Avaliando as escolas pelas suas compet��ncias: aplica����o do DEA n��o discricion��rio para o ensino fundamental do Rio Grande do Norte

Formal education, understood by the gradual process that occurs at school, aims at learning and systematic knowledge is of great interest to society as it benefits its individuals and leads to many positive effects, such as increased productivity and welfare (Johnes, Johnes, 2007). Understanding what influences the educational outcome is as important as the result itself, because lets you manage these variables in order to obtain a better student performance. This work uses the data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare the efficiency of Rio Grande do Norte schools. In this nonparametric method, an efficiency frontier was construct from the best schools that use the inputs set to generate educational products. Therefore, the data used were obtain by Test Brazil and year 2011 School Census to state and municipal schools of Rio Grande do Norte. Some of the variables considered as inputs and outputs have been obtain directly these bases - the other two were prepared, using the Item Response Theory (IRT) - they are the socioeconomic and school infrastructure indices. As a first step, we compared several DEA models, with changes of input variables. Then was chose the non-discretionary model for which was deep the analysis of results. The results showed that only seven schools were efficient in the 5th and 9th grades simultaneously; there were no significant differences between the efficiency of municipal and state schools; and there were no differences between large and small schools. Analyzing the municipalities, Mossor�� excelled in both years with the highest proportion of efficient schools. Finally, the study suggests that using the projections provided by the DEA method, the most inefficient schools would be able to achieve the goal IDEB in 2011, in other words, it is possible to improve the education of significant state taking the efficient schools as a basis for too much.

Benchmarking e regula����o do setor de distribui����o de energia el��trica nacional: proposta para avalia����o dos custos operacionais eficientes

In Brazil, the National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL) represents the energy regulator. The rates review have been one of its main tasks, which establish a pricing practice at a level to cover the efficient operating costs and also the appropriate return of the distributors investments. The changes in the procedures to redefine the efficient costs and the several studies on the methodologies employed to regulate this segment denote the challenge faced by regulators about the best methodological strategy to be employed. In this context, this research aims to propose a benchmarking evaluation applied to the national regulation system in the establishment of efficient operating costs of electricity distribution utilities. The model is formulated to promote the electricity market development, partnering with government policies ant to society benefit. To conduct this research, an integration of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) is adopted in a three stages procedure to correct the efficiency in terms of environmental effects: (i) evaluation by means of DEA to measure operating costs slacks of the utilities, in which environmental variables are omitted; (ii) The slacks calculated in the first stage are regressed on a set of environmental variables by means of SFA and operating costs are adjusted to account the environmental impact and statistical noise effects; and, (iii) reassess the performance of the electric power distribution utilities by means of DEA. Based on this methodology it is possible to obtain a performance evaluation exclusively expressed in terms of management efficiency, in which the operating environment and statistical noise effects are controlled.

A branch and efficiency algorithm for the optimal design of supply chain networks

Supply chain operations directly affect service levels. Decision on amendment of facilities is generally decided based on overall cost, leaving out the efficiency of each unit. Decomposing the supply chain superstructure, efficiency analysis of the facilities (warehouses or distribution centers) that serve customers can be easily implemented. With the proposed algorithm, the selection of a facility is based on service level maximization and not just cost minimization as this analysis filters all the feasible solutions utilizing Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique. Through multiple iterations, solutions are filtered via DEA and only the efficient ones are selected leading to cost minimization. In this work, the problem of optimal supply chain networks design is addressed based on a DEA based algorithm. A Branch and Efficiency (B&E) algorithm is deployed for the solution of this problem. Based on this DEA approach, each solution (potentially installed warehouse, plant etc) is treated as a Decision Making Unit, thus is characterized by inputs and outputs. The algorithm through additional constraints named ���efficiency cuts���, selects only efficient solutions providing better objective function values. The applicability of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through illustrative examples.

