgia a cancro da mama e a outras terapias oncológicas. O grupo experimental será submetido a tratamentos individuais de fisioterapia. Serão avaliadas as dimensões do bem-estar físico e actividades quotidianas, bem-estar psicológico, relações sociais e sintomas. A recolha de dados será realizada 3 semanas, 3 meses, 6 meses e 9 meses após a cirurgia. Como instrumento de medida será utilizado o questionário EORTC QLQ–30 e o seu questionário complementar EORTC QLQ–23, serão também recolhidos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. A significância estatística será aceite para valores de p<0,05. Para comparação entre grupos e evolução dentro de cada grupo serão utilizados testes paramétricos e não paramétricos. A realização de um estudo que seguisse a metodologia acima referida permitiria uma maior consistência dos resultados, podendo eventualmente existir a confirmação de que a fisioterapia pode ter influência na QdV da mulher submetida a cirurgia a cancro da mama e a outras terapias oncológicas. A evidência de que a fisioterapia tem influência na QdV da mulher com cancro da mama, e o facto de a QdV ser um indicador da qualidade do serviço prestado em oncologia, poderão constituir um agente facilitador para a mudança na gestão de recursos humanos em organizações de saúde com a valência de oncologia, levando a uma alteração dos padrões de prática na área da fisioterapia em oncologia em Portugal, que poderá conduzir a uma melhor qualidade de serviço prestado ao doente oncológico. ----- ABSTRACT - Breast Cancer is a worldwide public health concern due to the incidence, mortality and economic costs associated. Although effective, therapies used in its treatment lead to changes in all Quality of Life (QoL) dimensions of a woman suffering from Breast Cancer. QoL is an outcome measure, and the insurance of quality of care provided should be a priority to health organizations. Taking into consideration that in Portugal there is a potential difference in the way women with Breast Cancer are provided with physical therapy, it is important to know whether physical therapy does or does not influence the QoL of women with breast cancer. If it does, it will lead to a health care quality improvement to cancer patients. The goal of the following study is to build an analysis model in order to answer the initial investigation question: “Does Physical Therapy contribute to enhance the Quality of Life of women with breast cancer who underwent surgery and other oncology treatments?” The project was divided in different stages. Initially, a literature revision was elaborated and exploratory interviews were held, which allowed an actual knowledge of the themes that define the variables and the object of study. The next stage included a critical analysis of the theme, which allowed the definition of variables of study, the choice of instrument of measure and the acquisition of some knowledge on how to proceed. After the definition of the general goal (to evaluate the influence of physical therapy on the QoL of women with breast cancer who underwent surgery and other oncology treatments) and specific goals, the choice of a right methodology took place, in order to answer the investigation questions (type of study, variables, unit analysis, methods and techniques on data collection, procedures and data treatment). In the scope of the project, it is decided to put out on the field an effective case-study which assures a real contribution on the choice of te methodology. In this particular work, there was a pilot study, included in the methodology procedures, with the goal of obtaining conclusions on the applicability of the instrument of measure; the length of time to collect data, the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample; the investigation questions. The pilot study consisted on a one group pretest-postest design, with a sample of 35 individuals who underwent surgery and other oncology treatments. Dimensions such as physical well-being and everyday life activities, psychological well-being, social relationships, symptoms and socio-demographical/clinical characteristics were assessed at the beginning of physical therapy individual treatment and at the moment of release. The instrument of measure used was the EORTC QLQ–30 questionnaire and its complementary questionnaire EORTC QLQ–23. A chart was made in order to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. Statistic significance was accepted for values of p<0,05. To compare between groups and to detect the evolution within each group, the t-student test and the Mann-Whitney test were applied. The outcome analysis of the pilot study allowed to verify that: - The instrument of measure proposed (EORTC QLQ30 and BR23) was easy to apply, and the subjects did not show any difficulty in filling it up. There was also no problem on calculating the scores or interpreting them; - A considerable part of the women with breast cancer will be submitted to protocols that may occur throughout several months after surgery (e.g., QT+RT+HT). This reality leads us to suggest several moments of assessment of the QoL dimensions in various moments of the different protocol treatments. We consider that the ideal number of evaluations would be 4 (3/4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months after surgery). We also suggest the use of a larger sample; - Since the pilot study resorted to a one group pretest-postest design (there is an absence of control group and only two moments of assessment), there is no consistency of outcome. However, the results obtained indicate that physical therapy influences the dimensions of QoL on women with breast cancer who underwent surgery and other oncology treatments, which may be an asset to the quality of care provided to cancer patients. The outcome of the pilot study allowed to redefine the methodology given as adequate to answer the initial investigation question. Our suggestion is as follows: quasi-experimental design, with a sample of 120 subjects (2 groups of 60 women) with breast cancer who underwent surgery and other oncology treatments. The experimental group will be submitted to individual treatments of physical therapy. Dimensions such as physical well-being and everyday life activities, psychological well-being, social relationships and symptoms will be assessed. The collection of data will occur at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months after surgery. The instrument of measure is the EORTC QLQ–30 questionnaire and its complementary questionnaire EORTC QLQ–23, and social-demographic and clinical information will also be collected. The statistic significance will be accepted for values of p<0,05. Parametric and non-parametric tests will be used to compare between groups and to detect the evolution within each group. Carrying out a study that followed the methodology discussed above would allow a better consistency of results, possibly enabling the confirmation that physical therapy influences the QoL of women with breast cancer who underwent surgery and other oncology treatments. The evidence that physical therapy influences the QoL of women with breast cancer, and the fact that QoL is an indicator of quality of care provided to cancer patients, may work as a facilitating agent in the change of human resources management in health organizations associated to oncology, which will lead to a change in oncology physical therapy practice patterns in Portugal, guiding to a health care quality improvement to cancer patients.