A framework for measuring global Malmquist���Luenberger productivity index with CO2 emissions on Chinese manufacturing industries

China has achieved significant progress in terms of economic and social developments since implementation of reform and open policy in 1978. However, the rapid speed of economic growth in China has also resulted in high energy consumption and serious environmental problems, which hindering the sustainability of China's economic growth. This paper provides a framework for measuring eco-efficiency with CO2 emissions in Chinese manufacturing industries. We introduce a global Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index (GMLPI) that can handle undesirable factors within Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This study suggested after regulations imposed by the Chinese government, in the last stage of the analysis, i.e. during 2011���2012, the contemporaneous frontier shifts towards the global technology frontier in the direction of more desirable outputs and less undesirable outputs, i.e. producing less CO2 emissions, but the GMLPI drops slightly. This is an indication that the Chinese government needs to implement more policy regulations in order to maintain productivity index while reducing CO2 emissions.

Impacts of FDI Renewable Energy Technology Spillover on China's Energy Industry Performance

Environmental friendly renewable energy plays an indispensable role in energy industry development. Foreign direct investment (FDI) in advanced renewable energy technology spillover is promising to improve technological capability and promote China���s energy industry performance growth. In this paper, the impacts of FDI renewable energy technology spillover on China���s energy industry performance are analyzed based on theoretical and empirical studies. Firstly, three hypotheses are proposed to illustrate the relationships between FDI renewable energy technology spillover and three energy industry performances including economic, environmental, and innovative performances. To verify the hypotheses, techniques including factor analysis and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are employed to quantify the FDI renewable energy technology spillover and the energy industry performance of China, respectively. Furthermore, a panel data regression model is proposed to measure the impacts of FDI renewable energy technology spillover on China���s energy industry performance. Finally, energy industries of 30 different provinces in China based on the yearbook data from 2005 to 2011 are comparatively analyzed for evaluating the impacts through the empirical research. The results demonstrate that FDI renewable energy technology spillover has positive impacts on China���s energy industry performance. It can also be found that the technology spillover effects are more obvious in economic and technological developed regions. Finally, four suggestions are provided to enhance energy industry performance and promote renewable energy technology spillover in China.

Efici��ncia, gest��o e meio ambiente na carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte

SILVA, J. L. M. da; SAMPAIO, L. M. . Efici��ncia, Gest��o e Meio Ambiente na Carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte. In: Congresso da Sociendade Brasileira de Economia, Administra����o e Sociologia Rural - SOBER, 40., 2007, Londrina. Conhecimentos para a Agricultura do Futuro, 2007.

The Impact of Supervisory Monitoring On High-End Retail Sales Productivity

Based on a two-stage analysis of a panel of data on 12 outlets of a high-end retailer for 24 months, we investigate how the level of supervisory monitoring affects retail sales productivity. In the first stage, we use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compute the relative productivity of retail outlets in using their labor and capital resources to generate store sales. In the second stage, we regress the logarithm of DEA scores on contextual variables to obtain consistent estimators of the impact of contextual variables on productivity (Banker and Natarajan in Operation Research 56:48-58, 2008). Contrary to agency theoretic prediction that supervisory monitoring leads to an increase in retail sales productivity, our empirical results indicate that the higher the level of supervisory monitoring, the lower is the retail sales productivity for high-end retail outlets.

An��lise da efici��ncia de contratos de servi��os de elevada especificidade terceirizados pela petrobras