A New Heuristic Providing an Effective Initial Solution for a Simulated Annealing approach to Energy Resource Scheduling in Smart Grids

An intensive use of dispersed energy resources is expected for future power systems, including distributed generation, especially based on renewable sources, and electric vehicles. The system operation methods and tool must be adapted to the increased complexity, especially the optimal resource scheduling problem. Therefore, the use of metaheuristics is required to obtain good solutions in a reasonable amount of time. This paper proposes two new heuristics, called naive electric vehicles charge and discharge allocation and generation tournament based on cost, developed to obtain an initial solution to be used in the energy resource scheduling methodology based on simulated annealing previously developed by the authors. The case study considers two scenarios with 1000 and 2000 electric vehicles connected in a distribution network. The proposed heuristics are compared with a deterministic approach and presenting a very small error concerning the objective function with a low execution time for the scenario with 2000 vehicles.

Protocolo de fisioterapia, com auxílio de biofeedback electromiográfico, em utentes com disfunções do ombro: efeitos na dor, funcionalidade e estabilidade dinâmica

RESUMO: Introdução: A dor e disfunções do movimento no complexo articular do ombro (CAO) são comuns e debilitantes. O uso de exercícios segundo os pressupostos de estabilidade dinâmica (ED), com auxílio de Biofeedback electromiográfico (BEMG) tem vindo a ser referido, como uma forma de aumentar a efectividade da intervenção nas disfunções do complexo articular do ombro (DCAO)Objectivo Principal: Estudar os efeitos de um protocolo de intervenção, com BEMG, cujas finalidades foram abolir a dor, aumentar a funcionalidade e a ED da omoplata, em utentes com DCAO. Objectivos secundários: Comparar os subgrupos e quanto às características, resultados, tempos de intervenção total e até atingir critérios de alta; Comparar os resultados nos momentos inicial e final. Métodos: Foi realizado um coorte clínico, longitudinal, retrospectivo, observacional, analítico. A amostra foi constituída por 82 sujeitos, divididos em dois subgrupos (n=53 SCSA e n=29 IGU). Os instrumentos de medida utilizados foram a EVA, o DASH, o SPADI e o BEMG. Foi seguido o protocolo de ED proposto por Santos e Matias (2007), de acordo com as 3 fases de intervenção por eles descritas, realizando uma sessão semanal, monitorizando exercícios que seguem estes princípios, com BEMG. Foram avaliadas as variáveis dor, postura, padrão de recrutamento, controlo motor, posição inicial da omoplata (PIO), amplitudes articulares (AA’s), força muscular (FM) e postura. Para analisar os dados, recorreu-se a estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: A intervenção foi efectiva na abolição da dor no momento (0,43 para 0,00/10EVA no subgrupo SCSA e 0,66 para 0,00/10EVA no subgrupo IGU) na pior dor (5,47/10EVA para 0,06/10EVA no subgrupo SCSA e 5,28/10 para 0,14/10 no subgrupo IGU), no aumento da função (28,57 para 0,66/100DASH e 39,00 para 0,63/100SAPDI no subgrupo SCSA e 25,80 para 0,38/100DASH e 28,19 para 0,39/100 no subgrupo IGU) e no aumento da ED da omoplata com normalização do padrão de recrutamento, controlo motor, PIO dentro do espectro de normalidade e boa capacidade de controlar a sua posição, ao longo do movimento do membro superior (MS). A intervenção proporcionou, ainda a normalização das AA’s, FM e autocorrecção postural. O tempo médio de intervenção foi de 6,45semanas no subgrupo SCSA e 5,83sem no subgrupo IGU. Estes resultados são semelhantes comparativamente a estudos que utilizaram uma intervenção baseada nos mesmos princípios (Matias e Cruz, 2004; Cunha e Matias, 2006; Santos e Matias, 2007; Rodrigues e Matias, 2009). Conclusão: O protocolo de intervenção aplicado, com uso de exercícios baseados nos princípios da ED e uso de BEMG, permitiu o alcance dos objectivos, junto de utentes com DCAO (SCSA e IGU). Verificou-se que, independentemente da condição, os resultados foram idênticos em ambos subgrupos, não apresentando diferenças significativas entre as variáveis de medida final, o tempo total de intervenção e os tempos até atingir os critérios de alta, expecto para a Dor, sendo este superior no subgrupo SCSA.