The definition of the boundaries of the firms is subject that has occupied the organizational theorists long ago, being the seminal work of Coase (1937) indicated as the trigger for one theoretical evolution, with emphasis on governance structures, which led to a modern theory of incomplete contracts. The Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Agency Theory arise within this evolution, being widely used in studies related to the theme. Empirically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has established itself as a suitable tool for analysis of efficiency. Although TCE argues that specific assets must be internalized, recent studies outside the mainstream of theory show that, often, firms may decide, for various reasons, hire them on the market. Researches on transaction costs face with the unavailability of information and methodological difficulties in measuring their critical variables. There`s still the need for further methodological deepening. The theoretical framework includes classic works of TCE and Agency Theory, but also more recent works, outside the mainstream of TCE, which warn about the existence of strategies in use of specific assets that aren`t necessarily aligned with the classical ideas of TCE. The Brazilian oil industry is the focus of this thesis, that aimed to evaluate the efficiency of contracts involving high specificity service outsourced by Petrobras. In order to this, we made the categorization of outsourced services in terms of specificity, as well the description of services with higher specificity. Then, we verified the existence of relationship between the specificity of services and a number of variables, being found divergent results than those that are preached by the mainstream of TCE. Then, we designed a DEA model to analyze the efficiency in the use of onshore drilling rigs, identified among the services of highest specificity. The next step was the application of the model to evaluate the performance of drilling rigs contracts. Finally, we verified the existence of relationship between the efficiency of contracts and a number of variables, being found, again, results not consistent with the theory mainstream. Regarding to analyze of efficiency of drilling rigs contracts, the model developed is compatible with what is found in academic productions in efficiency of drilling rigs. The results on efficiency show a wide range of scores, with efficiencies ranging from 31.79% to 100%, being low the sample efficiency average. There is consonance between the model results and the practices adopted by Petrobras. The results strengthen the DEA as an important tool in studies of efficiency with possibility to use for analysis other types of contracts. In terms of theoretical findings, the results reinforce the arguments that there are situations in which the strategies of the organizations, in terms of use of assets and services of high specificity, do not necessarily follow what is recommended by the mainstream of TCE

Efficience des joueurs dans la ligue nationale de hockey.

En l���absence de mesure pr��cise et unique de l���efficience pour les joueurs de hockey, la pr��sente ��tude a pour objectifs d�����valuer l���efficience des joueurs dans la Ligue Nationale de Hockey (LNH) et de montrer comment celle-ci peut affecter la d��cision de racheter le contrat d���un joueur. Pour ce faire, les statistiques individuelles des joueurs de la LNH pour les saisons 2007-2008 �� 2010-2011 sont utilis��es. Pour estimer l���efficience, la m��thode de l���enveloppement de donn��es (DEA) avec bootstrap est utilis��e. Les inputs incluent le salaire et le nombre de minutes de jeu, alors que les outputs incluent la contribution d��fensive et offensive de chaque joueur. Pour estimer l���association entre l���efficience individuelle et la probabilit�� d���un rachat de contrat, une r��gression logistique est utilis��e. L���analyse des donn��es montre que parmi 3 159 observations, l���efficience moyenne est de 0,635. L���efficience moyenne est similaire pour toutes les positions et toutes les saisons. Un lien positif et fort est trouv�� entre le nombre de points au classement g��n��ral d���une ��quipe et l���efficience moyenne des joueurs qui la compose (coefficient de corr��lation=0,43, valeur-p<0,01). Les joueurs avec une efficience plus ��lev��e ont une probabilit�� plus faible de voir leur contrat rachet�� (rapport des chances=0,01, valeur-p<0,01). La pr��sente ��tude conclut donc que la plupart des joueurs de hockey dans la LNH ont un degr�� d���inefficience non n��gligeable, qu���une efficience plus ��lev��e est associ��e �� une meilleure performance au niveau de l�����quipe et que les joueurs efficients ont une probabilit�� plus faible de voir leur contrat rachet��.

Avalia����o da efici��ncia dos programas de p��s-gradua����o acad��micos em Administra����o, Contabilidade e Turismo

The Triennial Evaluation of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) is made according to several indicators, divided into several issues and items, and their weights. In these it is evident the importance of scientific periodicals. This study aims to evaluate the relative efficiency of post-graduate students in Business Administration, Accounting and tourism evaluated by CAPES in Brazil. The methodology used the data envelopment analysis - DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). The data were obtained from the site and organized by the CAPES Qualis score. The analysis was performed by the DEA variable returns to scale, product-oriented (BCC-O), with data from the three-year periods 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Among the main results are the average increase significantly the relative efficiency of the programs in the period 2007-2009 compared to 2004-2006 period, the highest average efficiency of programs linked to public institutions in relation to private, doctoral programs with the present average efficiency sharply higher than those only with masters, and senior programs in general were more efficient. There is also moderate and significant correlation between the efficiency scores and concepts CAPES. The Malmquist index analysis showed that more than 85% of programs had increased productivity. It is noteworthy that the main effect that influences the increase of the Malmquist index is the displacement of the border (Frontier-shift)

Resurssiperusteinen ajattelu ammattijoukkueurheilussa: NHL-joukkueiden kyky tunnistaa suorituskyky�� parantavat henkil��st��resurssit

Tutkijoita on viime vuosina yh�� eneneviss�� m����rin kiinnostanut johtamisen ja johtajuuden tutkimuksen eri teorioiden soveltaminen urheiluymp��rist��ss��. T��m�� p��tee my��s kest��v��n kilpailuedun ja resurssiperusteisen ajattelun tutkimukseen. Urheilullisen menestyksen yll��pit��minen on ammattiurheilujoukkueiden kiinnostavuuden ja hyv��n taloudellisen tuloksen kannalta ensiarvoisen t��rke����. Huono urheilullinen menestys voi tarkoittaa my��s suurta menetyst�� joukkueiden kykyyn luoda tuloja, sill�� kannattajien sek�� sponsoreiden kiinnostus seuraa kohtaan voi laskea. Valmentajanvaihdokset eri urheilulajeissa ovat kiinnostaneet niin urheilu- kuin strategisen johtamisen tutkijoita jo pitk����n, mutta niiden vaikutuksista joukkueiden suorituskykyyn ei ole p����sty yhteisymm��rrykseen. T��m��n tutkielman tarkoituksena on selvitt����, miten johtajavaihdosten ilmi�� n��kyy NHL-joukkueissa, ja millaisia vaikutuksia sill�� on joukkueiden suorituskykyyn. T��m��n lis��ksi selvitet����n kuinka hyvin NHL-joukkueiden seurajohto on onnistunut omien henkil��st��resurssiensa kyvykkyyden ja tehokkuuden arvioimisessa tehdess����n p����t��ksen vaihtaa valmentajaa. T��ss�� tutkielmassa tutkittiin yhteens�� 19 kesken kauden tapahtunutta valmentajanvaihdosta j����kiekon NHL:ss�� kausien 2005���2006 ja 2014���2015 v��lisen�� aikana. Valmentajien tehokkuutta hy��dynt���� k��yt��ss����n olevia resursseja mitattiin data envelopment analysis (DEA) -menetelm��n avulla. Tutkielman tuloksista k��y ilmi, ett�� valmentajanvaihdoksen my��t�� joukkueiden suorituskyky parani l��hes poikkeuksetta. Suorituskyky oli my��s parempaa, kun sit�� verrattiin vaihdosta edelt��neeseen kauteen, ja se parani edelleen vaihdosta seuranneella kaudella. Saatujen tulosten valossa voidaan siis todeta, ett�� NHL:ss�� valmentajan vaihtamisella kesken kauden on positiivista vaikutusta joukkueen suorituskykyyn. Vaikutus on positiivista ainakin silloin, kun vaihdettu valmentaja sek�� t��m��n korvaaja ovat molemmat saaneet valmentaa joukkuetta v��hint����n yhden kokonaisen kauden ajan ennen vaihdoskautta tai sen j��lkeen. Tulokset my��s viittaavat siihen, ett�� huonon urheilullisen menestyksen pohjalta tehdyt vaihdosp����t��kset ovat perusteltuja. N��in ollen voidaan todeta, ett�� NHL-joukkueen johto on p����s����nt��isesti onnistunut tunnistamaan tehottoman henkil��st��resurssin ja kyennyt korvaamaan sen kyvykkyyksilt����n paremmalla resurssilla. Tutkielman tuloksia ei kuitenkaan voida yleist���� yli sarja- ja lajirajojen, sill�� jokaisella urheilusarjalla ja -lajilla on omat erityispiirteens��, mink�� takia niiden keskin��inen vertailu ei ole mielek��st��.