---------------------------------------- ABSTRACT:Introduction: Movement disorders and pain in the shoulder joint complex (SJC) are common and debilitating. The use of exercises under the premises of dynamic stability (DS), with the aid of electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) has been mentioned as a way to increase the effectiveness of the intervention in disorders of the shoulder joint complex (DSJC) Main Objective: To evaluate the results of an intervention protocol, with EMGBF whose aims were to abolish the pain, increase functionality and DS of the scapula in patients with DSJC. Objectives: To compare the subgroups and the characteristics, outcomes, and total intervention times to reach discharge criteria; to compare the results at the beginning and at the end. Methods: We conducted a clinical cohort, longitudinal, retrospective, observational analysis. The sample consisted of 82 subjects, divided into two subgroups (n = 53 shoulder impingement syndrome SIS n = 29 shoulder joint instability SJI). The measurement instruments used were the VAS, DASH, SPADI, and EMGBF. It was followed the DS protocol proposed by Santos and Matias (2007), according to the three phases of intervention, described by performing a weekly session, monitoring exercises that follow these principles, with EMGBF. The variables were pain, posture, recruitment pattern, motor control, the initial position of the scapula (IPS), range of motion (ROM), muscular strength (MS) and posture. To analyze the data, we used the descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The intervention was effective in abolishing the pain at the time (0.43 to 0.00/10 VAS in the SIS subgroup and 0.66 to 0.00/10 VAS in the SJI subgroup) in worst pain (5.47 to 0,06/10 VAS in the SIS subgroup and 5.28/ to 0.14/10 VAS in the SJI subgroup), increasing the function (28,57 to 0,66/100 DASH and 39,00 to 0,63/100 SAPDI in the SIS subgroup and 25,80 to 0,38/100 DASH and 28,19 to 0,39/100 SPADI in the SJI subgroup) and the increase in DS of the scapula with normalization of the pattern recruitment, motor control, IPS within the spectrum of normalcy and good ability to control its position along the movement of the upper limb (UL). The intervention provided, although the normalization of ROM, MS and self-correcting posture. The average length of intervention was 6.45 weeks in the SIS subgroup and 5.83 in the IS subgroup. These results are comparable with similar studies that used an intervention based on the same principles (Matias e Cruz, 2004; Cunha e Matias, 2006; Santos e Matias, 2007; Rodrigues e Matias, 2009). Conclusion: The intervention protocol implemented with the use of exercises based on the principles of DS and the use of EMGBF was effective, allowing the accomplishment of goals, in patients with DSJC (SIS and SJI). It was found that, regardless of condition, the results were identical in both groups, showing no significant differences between the variables of the final measure, the total time of intervention and the times to reach discharge criteria, except for pain, which was higher in the SIS subgroup.

Retrospective study of malaria prevalence and Anopheles genus in the area of influence of the binational Itaipu reservoir

The importance of hydroelectric dams beside the human interchange in the maintenance of malarious foci and the occurrence of the Anopheles genus on the Binational Itaipu Reservoir were the main points of this retrospective study. Data were collected from existing registrations at National, State and Municipal Health Departments and literature systematic overview, from January 1984 to December 2003. The occurrence of some outbreak of malaria, mainly by Plasmodium vivax, and the prevalence of species of the Anopheles genus different from Anopheles darlingi in the region are discussed. The malaria in the left bank of Paraná River is a focal problem, which must be approached locally through health, educational and social actions to prevent the continuity of outbreaks in the area. Concomitantly, it is necessary to plan and apply effective surveillance measures in the influence area of the Itaipu Reservoir.