Efici��ncia, gest��o e meio ambiente na carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte

SILVA, J. L. M. da; SAMPAIO, L. M. . Efici��ncia, Gest��o e Meio Ambiente na Carcinicultura do Rio Grande do Norte. In: Congresso da Sociendade Brasileira de Economia, Administra����o e Sociologia Rural - SOBER, 40., 2007, Londrina. Conhecimentos para a Agricultura do Futuro, 2007.

Integra����o das metodologias DEA e BSC para a avalia����o de controlo de gest��o e dos neg��cios

Mestrado em Controlo de Gest��o e dos Neg��cios

An��lise da efici��ncia de contratos de servi��os de elevada especificidade terceirizados pela petrobras

The definition of the boundaries of the firms is subject that has occupied the organizational theorists long ago, being the seminal work of Coase (1937) indicated as the trigger for one theoretical evolution, with emphasis on governance structures, which led to a modern theory of incomplete contracts. The Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) and Agency Theory arise within this evolution, being widely used in studies related to the theme. Empirically, data envelopment analysis (DEA) has established itself as a suitable tool for analysis of efficiency. Although TCE argues that specific assets must be internalized, recent studies outside the mainstream of theory show that, often, firms may decide, for various reasons, hire them on the market. Researches on transaction costs face with the unavailability of information and methodological difficulties in measuring their critical variables. There`s still the need for further methodological deepening. The theoretical framework includes classic works of TCE and Agency Theory, but also more recent works, outside the mainstream of TCE, which warn about the existence of strategies in use of specific assets that aren`t necessarily aligned with the classical ideas of TCE. The Brazilian oil industry is the focus of this thesis, that aimed to evaluate the efficiency of contracts involving high specificity service outsourced by Petrobras. In order to this, we made the categorization of outsourced services in terms of specificity, as well the description of services with higher specificity. Then, we verified the existence of relationship between the specificity of services and a number of variables, being found divergent results than those that are preached by the mainstream of TCE. Then, we designed a DEA model to analyze the efficiency in the use of onshore drilling rigs, identified among the services of highest specificity. The next step was the application of the model to evaluate the performance of drilling rigs contracts. Finally, we verified the existence of relationship between the efficiency of contracts and a number of variables, being found, again, results not consistent with the theory mainstream. Regarding to analyze of efficiency of drilling rigs contracts, the model developed is compatible with what is found in academic productions in efficiency of drilling rigs. The results on efficiency show a wide range of scores, with efficiencies ranging from 31.79% to 100%, being low the sample efficiency average. There is consonance between the model results and the practices adopted by Petrobras. The results strengthen the DEA as an important tool in studies of efficiency with possibility to use for analysis other types of contracts. In terms of theoretical findings, the results reinforce the arguments that there are situations in which the strategies of the organizations, in terms of use of assets and services of high specificity, do not necessarily follow what is recommended by the mainstream of TCE

Avalia����o da efici��ncia dos programas de p��s-gradua����o acad��micos em Administra����o, Contabilidade e Turismo

The Triennial Evaluation of Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) is made according to several indicators, divided into several issues and items, and their weights. In these it is evident the importance of scientific periodicals. This study aims to evaluate the relative efficiency of post-graduate students in Business Administration, Accounting and tourism evaluated by CAPES in Brazil. The methodology used the data envelopment analysis - DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis). The data were obtained from the site and organized by the CAPES Qualis score. The analysis was performed by the DEA variable returns to scale, product-oriented (BCC-O), with data from the three-year periods 2004-2006 and 2007-2009. Among the main results are the average increase significantly the relative efficiency of the programs in the period 2007-2009 compared to 2004-2006 period, the highest average efficiency of programs linked to public institutions in relation to private, doctoral programs with the present average efficiency sharply higher than those only with masters, and senior programs in general were more efficient. There is also moderate and significant correlation between the efficiency scores and concepts CAPES. The Malmquist index analysis showed that more than 85% of programs had increased productivity. It is noteworthy that the main effect that influences the increase of the Malmquist index is the displacement of the border (Frontier-shift)